Контрольное задание №1 Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику

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Название	Контрольное задание №1 Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику
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Тип	Учебник

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V. Прочтите 4-й и 5-й абзацы текста и дайте ответ письменно на следующий вопрос:

Why can we say that Tsiolkovsky's dream (мечта) that "mankind will not remain tied to earth forever" is now a reality?
ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. The special application of light has led to the development of lasers and

masers.

The scientists are working on an interesting problem for obtaining power

from atom.

We solved this problem with the help of computers.

б) 1. The delegation of foreign specialists was shown the new electronics

equipment.

They will be given new interesting data by the end of the month.
The parts of this device are acted upon by more than two forces.

II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle I и Participle II и установите функции каждого из них, т. е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.

All objects surrounding us are composed of different substances.
If produced by friction heat is usually considered as useless work.
Passing through the air alpha-particles ionize it.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. Polymers can be used for making different things.

2. They will be able to improve the experimental conditions in their laboratory.

The mixture is to be heated before the experiment
The laboratory assistant had to alter the experimental conditions.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста.
Пояснения к тексту
the concretization — (зд.) воплощение

to outstrip his day — опережать -свое время

gifts — (зд.) одаренность, способности

in resolving — в решении

boldness of ... vision - смелость ... предвидения
SERGEI KOROLYOV (1906-1966)

Korolyov's biography is the concretization of the history of our land in one man. And at the same time he was always a little ahead, he was outstripping his day and outstripped it during all his life.
The name of Sergei Korolyov will forever be associated with one of the greatest achievements of science and technology of all times - the dawn of the age of space exploration by man. He was a leading designer of rocket and space systems.
Korolyov's devotion to his work, unusual gifts as a scientist and designer, his energy and outstanding organizational abilities played a major role in resolving the complex scientific and technical problems that stood in the path of development of rocket and space technology. He possessed enormous talent and boldness of scientific and engineering vision and this contributed to the realization of the most complicated scientific and technological projects.
Many of Academician Korolyov's ideas were widely applied and extended in rocket and space engineering. He trained many scientists and engineers who are working today in various scientific and design organizations.
All his life Korolyov was working and devoted his whole life to selfless service to his homeland, to the development of an advanced science and technology.

V. Прочтите 4-й и 5-й абзацы текста и дайте ответ письменно на следующий вопрос:

What did Sergei Korolyov devote his whole life to?
ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите следующие предложения; подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. Industry has developed various applications for the electromagnet.

Newton has established his law of gravitation before 1670.
The application of electronics changes the entire life of the people.

б) 1. They will be given the new data of the experiment.

The speaker was asked a number of difficult questions.
Today polymers are referred to as materials of vital importance.

The forces acting between atoms within a molecule are very great.
When placed in a strong magnetic field iron becomes magnetized.
Heat produced from electrical energy heats our homes.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент; предложения переведите на русский язык.

Nobody will be able to measure the density of this substance without a special device.
In our experiments the initial substances must be chemically pure.

3. The aim of the study is to provide definite results as soon as possible.

4. The force acting upon the body had to be determined.
IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста.
Пояснения к тексту
a matter of time — дело времени

before men were placed in... когда люди будут летать на...

to undergo training — проходить подготовку

the first man to fly— первый человек, который полетел

a. m. (ante meridiem - лат.) — до полудня

a vocational school — (зд.) ремесленное училище

a test pilot — летчик-испытатель

in training — для подготовки

and it was upon him that... и именно на него....
YURY GAGARIN (1934-1968)

1. In the 1960s satellites were travelling at high speeds around the Earth. It was only a matter of time before men were placed in them. In the Soviet Union and in the United States men were undergoing training for this purpose. They were called cosmonauts in the Soviet Union and astronauts in the United States.

The first man to fly⁴ into space was a Soviet man, Yury Gagarin. On Wednesday, April 12, 1961 at 9.07. a.m. Moscow Time, the sputnik-spaceship "Vostok" was launched info space with a man on board. This man was the first cosmonaut, Yury Gagarin.
Yury Gagarin, the son of a carpenter, was born near Gshatsk (now Gagarin), Smolensk region on the 9th of March, 1934. His early education was interrupted by the war. After the war he attended a vocational school⁶ and then a technical industrial school. His interest in flying led him to the Orenburg Flying school from which he graduated with honours as an airforce lieutenant in 1957. After serving as a test pilot, he joined the group of cosmonauts in training for orbital flight and it was upon him that the choice fell in 1961.
On April 12, 1961, Gagarin became the first man placed in orbit about the Earth. He remained in orbit 1 hour and 48 minutes, rising as high above the surface as 187, 66 miles and travelling at a velocity that reached 17,400 miles an hour. So on April, 1961, mankind entered a new era - the era of mastering space age.
Yury Gagarin died, tragically, in an airplane crash near Kirzhach on the 27^th of March, 1968.

V. Прочтите 4-й абзац текста и дайте письменно ответ на следующий вопрос:

What new era did mankind enter on April 12, 1961?
ВАРИАНТ 4
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. We often use plastics nowdays.

Scientists have found ways of measuring the sizes and positions of bodies

in the Universe.

Scientists had solved many interesting problems by the end of the 19th

century.

б) 1. Iron is referred to as the most important metal of our metallic age.

2. The name electron was given to the small negative particle discovered by

Thomson.

3. The ignition was followed by combustion.
II. Перепишите следующие предложения. Подчеркните Participle II и установите его функцию, т. е. укажите, является ли оно определением, обстоятельством или частью глагола-сказуемого; предложения переведите на русский язык.
1. When electrified a body may repel as well as attract different objects.

Heat gained by one substance is heat lost by another.
Another method to produce high-energy particles is based on superconductivity.

Infra-red waves can be stopped by glass.
Soon we shall be able to understand many phenomena which occur on the solar surface.
Today the scientists have to concentrate their attention on the production of artificial materials.
The samples are to be analysed at our laboratory.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык 1, 3, 4 и 5-й абзацы текста.
Пояснения к тексту
to set foot upon — ступить на

when a Captain... — когда некий капитан

joined NASA - поступил (был принят) в НАСА (NASA - National Aeronautics and space Administration — Национальный комитет по аэронавтике и исследованию космического пространства)

the climax — (зд.) самый ответственный момент

to the very surface — на самую поверхность

a human being — человек, человеческое существо
NEIL ARMSTRONG

Neil Armstrong, an American astronaut, is the first man in history to set foot upon the surface of the Moon. He was born in the town of Wapakoneta, Ohio, on the 5th of August, 1930. The Armstrong branch of the family was Scots-Irish and its origins can be traced back seven generations to the early 1800's when a Captain John Armstrong² settled on land in Ohio.
It was Neil's father who took him for his first airplane ride, when he was six years old. By the time Neil was nine, he was building model airplanes.

He obtained pilot's licence at the age of 16. At the age of twenty he was assigned to a West Coast jet squadron.

After he had graduated from the University in 1955, he joined NASA and was one of the test pilots of the X-15 rocket plane, flying that aircraft to over 200,000 feet and approximately 4,000 miles per hour.
In 1962 he became an astronaut and in 1966 he was command pilot of "Gemini 8" when he performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space.
The climax of his life, however, came in 1969, when as commander of the "Apollo 11" spacecraft, he and Edwin Aldrin took the lunar module down to the very surface of the Moon. Armstrong was then the first human being in history to set foot upon the very surface of the Moon.
He said, "That is one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." After the successful fulfilment of the program the "Apollo 11" spacecraft returned to the Earth.

Since 1972 Neil Armstrong has been University Professor of Cincinnati.
V. Прочтите 6-й абзац и дайте письменно ответ на следующий вопрос:

What did Armstrong say when he set foot upon the surface of the Moon?
ВАРИАНТ 5
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык. В разделе (б) обратите внимание на особенности перевода пассивных конструкций.
а) 1. There are many properties that man has found useful in his application of

electromagnetic waves.

The flow of electrons in one direction results in an electric current.
The energy sources of the world are decreasing while the energy needs of

the world are increasing.

б) 1. The isotopes of the element hydrogen were given individual names.

Electronics is usually thought of as that part of electricity which deals with vacuum tubes and transistors.
The behaviour of metals is greatly affected by the changes in temperature.

The Celsius scale (шкала Цельсия) is the scale used in most scientific experiments.
When heated to a certain temperature, water increases in volume.
Testing the operation of the system, engineers used different kinds of equipment.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент и переведите предложения на русский язык.

Artificial light can be produced in» several ways.
You will be able to explain the disagreement between the results.
The old machines in this shop are to be replaced by next year.
The defects in this metal construction had to be detected by means of X-ray examination.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык 1, 3 и 4-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
to give an impetus — значительно ускорить

reinforced concrete — железобетон

C.A.H.I. - ЦАГИ

of the front rank — выдающийся

to take the lead — сделать что-либо первым
MSTISLAV KELDYSH (1911-1978)

Mstislav Keldysh was a distinguished physicist and mathematician. He was recognized in the Soviet Union as a leading authority on space mathematics and aerodynamics, as a brilliant scientific organizer. As head of a research institute during the 1940's he took a leading role in giving an impetus' to Soviet rocket development.
Mstislav Vsevolodovich Keldysh was born into an intellectually prominent family on February 10, 1911 in Riga. His father, V. M. Keldysh, a civil engineer, is noted for his work in the development of reinforced concrete.
Following his graduation from the Moscow University in 1933 M. Keldysh joined the staff of the Central-Aero-Hydrodynamics Research Institute (C.A.H.I.), the major aircraft development centre in the Soviet Union. During the early years of the 1940's he concentrated on studies in the field of aerohydrodynamics. His studies provided the foundation on which the Soviet Union built its rocket and missile programs achieving success with the satellite Sputnik in December, 1957.
M. Keldysh is also regarded as a mathematician of the front rank4. Many mathematical techniques that he devised have proved their practical significance when applied to problems in physics and engineering.
In a more practical area M. Keldysh took the lead5 in introducing into the Soviet Union the concepts of computer mathematics, computer engineering, and some aspects of automatic control.

6. M. Keldysh was President of Soviet Academy of Sciences from 1961 to 1975. He died on June 24, 1978. M. Keldysh played fundamental roles in development of country's nuclear, computer and aerospace technologies.

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Контрольное задание №1 Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику

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