Образцы тематического вокабуляра для подготовки к зачету (5 семестр):
ARMED CONFLICTS
Talking points
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Vocabulary
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What is a military conflict? What are military conflicts usually rooted in? Give an example.
What impact do military conflicts have on international relations? Use examples to illustrate your point of view.
What actors are traditionally involved in resolving an armed conflict? Comment on the role of military and relief organizations.
Comment on the war between Georgia and South Ossetia/the Yugoslav war in the context of world politics.
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Adjectives:
Armed/military/violent conflict.
For years the region has been torn apart by armed conflicts. UN troops intervened to avert a threat of a violent conflict.
Expressions with conflict:
Unresolved conflict; to turn a frozen conflict into a hot one; to erupt (about a conflict), to be rooted in [religion].
Expressions with war:
to be on the brink of war; to declare war on smb/smth; the outbreak of war; to be at war; the horrors of war, grim realities of war; to risk escalating into a full-scale war; to stoke a war; to break out (about war); to win/lose a war; a war/danger zone, to be war-torn (about a country/region).
Roots of conflicts:
Ethnic/territorial/economic disputes, separatism, border violation, random violence; Kosovo’s secession from Serbia; to declare autonomy from (Georgia), to declare/proclaim independence from smb; to retake by force, to regain control of smth, to restore smb’s territorial integrity, to recover lost territories; to lay siege to smb/smth, to be under siege, to end/lift/raise a siege; to break down (about talks), to disrupt elections/talks; to exert military pressure; to escalate/contribute to tensions; to resolve a conflict militarily; to accuse smb of military build-up; to carry out ethnic cleansing; to break off diplomatic relations.
‘Ethnic cleansing’, in which people are forced from their homes at gunpoint, has not stopped.
Consequences of a conflict:
To declare a state of emergency; to commit atrocities; to leave a conflict zone, to flee (from) smth/smb, to grow (about a number of refugees), to loom (about a humanitarian crisis), to cope with the influx of casualties, to be overwhelmed with casualties (about hospitals); to apply for/seek/be granted asylum, to be an asylum seeker; to be injured/wounded in the [Georgian] offensive/during a bombing raid/in the bombardment of the capital; to pose a serious threat to [regional] stability; to impose/lift curfew, to place [a town] under curfew.
We saw long queues of people fleeing the war. Many refugees have crossed the border to escape the war. The government imposed a night curfew throughout the country. The curfew was lifted on May 6th. Some of the worst atrocities in the Yugoslav war took place at a farm near Sarajevo.
Efforts to resolve the conflict:
to make efforts to resolve the conflict; to break the deadlock; to reach (an) agreement on smth; to call a truce; to appeal for a ceasefire, to implement [six-point] ceasefire, to restore peace; to prevent any further genocide and exodus; to withdraw troops to [pre-conflict position]; to sign peace accord.
There are hopes here that fragile ceasefire will hold, allowing peace talks to continue. A peace accord was signed by both leaders. New talks will begin on Monday in an effort to break the deadlock. They agreed to call a truce.
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TERRORISM
Talking points
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Vocabulary list
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What is terrorism? What goals are usually pursued by terrorists? What do you know about nuclear/chemical terrorism? Why do they pose a grave threat to society?
Is terrorism a new phenomenon? Do you agree that terrorism played a key role throughout history worldwide? Use examples to illustrate your point of view.
What are the main features of modern terrorism? Why is it a hard and complex task to combat modern terrorism?
Comment on the role of mass media and electronic communications in developing modern terrorism. How should the media cover terror attacks and what should be the journalists’ priorities while performing such work?
What are the roots of international terrorism in Russia and the UK?
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Terror
Adj.+N: (against all people) indiscriminate, mass; random; (by a particular group) state, Nazi, fascist:
V+N: (use terror) inflict on smb, perpetrate, spread, unleash, wage on smb;
Violent methods: banishment, expropriation of property, arbitrary arrest, torture, assassination, execution; to intimidate, to discourage/repress opposition:
E.g. The dictator is the symbol of state terror and aggression. The violence and terror they unleashed shocked the international community.
Terrorism
Adj.+N:
cross-border, global, international, transnational; domestic, home-grown; indiscriminate, mass:
E.g. The war abroad fuelled home-grown terrorism in Britain. International terrorism represents a global well-organized network, which engages various groups of different sizes, and radicalized individuals, inspired by violent, extremist beliefs.
V+N:
to combat, to confront, to counter, to curb, to deter, to fight, to oppose, to prevent, to tackle; to defeat, to eliminate, to eradicate; (speak publicly against terrorism) to abhor, to condemn, to denounce, to renounce; (support/encourage terrorism) to abet, to finance, to foment, to glorify, to incite, to promote, to sponsor; (commit acts of terrorism) to commit, to perpetrate, to carry out (an attack);
We don’t believe this war is the most effective means of combating international terrorism. Eradicating terrorism is a much more daunting task than most people realize. Freedom of speech never should be an excuse for inciting terrorism and fostering hatred. They were charged with conspiring to commit acts of terrorism.
N+against+terrorism:
Battle, campaign, fight, stand, struggle, war;
N+of+terrorism:
Evil, menace, scourge, spectre, threat:
E.g. We must be consistent and tackle the scourge of terrorism wherever it is present.
Modern terrorism: a complicated and multi-faceted problem; to pose threat to international peace and security, inspired by violent, extremist beliefs; aimed at causing mass casualties and most demolition; to create a climate of fear among civilians; to make a bomb with a higher explosive effect; to attack a nuclear power reactor/chemical plants; to be carried out in the name of Islam; to be rooted in malignant misinterpretation of Koran; distorted version of the Islamic faith; to justify and legitimize terrorist acts; to seek safe havens; to benefit from the development of mass media and electronic communications; to broadcast terrorist acts; to convey one’s message to TV watchers; to catch maximum attention of mass media; to spread terrorism propaganda on the Internet; to challenge the world order; to require a wide-ranging and comprehensive response.
Counter-terrorism: to launch a long-term strategy to respond to international terrorism; to improve international legislative basis to face new challenges in counter-terrorism; to block activities of terrorists; to prevent their access to radiological/nuclear materials; to confront the states that assist terrorist organizations and apply sanctions against them; to counter abuse of cyberspace by terrorists; to counter propaganda of terrorism, separatism and extremism.
Terrorist:
Adj.+N: (possible) alleged, suspected, wanted, would-be, convicted; (dangerous or crazy) armed, cowardly, fanatical, fundamentalist, notorious, suicidal (suicide bomber);
N+N: terrorist act/activity/attack/bombing/group/ murder/offence/plot/strike/threat:
E.g. Thanks to the hard work of intelligence services, we have seen arrests of suspected terrorists around the world. Twenty people were killed in the latest terrorist attack. Cowardly terrorists killed 182 innocent civilians. Participants paid tribute to the victims of the terrorist acts.
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семестр
Образцы экзаменационных лексических карточек на перевод:
Card 1
боевики 6. иметь огромное стратегическое значение
совершить теракт 7. Лорд Канцлер
назначать к.-л. (на должность) 8. одномандатный избирательный округ
голосовать за к.-л. 9. этническая чистка
представлять общие интересы 10. (политический) митинг
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Card 2
партизанская война 6. преодолеть президентское вето
партийный съезд 7. утверждать судей (Верховного Суда)
соперник 8. накладывать экономические санкции
внести предложение 9. принимать законопроекты
исполнять обязанности 10. террорист-смертник
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Образцы вокабуляра для подготовки к переводу экзаменационных лексических карточек:
Vocabulary for exam cards
War Conflicts and Diplomatic Relations
to start/wage a war against sb
to avert a war
to be on the brink of war
a standoff
an armed conflict
a hot spot
a breakaway region
civil war, guerrilla war, nuclear war, Cold war, full-scale war, devastating war
a ceasefire; to demand an immediate ceasefire
to deploy troops; to withdraw troops (withdrawal of troops)
militants
rebels
casualties/losses; heavy casualties/losses; civilian casualties; to inflict casualties/losses
the wounded; to be wounded
friendly fire (victims of friendly fire)
collateral damage
ethnic cleansing
genocide
a refugee/an evacuee
a buffer zone
relief aid/organization; humanitarian aid/crisis
to recognize sth as an independent state
to exert pressure on a country
to send an observer force; to send civilian monitors to a country
economic sanctions; economic embargo; to impose sanctions on sb/sth
a missile shield
to establish relations; to break off/cut off relations; to resume/re-establish relations
to sour/damage relations
tense/strained/frosty relations
to be diplomatically isolated
a thaw
Terrorism
a terrorist act/attack; to commit a terrorist act
a terrorist bombing
a suicide-bomber
Al-Qaeda-affiliated groups
Islamist extremism
to assassinate sb; an assassination
to attain political objectives
to intimidate sb
to create a climate of fear among civilians
to destabilize political institutions
to attract media coverage
to challenge the world order
to create a global outreach
to claim responsibility for a terrorist attack
an improvised explosive device (IED)
nuclear, biological, chemical weapons; weapons of mass destruction
counter-terrorism policy/methods
Образец газетной статьи для письменного реферирования:
The UK terror threat level is being raised from "substantial" to "severe", Home Secretary Alan Johnson has said.
The new alert level means a terrorist attack is considered "highly likely". It had stood at substantial since July.
Mr Johnson refused to say it was linked to the failed Detroit airliner bombing, and said the government would not reveal specific intelligence details.
The home secretary stressed there was no intelligence to suggest a terrorist attack was imminent.
'Real threat'
The decision to raise the threat level was made by the UK's Joint Terrorism Analysis Centre (JTAC).
Mr Johnson said JTAC kept the threat level under constant review, making its judgments based on a broad range of factors including the intent and capabilities of international terrorist groups in the UK and overseas.
He said: "We still face a real and serious threat to the UK from international terrorism, so I would urge the public to remain vigilant and carry on reporting suspicious events to the appropriate authorities and to support the police and security services in their continuing efforts to discover, track and disrupt terrorist activity."
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THREAT LEVEL SYSTEM
Low - attack is unlikely
Moderate - attack is possible, but not likely
Substantial - attack is a strong possibility
Severe - attack is highly likely
Critical - attack is expected imminently
| The home secretary said the new level meant people needed to be "more aware".
He said the decision to raise the threat level was not specifically linked to the failed Christmas Day bomb attack on a plane bound for Detroit or to any other incident, he said.
Mr Johnson said: "We never say what the intelligence is and it would be pretty daft of us to do that."
He added: "It shouldn't be thought to be linked to Detroit or anywhere else for that matter."
But the UK had not reached the highest threat level of "critical", which would mean an attack was imminent.
Mr Johnson said: "We have a very adept and very focused counter-terrorism facility in this country, which consists of many police officers as well as security officers, so the public should be reassured by that."
'More vigilant'
Lord Carlile, the government's independent reviewer of terrorism legislation, said the change was designed to make the public more aware, not to scare people.
He said: "The government has quite rightly decided that if you don't tell the public to be vigilant, they're not going to be vigilant.
"The message from the current change of assessment is not that we should be more afraid, but that we should be a little bit more vigilant than we have been.
"It is crucial that the public report to the police anything suspicious they see."
But the chairman of the home affairs sub-committee on counter-terrorism, the Conservative MP Patrick Mercer, criticised Mr Johnson's decision not to tell the public why the threat level had been increased.
Mr Mercer said: "Key targets - the energy sector, the transport sector - who are told individually what is going on and have access to a certain amount of intelligence, it will be helpful for them.
"It would be so much more helpful, though, if only the public knew what it meant. At the moment it is merely vacuous."
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