Учебно-методический комплекс по дисциплине огсэ 03. Английский язык (Дисциплина общего гуманитарного и социально-экономического цикла)
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| Тема 5.1. «Экономика». План изучения темы:
Работа с практическим материалом по подтеме «Экономика». Exercise 1. Translate the text into Russian and do the exercises: ECONOMY OF THE U.S.A. The United States of America is a highly developed industrialized country. Shipbuilding, electronics, automobile industry, aircraft industry, space research are highly developed in the States. Each region of the United States has characteristics of its own due to the differences in climate, landscape and geographical position. Great Lakes, Atlantic Coast, Pennsylvania, New Jersy are biggest industrial regions of the country. The United States has a lot of mineral deposits or resources such as coal, gold, silver, copper, lead and zink. The south, especially Texas is rich in oil. The coalfields of Pennsylvania are rich in coal. There are plenty of coal mines. Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska is the richest farming region of America and it is known as the Corn Belt. The land is fertile and well watered. They grow mostly corn and wheat there. Much livestock is also raised here. There is a lot of fruit raising area. For example, California oranges, grapefruit, lemons, as well as other fruits, wines and vegetables are shipped all over the States and to other parts of the world. The most important crops grown in the States are also tobacco, soy-beans, peanuts, grapes and many others. There are a lot of large and modern cities, but a great proportion of the country consists of open land dotted with farmhouses and small towns. The usual average town, in any part of the United States, has its Main Street with the same types of stores selling the same products. Many American residential areas tend to have a similar look. As to big cities their centres or downtowns look very much alike. Downtown is the cluster of skyscrapers imitations of New York giants. New York City is die first biggest city of the States. Its population is more than eight million people. It is a financial and advertising business centre. It is also a biggest seaport of the Hudson River. Industry of consumer goods is also developed here. Chicago with a population of more than three and a half million is the second largest city in the U.S.A. It deals in wheat and other grains, cattle meat processing and manufacturing. Other big cities are Huston, an oil refining and NASA space research centre, New Orleans, a cotton industry centre, Los Angeles with Hollywood, Phyladelphia, a shipping commercial centre, Detroit, a world's leading motor car producer and many others. Exercises: I. Answer the questions using the text: 1. What industries are highly developed in the U.S.? 2. What mineral deposits are there? 3. What plants are grown in the U.S.? Why? 4. What can you say about the usual average town? II. Find the English equivalents in the text: благодаря различиям в климате; земли плодородны и хорошо орошаемы; выращивают кукурузу и пшеницу; разводят много скота; большие площади заняты фруктовыми садами; вывозятся в другие штаты и страны. III. Sum up what the text says about: the biggest industrial regions of the U.S.A. New York Chicago Huston New Orleans Exercise 2. Translate the text into Russian and do the exercises: ECONOMY OF THE U.K. The United Kingdom has the 6th-largest national economy in the world (and 3rd-largest in Europe) measured by nominal GDP and 8th-largest in the world (and 2nd-largest in Europe) measured by purchasing power parity (PPP). The UK's GDP per capita is the 22nd-highest in the world in nominal terms and 22nd-highest measured by PPP. In 2012, the UK was the 10th-largest exporter in the world and the 6th-largest importer. In 2012, the UK had the 3rd-largest stock of inward foreign direct investment and the 2nd-largest stock of outward foreign direct investment. The British economy comprises (in descending order of size) the economies of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The UK has one of the world's most globalised economies. One-sixth of the tax revenue comes from VAT (value added tax) from the consumer market of the British Economy. The service sector dominates the UK economy, contributing around 78% of GDP, with the financial services industry particularly important. London is the world's largest financial centre alongside New York and has the largest city GDP in Europe. The UK aerospace industry is the second- or third-largest national aerospace industry depending on the method of measurement. The pharmaceutical industry plays an important role in the economy and the UK has the third-highest share of global pharmaceutical R&D. The automotive industry is also a major employer and exporter. The British economy is boosted by North Sea oil and gas production; its reserves were valued at an estimated £250 billion in 2007. There are significant regional variations in prosperity, with the South East of England and southern Scotland the richest areas per capita. In the 18th century the UK was the first country to industrialise and during the 19th century had a dominant role in the global economy. From the late-19th century the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States and Germany presented an increasing economic challenge, and the costs of fighting World War I and World War II further weakened the UK's relative position. However it still maintains a significant role in the world economy, such as in financial services,and the knowledge economy. The UK economy is currently recovering from a recession arising from the financial crisis of 2007/08, and GDP remains 1.3% below its pre-recession peak as of Q4 2013; the UK experienced a deeper downturn than all of the G7 except Japan, and has experienced a slower recovery than all but Italy. In 2013, the UK experienced its fastest growth since 2007; it is now the fastest growing major European economy. Government involvement in the British economy is primarily exercised by HM Treasury, headed by the Chancellor of the Exchequer, and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills. Since 1979 management of the UK economy has followed a broadly laissez-faire approach. The Bank of England is the UK's central bank and its Monetary Policy Committee is responsible for setting interest rates. The currency of the UK is the pound sterling, which is also the world's third-largest reserve currency after the U.S. dollar and the euro. The UK is a member of the Commonwealth of Nations, the European Union, the G7, the G8, the G20, the International Monetary Fund, the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, the World Bank, the World Trade Organization and the United Nations. Exercises: I. Translate into English:
II. Sum up what the text says about: The Bank of England The currency of the UK The service sector dominates the UK economy London The UK aerospace industry Exercise 3. Open the brackets: 1. Where is your luggage? — I (to leave) it at the station. a) have left b) left c) had left 2.The train (to arrive) at 5 o'clock tomorrow. a) will arrive b) arrive c) arrives 3. If I ( to have) time, I'll go with you a) will have b) has c) have 4. Mike (to write) a letter at the moment a) writes b) wrote c) is writting 5. I (to live) in London 5 years ago a) had lived b) has lived c) lived 6. My mother (to watch) TV at 5 o'clock yesterday a) watched b) was watching c) has watched 7. Mary (to do) all her homework by 5 o'clock yesterday a) had done b) has done c) did 8. I (not to go) to school tomorrow a) will not go b) don't go c) didn't go 9. We (to play) football at 7 o'clock tomorrow a) will play b) will be playing c) will playing 10. My parents (to live) together since 1972. a) have lived b) live c) are living Раздел № 5 «Профессиональный английский язык». Тема 5.2. «Формы организации предприятий Великобритании США». План изучения темы:
Работа с практическим материалом по подтеме «Формы организации предприятий Великобритании США». Exercise 1. Translate the text into Russian and do the exercises: TYPES OF BUSINESSES IN THE U.K. Most businesses in the United Kingdom operate in one of the following ways:
The sole trader is the oldest form of business. There are many one-man owners, for example: a fanner, doctor, solicitor, estate agent, garage man, jobber, builder, hairdresser etc. The partnership is a firm where there are a few partners. They are firms of solicitors, architects, auditors, management consultants etc. The names of all the partners of the firm are printed on the stationery of a partnership. The most common type of company in the United Kingdom is the limited liability company. At the end of the name of such a company the word Ltd. is used. For example: Wilson and Son Ltd. Many of such companies are joint-stock companies owned by shareholders. Limited liability companies are divided into public and private ones. Only public companies may offer shares to the public at the stock exchange. The names of such companies end in p.l.c. which stands for public limited company. For instance: John and Michael p.l.c. Private limited companies may not offer shares to the public. The names of such companies end simply in Ltd. A branch of a foreign company is a part of a company incorporated outside Great Britain but acting under the law of the U.K. Usually these companies act in the U.K. under their normal foreign names. Exercises: I. Answer the following questions: 1. What is the most common type of company in the U.K.? 2. Are all limited liability companies joint-stock companies ? 3. What can you say about the types of the following companies ? Fine Furniture Ltd. General Foods p.l.c. II. Translate into Russian: Sole trader, farmer, garage man, joint-stock limited liability company, private limited liability company, a company acting under the British law. III. Fill in the words used in the text: 1. The names of … …of the firm are printed on the stationery of a partnership. 2. The names of such companies … simply in Ltd. 3. Many of such companies are joint-stock companies … by shareholders. Exercise 2. Translate the text into Russian and do the exercises: FORMS OF BUSINESSES IN THE U.S.A. Businesses in the U.S.A. may be organized as one of the following forms:
An individual business is owned by one person. A general partnership has got several owners. They all are liable for debts and they share in the profits. A limited partnership has got at least one general owner and one or more other owners. They have only a limited investment and a limited liability. A corporation is owned by persons, called stockholders. The stockholders usually have certificates showing the number of shares which they own. The stockholders elect a director or directors to operate the corporation. Most corporations are closed corporations, with only a few stockholders. Other corporations are owned by many stockholders who buy and sell their shares at will. Usually they have little interest in management of the corporations. Alien corporations are corporations of foreign countries. All the corporations are to receive their charters from the state authorities. The charters state all the powers of the corporation. Many corporations try to receive their charters from the authorities of the State of Delaware, though they operate in other states. They prefer the State of Delaware because the laws are liberal there and the taxation is rather low. Such corporations, which receive their charters from an outside state, are called foreign corporations. All the corporations require a certificate to do business in the state where they prefer to operate. I. Sum up what the text says about: individual businesses general partnerships limited partnerships corporations alien corporations foreign corporations charters and certificates II. Translate into Russian: general partnership to be liable for debts, to share in profits, limited partnership, to have a limited investment, to have a limited liability corporation, closed corporation, certificates showing the number of shares they own. III. Compare the two previous text on the following types of business in the U.K. and the U.S.A.: sole traders – individual businesses partnerships – general and limited partnerships Exercise 3. Open the brackets in The Present Perfect Tense: 1. John (write) his name. 2. I (draw) a picture. 3. Tom (blow out ) the light. 4. The cat (drink) its milk. 5. The tree (fall) across the road. 6. John (give) his bicycle to his brother. 7. You (make) a mistake. 8. We (eat) our dinner. 9. The train just (go). 10. I just (tell) the answer. 11. George never (be) in Australia. 12. John and Richard just (go away). 13. The baker (sell) all his cakes. 14. I (read) this book. Exercise 4. Give 3rd form for the following verbs:. Write, win, sell, try, read, play, find, visit, stop, study, die, do. Exercise 5. Open the brackets and translate the sentences in The Future Perfect Tense: 1. We (to come) home by the evening tomorrow. 2. We (to finish) his project by the end of the next week? 3. She (to do) my homework by five o’clock tomorrow. 4. When I come home tomorrow, my family (to have) lunch. 5. When they (to come) to the party tomorrow, I (to cook) dinner. I (to finish) it by 5 pm. 6. If the weather is fine, we (to go) to the picnic. 7. You (to complete) the project by the end of the week? 8. What you (to do) by the end of the year? 9. What you (to make) by five o’clock tomorrow? 10. You (to finish playing) tennis by 7 pm? 11. You (to do) this project by next Friday? Exercise 6. Fill in the blanks in The Past Perfect Tense: 1. Joe began to work on his own project after the company … (to fire) him. 2. … (to hear) the news on the radio before you saw the program on TV? 3. Jacob didn’t want to read the book because he … (to see) already the movie. 4. The match … (to begin) already when we … (to enter) the stadium. 5. Until Susan … (to meet) Jeremy, she never … (to fall) in love. 6. Mr. Smith … (to smoke) for year before he … (to decide) to give up this bad habit. 7. … (to drive) Kate ever on the highway by herself before that accident? 8. How many butterflies … (to catch) the boys by the time it started raining? 9. Parents … (to forbid) them to go to the forest, hadn’t they? Раздел № 5 «Профессиональный английский язык». |
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