Методические указания

Economy of Great Britain 

About 25% of Britain's land is arable (пахотный, обрабатываемый, культивируемый), and almost half is suitable for meadows (луга, пойменная земля) and pastures (пастбища). Its agriculture is highly mechanized and extremely productive; about 2% of the labor force produces 60% percent of the country's food needs. Barley, wheat, rapeseed, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, and vegetables are the main crops. The widespread dairy industry produces milk, eggs, and cheese. Beef cattle and large numbers of sheep, as well as poultry and pigs, are raised throughout much of the country. There is also a sizable fishing industry, with cod (треска), haddock (пикша), mackerel (макрель, скумбрия), whiting (мерланг (рыба)), trout (форель), salmon (лосось, сёмга), and shellfish (моллюски, ракообразные) making up the bulk of the catch.

Great Britain is one of the world's leading industrialized nations. It has achieved this position despite the lack of most raw materials needed for industry. It must also import 40% of its food suplies. Thus, its prosperity has been dependent upon the export of manufactured goods in exchange for raw materials and foodstuffs. Within the manufacturing sector, the largest industries include machine tools; electric power, automation, and railroad equipment; ships; aircraft; motor vehicles and parts; electronic and communications equipment; metals; chemicals; coal; petroleum; paper and printing; food processing; textiles; and clothing.

The country's chief exports are manufactured goods, fuels, chemicals, food and beverages, and tobacco. The chief imports are manufactured goods (промышленные товары, товары промышленного производства), machinery, fuels, and foodstuffs. Since the early 1970s, Great Britain's trade focus has shifted from the United States to the European Union, which now accounts for over 50% of its trade. The United States, Germany, France, and the Netherlands are the main trading partners, and the Commonwealth countries are also important.
Вариант 5

1. 
   Вставьте вопросительные слова who, what, how, where, when or why
   

1._______ are you from?

2. _______ do you live?

3._______ old are you?

4._______ is your birthday?

2. 
   Вставьте deep или deeply.
   

The death of his friend affected him _________ .

To find water, they had to dig ____________ into the ground.

The bullet penetrated ____________ inside Greg’s chest.

Fred was ____________ embarrassed.

3. Поставьте выделенный глагол в правильную форму повелительного наклонения.

1. 
   Не позволяйте ей возвращаться домой поздно. Not to let her to return home late.
   
2. 
   Выключите свой телефон и положите его на стол. To turn off your phone and to put it on the table. 
   
3. 
   Не помогайте моему брату, оставьте его в покое до завтра. Not to help my brother to leave him alone till tomorrow. 
   
4. 
   Не будь глупым, наслаждайся своей жизнью! Not to be stupid, to enjoy your life. 
   

4.Вставьте соответствующие предлоги времени вместо пропусков.

1 Our children stay in the swimming-pool … two hours.

2 George got up … 04.40 a.m. a day before yesterday.

3 Renate was going to the library … classes.

4 Their boss will be busy … 16.00 … 19.00.

5.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple Passive.

1. The postbox (to empty) tomorrow. 2.The stamps (to postmark) at the post office. 3.The letters (to sort) into the different towns. 4.The mail (to load) into the train.

6. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. If our case had not been tried so late, we ______ such large damages. Will not lose, would not have lost, did not lose, would not lose. 
2. If I ______ a lot of money I would buy a house at the seaside. Will have, had, have, had had. 
3. If I were you I ______ a contract with this firm. Would not sign, would not have signed, will not sign, will not have signed. 
4. We could have gone out if the weather ______ so bad. Were, have not been, did not be, had not been. 


7. Напишите правильный вариант притяжательного местоимения.

Пример: Where are (you) your friends now?

1. Here is a postcard from (I) ____friend Peggy.

2. She lives in Australia now with (she) ____family.

3. (She) ____husband works in Newcastle.

4. (He) ___company builds ships.
8. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Technological progress

50 years ago people didn't even heard of computers, and today we cannot imagine life without them.

Computer technology is the fastest-growing industry in the world. The first computer was the size of a minibus and weighed a ton. Today, its job can be done by a chip the size of a pin head. And the revolution is still going on.

Very soon we'll have computers that we'll wear on our wrists or even in our glasses and earrings.

The next generation of computers will be able to talk and even think for themselves. They will contain electronic "neural networks". Of course, they'll be still a lot simpler than human brains, but it will be a great step forward. Such computers will help to diagnose illnesses, find minerals, identify criminals and control space travel.

Some people say that computers are dangerous, but I don't agree with them.

They save a lot of time. They seldom make mistakes. It's much faster and easier to surf the Internet than to go to the library. On-line shopping makes it possible to find exactly what you want at the best price, saving both time and money. E-mail is a great invention, too. It's faster than sending a letter and cheaper than sending a telegram.

All in all, I strongly believe that computers are a useful tool. They have changed our life for the better. So why shouldn't we make them work to our advantage?

Вариант 6

1. Вставьте вопросительные слова: what, where or when.

1._____ does Molly get up? – At 10 o'clock.

2._____ does Molly have lunch? – At school.

3._____ does Molly read in the morning? – A book.

4._____ do Molly’s parents get home? – At 6 o'clock.

2. 
   Вставьте deep или deeply.
   

Hannah was ____________ offended by what Rick said.

There is a lot more to Greg than one would think: still waters run ____________, as they say.

If the submarine went too ________, she could be cracked like an eggshell.

Wiping the tears from her face he looked _______ into her eyes.

3. Поставьте выделенный глагол в правильную форму повелительного наклонения.

1. 
   Отправьте мне сообщение, но не звоните мне во время совещания. To send a message but not to call me during the meeting. 
   
2. 
   Эй ты, отвечай на мой вопрос немедленно! You to answer my question immediately! 
   
3. 
   Не смотри на меня так (таким образом)! Not to look at me at me like that! 
   
4. 
   Никогда не говори никогда. Never to say never. 
   

4.Вставьте соответствующие предлоги времени вместо пропусков.

1 Your parents will stay there … the performance.

2 Jack wants to go to Africa … the long cold winter.

3 You will get your invitation … noon.

4 My cousin has been working in this famous company … 2005.

5.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Future Simple Passive.

1.The mailbags (to unload) after their journey. 2.The bags (to take) to the post office. 3.The letters (to sort) into the different streets. 4.The letters (to deliver).

6. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. I fell sick. I ______ so much. Wish I had eaten, wish I had not eaten, wish I would eat, wish I eat. 
2. If I lost my job, I ______ abroad for a while. Might have gone, may go, might go, may have gone. 
3. If you had not invited me to the party, I ______ here. Would not be, would not have been, will not be, would not was. 
20. Nick would continue his education abroad, if he ______ money to pay for it. Had, have had, had had,  has. 

7. Напишите правильный вариант притяжательного местоимения.

Пример: Where are (you) your friends now?

1.(They) ____children go to school in Newcastle.

2.(I) ___husband and I want to go to Australia, too.

3.We want to see Peggy and (she) ____family next winter.

4.(We) ____winter!
8. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Technological progress and our life

People in contemporary world can hardly imagine their lives without machines. Every day either a new gadget is invented or an old one is improved. Different people appreciate new inventions differently. Some suppose that sophisticated gadgets are really useful and necessary, while others find them absolutely awful as they influence people badly. As for me, I am pretty sure that gadgets make people`s lives easier.

Firstly, they do all kinds of dirty and hard work, as cleaning. Secondly, devices can save a lot of time as well as storage space. For instance, a computer disk can contain the same amount of information as several thick books.So, machines help people in different spheres.

However, opponents of this point of view are definitely sure that gadgets affect people negatively. People are reluctant to work due to the influence of machines. People become lazy and disorganized. They just expect their latest gadgets to do everything instead of them. Moreover, according to scientists, a great number of widespread devices produce radiation that can cause serious health problems. Furthermore, more and more people are becoming addicted to their modern gadgets, for instance computers, TVs or mobile phones. So, they neglect their home obligations, work or school and spend all their spare time in front of a laptop screen or a TV-set. In conclusion, I firmly believe that in spite of all drawbacks, gadgets have, their benefits are much more considerable, as they save people`s time and let them enjoy life.

Вариант 7

1. Найдите ответ для каждого вопроса.

2. Выберите правильный вариант, прилагательное или наречие. Составьте грамматически правильные предложения.

Пример: It is clear. I see it clearly. 

1. It is (correct, correctly). 
2. Spell the word (correct, correctly). 
3. You know it (good, well). 
4. Of course it is (good, well). 

3. Поставьте выделенный глагол в правильную форму повелительного наклонения.

1. 
   Давайте поиграем в покер сегодня вечером. To let to play poker tonight. 
   
2. 
   Слушайте этого молодого человека очень внимательно. To listen to this young man very attentively. 
   
3. 
   Будь осторожен, не урони свой ноутбук. To be careful, not to drop your laptop. 
   
4. 
   Не позволяйте ей снова опаздывать. Not to let her to be late again. 
   

4.Вставьте соответствующие предлоги времени вместо пропусков.

1 Sarah will not be able to read that report … such a short break.

2 They came back to their hotel … seven o`clock p.m.

3 Gloria helped them … 06.00 a.m. that morning. –

4 He has driven … five hours.

5.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

1. My question (to answer) yesterday.

	Hockey (to play) in winter.
	3. Mushrooms (to gather) in autumn.
	4. Many houses (to burn) during the Great Fire of London.

6. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. They ______ to the party if you invited them. Would have come, would come, will come, came. 
2. Kate promised that she ______ the story word for word. Would have repeated, will repeat, 
will have repeated, would repeat.
3. In case it rains we ______ at home. Will stay, will have stayed, stayed, stay.
4. If I ______ more patient, I would not have quarreled with Diana. Will be, was, were, had been.

7. Напишите правильный вариант притяжательного местоимения.

Пример: Where are (you) your friends now?

1. This book is (you) ___

2. The ball is (I) ___

3. The blue car is (we) ___

4. The ring is (she) ____

8. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Environmental protection
The protection of nature has become one of the most burning problems of the 20th century. The Earth provides people with mineral resources, rivers, forests, fields — everythingthat makes the foundation of industrial and agricultural production. The development of industry has had a bad influence on the nature of the whole world. People often do things which pollute land and waters greatly. It is very dangerous because it damages health of the people.

The accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant in April 1986 caused radioactive contamination of a vast area around the plant. Soviet statements indicate that 31 people died as a result of the accident but the actual number of deaths caused by the radiation is still unknown. More than 100,000 Ukrainian citizens were evacuated from the city of Chernobyl and other areas around the reactor site.

Environmental protection is a great concern of the Ukrainian Government. The Ministry of Environmental Protection was founded in Ukraine. Their tasks are to control the state of the environment and sources of pollution, to protect the water resources of Ukraine, to extend the network of nature reserves and to maintain co-operation with international ecological organizations.

Campaign for environmental protection is supported by public organizations and individuals. The Ukrainian Green Party is very active today. “Zeleny Svit” is the Ukrainian ecological newspaper. It calls on people to protect the natural wealth and to use it in a more careful and economical manner for the benefit of the present and future generations.
Вариант 8

1. Найдите ответ для каждого вопроса.

1.      Where?

2.      When?

3.      Why?

e)      At school

f)       Because it's late

a)      Today

2. 
   Выберите правильный вариант, прилагательное или наречие. Составьте грамматически правильные предложения.
   

Пример: It is clear. I see it clearly. 

1.It is (cold, coldly) in the room. 
2. Don’t look so (cold, coldly) at me. 
3. It is (easy, easily). 
4. I can do it (easy, easily). 

3.Поставьте глаголы в скобках в повелительное наклонение, не забудьте про отцание.

upstairs. (to go), in this lake. (not/to swim), your homework. (to do), football in the yard. (not/to play)

4. Вставьте предлоги on, in или into.

1. There are many people ... the park today. 2. There is a girl standing ... the bridge. Why is she crying? — She has dropped her doll ... the water. 3. There is no tea ... my cup. 4. Pour some tea ... my cup.

5.Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Present, Past или Future Simple Passive.

	1. His new book (to finish) next year.
	2. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets.
	3. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703.
	4. Bread (to eat) every day.

6. Выберите правильный вариант.

1. Whichever attraction you decide to visit you ______ sure of an excellent day out. Can be, will be able, would be able, will be. 

2. If Tom got an invitation to the wedding, he ______ a holiday to attend this event. Would have taken, would take, takes, will take.

3. If I had read all my notes, I ______ any problems at the exam. Will not have, had would not have, would not have had, would not have been had. 

12. If we received a letter of warning concerning a delay of payment in proper time, we ______ to your bank account 1000$. Would send, would have sent, will send, will have sent.

7. Напишите правильный вариант притяжательного местоимения.

Пример: Where are (you) your friends now?

1. We met Paul and Jane last night. This house is (they) ___

2. The luggage is (he) ___

3. The pictures are (she) ____

4. In our garden is a bird. The nest is (it) ___
8. Переведите текст на русский язык.

Protect environment

People have always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was not such a serious problem. People lived in uncrowded rural areas and did not have pollution — causing machines. With the development of crowded industrial cities which put huge amounts of pollutants into small areas, the problem has become more important.

Automobiles and other new inventions make pollution steadily worse. Since the late 1960's people have become alarmed with the danger of pollution.

Air, water, and soil are necessary for existence of all living things. But polluted air can cause illness, and even death. Polluted water kills fish and other marine life. On polluted soil, food can not be grown. In addition environmental pollution spoils the natural beauty of our planet.

Pollution is as complicated as serious problem. Automobiles are polluting the air but they provide transportation for the people. Factories pollute the air and the water but they provide jobs for people and produce necessary goods. Fertilizers and pesticides are important for growing crops but they can ruin soil.

Thus, people would have to stop using many useful things if they wanted to end pollution immediately. Most people do not want that of course. But pollution can be reduced gradually.

Scientists and engineers can find the ways to reduce pollution from automobiles and factories. Government can pass the laws that would make enterprises take measures for reducing of pollution. Individuals and groups of people can work together to persuade enterprises to stop polluting activities.