V. Прочтите 6-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ.
Why did the natives of Urengoi call it a dead site?
... because nobody lived there.
... because there were no trees and plants there.
... because of severe natural conditions.
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).
We know the Soviet Union to increase the output of power by erecting huge hydro-electric power-stations.
The plant is expected to manufacture new trucks next year.
The engineer is known to have made the experiment with these substances.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).
The article deals with microwaves, particular attention being paid to radiolocation.
Technique having reached a high stage of development, new methods of work became possible.
Having discovered rich deposits of iron ore the people began to construct an iron and steel works in this district.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия (см. образец выполнения 3).
Provided the geologists used the necessary instruments, the measurement would be correct.
If the operator's cabin had been equipped with remote control (дистанционное управление) he would have been able to work faster and with greater precision.
IV. Прочтите и устно Переведите на русский язык 1—4 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—4 абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
switchover — переключатель
via —через
conventional — общепринятый, общего типа, серийный
redundant — чрезмерный, избыточный, статически неопределимый
COMMUNICATIONS THROUGH LIGHT CONDUCTORS
Physicists and chemists developed the technology for making fibre glass light conductors, the semiconductor, light sources and receivers, and the ways of injecting light into the conductors. Radio specialists developed very sound methods of introducing information into the light beam, and of transforming light signals into electric ones.
The electronic equipment used in modern cable communications lines enables the switchover to transmit information via light conducting cables to be done comparatively easily. For example, to turn a conventional cable TV system into a light conducting system, all that has to be done is to replace the coaxial copper cable with a light conducting cable and make slight adjustment in the transmitting and receiving equipment. At the transmission end, the electrical signal has to be transformed into a light signal and the process reversed in the receiver.
In outward appearance, a light conducting cable is not different from a conventional cable with a polymer coating. But their cross sections are different. First, there are no metal screens in the light conducting cable. They are redundant, because light conductors are not afraid of electromagnetic interference. Inside the cable are from two to several dozen very thin glass fibres. Each can transmit fantastic volumes of information - dozens of TV programmes and thousands of. Telephone conversations.
4. And the intervals between the electronic signal regenerators can be increased up to 50-100 km instead of 1.5-5 km with copper cables. This considerably reduces the number of signal regenerators, makes the building and exploiting of communications lines cheaper and simpler, and cuts the mass of cables by over 90 per cent.
5. Quartz filaments of exceptionally high transparency have been developed in the USSR. Light can travel three kms over them without loosing even half of' its intensity. The signals can be transmitted via these conductors to distances of up to 30 km practically without distortions.
V. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ.
What is one of the main advantages of light conductors?
The light conductors can be done comparatively easily.
They are light.
The signals can be transmitted through them to great distances without distortions.
ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).
We know a laser to be a device that stimulates the electrons of a light-producing material to vibrate simultaneously giving off a light with tremendous energy.
Lasers are known to have found an application in the printing industry.
Light waves are now believed to be due to the motions of electrons themselves within the atoms.
Chemical investigations have shown each element to combine with another only in definite proportions.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).
The first laser having been built scientists found many ways to use it
Having developed quantum generators called lasers, scientists are looking for practical use for a new kind of ray which is millions of times brighter than the Sun.
Semiconductor lasers are able to transform electric energy directly into light wave energy, this property of semiconductor lasers opening up new possibilities of producing extremely economical sources of light.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия (см. образец выполнения 3).
If the scientists applied the new method they would get a different result
Had the checking up of the experimental data not taken so much time, we should have completed our work long ago.
IV. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык 1—5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—5 абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
power plant — силовая установка
power — власть; энергия, сила
NORTHERN SEA ROUTE
For many years of the Soviet Polar Region, the Northern Sea Route, along which the bulk cargoes essential for the developing industry of the region are conveyed, is the only transport artery.
2. In his message to those taking part in the "Arktika" atomic icebreaker's voyage to the North Pole, Leonid Brezhnev called this route the Soviet Union's national transport trunk-road. The "Arktika" is a twin of the equally powerful "Sibir" icebreaker. Both ships are equipped with power plants' having a capacity of 75,000 h.p.; their displacement is equal to 23,460 tons and they have a maximum speed of 21 knots.
The searches for a route to the East via the Arctic started way back in the epoch of great geographic discoveries. From the early years of Soviet power, the USSR began to investigate possibilities of mastering the Northern Sea Route.
Today the efforts have been crowned with success. In 1978, the Western section of the route was opened with the initiation of Murmansk - Dudinka run, which operates throughout the year. By the beginning of the year alone, more than 80,000 tons of cargo had been conveyed to Dudinka for onward dispatch to Norilsk.
Today's task is to make the Northern Sea Route navigable throughout the year along its entire length.
The "Arktika" and "Sibir" icebreakers can cut through heavy ice, and are able to manoeuvre in complicated ice conditions. Before the appearance of the atomic icebreaker fleet in 1959, navigators only dared to penetrate to these northern latitudes in the height of summer. The new icebreakers have made it possible to considerably prolong the navigation period in this area.
V. Прочтите 6-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ.
What have the "Arktika" and "Sibir" icebreakers made possible in Soviet Polar region?
They have made it possible to carry more cargoes.
They have made it possible to investigate the Northern Sea Route.
3. They have made it possible to considerably prolong the navigation period in this area.
ВАРИАНТ 4
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).
The application of plastics enables the railway to receive light and strong cars with good resistance to mechanical damage.
We heard the operation experts demand the reduction of the overall weight of vehicles (транспортные средства).
This type of engine is said to have some advantages.
4. Plastics used in transport are supposed to have no special reinforcement (арматура).
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).
Zinc being the cheapest metal with a strong tendency to lose electrons, we commonly use it for the production of electric current.
Electrical machines perform a giant's share of the work done today, this share steadily increasing.
3. Having obtained new devices, the researchers could make complex experiments.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие сложные предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия (см. образец выполнения 3).
If somebody wants to design a car of the advanced type, he must take into account the properties of some of the new materials.
If the electric car were used instead of the conventional car, we should have simple and reliable design, minimal maintenance and repair costs, good manoeuvrability in traffic, no exhaust fumes and less noise.
 3. Had there been better conditions, the construction of the new car body would have been finished much earlier.
IV. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык 1—6 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—6 абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
milestone— веха
roll off - сходить (с конвейера)
on the eve — накануне
sun-scorched — опаленная солнцем
carrying capacity — грузоподъемность
KAMAZ AUTO PLANT - 150,000 TRUCKS A YEAR
February 1971. 1976 and 1981 are milestones1 in the history of the Soviet giant track factory on the Kama River, called KAMAZ.
In February 1971 the area was a wasteland, and construction was just beginning. But five years later, the first tracks rolled off the assembly line, the first of those 200,000 manufactured during the past five-year period.
On the eve of the 26th CPSU Congress, the second part of the plant went into operation: 240 heavy-duty tracks come off the new line every day. KAMAZ has reached its planned capacity of 150,000 tracks a year. An additional quarter of a million engines will also be manufactured annually.
Five years have gone by since the day the first KAMAZ track appeared on the road. Today they can be found in the Extreme North and the sun-scorched Central Asian Republics. During the time 20,000 KAMAZ tracks have been exported.
At international exhibitions where the new Soviet track was shown, leading experts in the automobile industry had excellent words for it. The track is multipurpose: equally at home in agriculture, building projects, and long-distance shipping. It is fast, light and economical.
Naberezhniye Chelny, where the plant is situated, has a population of over 300,000. The average age is 27. All young generations want to do something important. In the 1970s, it was KAMAZ.
The opening of the second part of the plant is an important event for the entire country, as now the carrying capacity5 of Soviet tracks will increase by 50 per cent. Moreover, extensive use of diesel-engine tracks will save over ten million tons of fuel a year, and the exhaust is less toxic.
V. Прочтите 7-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ.
Why is the opening of the second part of KAMAZ an important event for the entire country?
... because more tracks will be manufactured.
... because the carrying capacity of Soviet tracks will increase by 50 per cent
... because the tracks will be faster and lighter.
ВАРИАНТ 5
I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, Принимая во внимание, что объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты большей частью соответствуют придаточным предложениям (см. образец выполнения 1).
Automation is known to have speed up both the development of rocket
production and that of nuclear industry.
The new system of automatic control is likely to be used at this plant.
We know the existence of life on the Earth to depend upon the continuous
receipt of enormous quantities of energy from the Sun.
4. In recent years we have seen great progress take place in space research.
II. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, учитывая различия в переводе зависимого и независимого причастных оборотов (см. образец выполнения 2).
Automation having been firmly established in space research, our spaceships employ automatic instruments in the study of cosmic space.
Having made many observations during their flights, cosmonauts successfully fulfilled their programme.
Space research is being developed rapidly in our country, automation being widely used in space research.
III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, содержащие придаточные предложения условия (см. образец выполнения 3).
Were this article on radio-electronics we should read it without dictionary.
It would have been impossible to launch space rockets, if we had not had the necessary polymeric materials and synthetic fuels.
IV. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык 1—4 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—4 абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
girdle — опоясывать
UN (United Nations) — Объединенные Нации
alone —только
OUTER SPACE AS AN AREA OF COOPERATION
Space explorations was discussed at the 26th CPSU Congress as one of the global problems that concerns all the mankind. International sputniks and research rockets are launched systematically, the Earth is girdled' by an international space system which fulfils economic tasks and interstate and public space organizations are operating in the international arena.
During the international flights the cosmonauts tested methods and means of studying the Earth from space, tested the processes of obtaining, in a state of weightlessness, materials with new or improved properties, and did medicobiological and physical research. Instruments and devices, developed by specialists of different countries either individually or jointly, were used for this purpose.
At present the Interkosmos programme participants' new plans are being fulfilled. A transfer is now effected from separate, episodic experiments to the development of purpose-oriented, long-term plans of cooperation in all the five areas of the Interkosmos programme: space physics, space meteorology, space communications, space biology and medicine and the study of the Earth from outer space.
4. The 2nd UN Conference on the Exploration and Peaceful Uses of Outer Space will convene in Austria this year, which will sum up the results of the work that has been done. It will also determine the quickest and most effective ways to use the achievements of space science and technology for boosting the economy of all states. Outer space should be used more actively for peace on Earth and promoting the well-being of nations.
5. International space flights developed into an important event in world cosmonautics. It was noted in Leonid Brezhnev's report at the 26th CPSU Congress that the range of our cooperation extends to more and more spheres. Cosmonauts of the fraternal countries are not working for science and the national economy alone. They are also performing a tremendously important political mission. |
