Контрольное задание №1 Для того чтобы правильно выполнить задание №1, необходимо усвоить следующие разделы курса английского языка по рекомендованному учебнику

Образец выполнения 2 (к упр. II)

Образец выполнения 3 (к упр. IV)

ВАРИАНТ 1
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   When the work had been completed the results were published in the magazine.
   
2. 
   When the experiment was being made everybody was watching it with great interest
   
3. 
   A great deal of research work was done at this institute.
   

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.
1. It was noisy in the hall as the students were talking about their summer holidays.

2. 
   Last year the number of tourists to the Caucasus exceeded that of the previous one.
   

2. 
   One must know traffic rules if one wants to drive a car safely.
   

III. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. 
   I have to translate the text but I have no dictionary.
   
2. 
   The students usually do not do anything on the day after the exam.
   
3. 
   He was only 12 when his family moved to Moscow.
   
4. 
   Professor N. was to deliver a lecture on history at the club.
   

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. 
   I think his work will be completed by the end of the next month.
   
2. 
   The desks we sit at are made of wood.
   

V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

1. 
   Let us speak about our plans for the future.
   
2. 
   Let our monitor give the teacher the list of our group.
   

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.

1. 
   Before writing our test we learn the necessary grammar material.
   
2. 
   Speaking about his new invention the young engineer told us many interesting
   things.
   
3. 
   To build new electric stations is to develop our industry.
   

VII. Прочтите и устно переведите на русский язык 1—5 абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—4 абзацы.


Пояснения к тексту
the internal combustion engine — двигатель внутреннего сгорания

to look for — искать

exhaust fumes — выхлопные газы

to take over — сменять, приходить на смену
THE CAR OF THE FUTURE

1. 
   In the near future most cars will use the internal combustion engine1 and burn petrol. At the present rate of production oil supplies will run out in about fifty years, and we will have to look for2 other sources of energy. That is one of the most important aspects of the problem and another is the damage that exhaust fumes3 do to the environment and health of the people, especially in towns.
   
2. 
   What kind of vehicle will eventually take over? At present there is a lot of talk about electric cars, for they have the advantage of giving off no exhaust fumes. The electric car has a long history. The first cars were built at the end of the last century but they could not compete against the internal combustion engine.
   
3. 
   They have several disadvantages. First, we have no really suitable batteries - they tend to be too heavy, take a long time to charge, have too small capacity and a relatively short life.
   
4. 
   So scientists and engineers are looking for better storage batteries or cells, and ways of using energy more economically and recharging batteries during deceleration.
   

5. Car manufacturers are looking for other energy and fuel sources. In Moscow there are more than a thousand lorries using liquid gas cylinders instead of petrol tanks. Prototypes of liquid gas buses and taxies have already been made.

6. 
   The Soviet Union, the United States, West Germany and Japan are all working on hydrogen engines.
   
7. 
   Some specialists even think that hydrogen will be the main source of
   energy for internal combustion engines by the end of the century.
   

VIII. Прочтите 5, 6 и 7-й абзацы текста и вопрос к ним. Из предложенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What will be used instead of petrol in the car of the future?

1. 
   Atomic energy will be used instead of petrol in the car of the future.
   
2. 
   Hydrogen will be used instead of petrol in the car of the future.
   
3. 
   Internal combustion engines will be used in the car of the future.
   

ВАРИАНТ 2
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   After the lecture had been delivered we asked many questions, and the lecturer answered them.
   
2. 
   Many specialists are trained for the national economy.
   
3. 
   These students will be sent to Moscow to take part in the conference.
   

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. 
   The crowd came close to the speaker, as it was interested in the theme of his speech.
   
2. 
   One must choose a profession which one likes.
   
3. 
   My room is very light, that of my brother is not so light, but it is large.
   

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. 
   The examination paper had, to contain not less than ten grammar exercises.
   
2. 
   This book does not give any information on the history of chemistry.
   
3. 
   I have been to Kiev this summer.
   
4. 
   A new pumping-station is to be set up in this cotton-growing area.
   

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. 
   The X-rays passed through all the objects Roentgen placed in their way.
   
2. 
   The young engineer knows the professor will give him some valuable advice.
   

V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

1. 
   Let the water boil.
   
2. 
   Let us translate this article without a dictionary.
   

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.

1. 
   Не was informed about their coming to Moscow.
   
2. 
   While building the bridge the workers used new materials.
   
3. 
   To study geometry means to train logical thinking.
   

VII. Прочтите и устно переведите 1, 2, 3 и 4-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1—3 абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
sun-scorched — обожженные солнцем

permafrost — вечная мерзлота

implies — предусматривает

meet the requirements — отвечать требованиям

manpower — людские ресурсы

assets — производственные фонды

guidelines — основные направления

to take into account — принимать во внимание
A UNIFIED TRANSPORT SYSTEM

1. 
   Probably no other country has to solve such complex transport problems as the Soviet Union which occupies one-sixth of the globe's land surface. Its territory incorporates sun-scorched deserts and boundless tundra, high mountain ranges and impassable swamps, taiga forests, and turbulent rivers, permafrost areas and highly seismic zones. Some of the economic areas are separated by distances unparalleled in any other country. Linking them up is the country's unified transport system.
   
2. 
   When we speak about the unified transport system we mean the economically, technologically and technically balanced totality of all types of transport - railway, sea, automobile, river, pipeline and air transport, and city and local factory transport.
   
3. 
   The balanced nature of the system implies that each type of transport is used where it is most effective, and that all of them together fully meet the constantly changing transport requirements4 of the people and the national economy.
   
4. 
   Our transport network is really enormous. It accounts for almost one-tenth of the capital investments in the national economy, for approximately the same share of our total manpower, and for one-fifth of the country's production assets.
   
5. 
   This huge scope of work made it necessary to have several ministries responsible for transport. But they all get their guidelines from a single nation wide plan which takes into account both the requirements of society and the technical and economic possibilities. This is true of the country as a whole and of individual economic areas, republics, regions, etc.
   

VIII. Прочтите 5-й абзац текста и вопрос к нему. Из приведенных вариантов ответа укажите номер предложения, содержащего правильный ответ на поставленный вопрос.
What made it necessary to have several ministries responsible for transport?

1. 
   The development of transport made it necessary to have several ministries responsible for transport.
   
2. 
   The economic development made it necessary to have several ministries responsible for transport.
   
3. 
   This huge scope of work made it necessary to have several ministries responsible for transport.
   

ВАРИАНТ 3
I. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого (см. образец). Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   The construction of the oil centre began after the plan had been adopted.
   
2. 
   These text-books on chemistry were printed in our printshop.
   
3. 
   A chain of thermal and atomic plants is built in the USSR.
   

II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на разные значения слов it, that, one.

1. 
   A barometer is an instrument that measures air pressure.
   
2. 
   As the experiment was very interesting many people watched it.
   
3. 
   One can easily forget foreign words that one does not use every day.
   

III. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1. 
   Every candidate to the institute has to take four exams.
   

2. We did not know any student in that group.

3. 
   Soviet youths have every opportunity to get a good education.
   
4. 
   This new school building was to be ready last month.
   

IV. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение.

1. 
   The invention I want to speak about is of great importance for our plant.
   
2. 
   The ancient people believed the Sun was moving round the Earth.
   

V. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

1. 
   Let the scientists improve this method of work.
   
2. 
   Let me do this work without anybody's help.
   

VI. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложении.

1. 
   The teacher told her pupils to learn the poem by heart.
   
2. 
   The student translating the article came across many difficulties.
   
3. 
   Translating the text he used a dictionary.
   

VII. Прочтите и устно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2 и 3-й абзацы.
Пояснения к тексту
environment — окружающая среда

violating — нарушение

nature conservation — охрана природы
THE ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS OF BIG CITIES

1. 
   The USSR can be called the country of big cities. There are twice as many cities with over a million people than a decade ago. The population of these more than 20 cities exceeds 36,500,000 and equals one-seventh of the country's total population. During the next years several more rapidly expanding cities will pass the million mark.
   
2. 
   So the problem of an ecologically balanced urban environment is becoming extremely topical. The Soviet Union is optimistic about the possibility of providing a positive natural environment and is dealing seriously with the emerging problems. Legislation regulating the contacts of individuals, industry and transport with nature has been very helpful.
   
3. 
   In the 1970s several laws, were passed in the USSR protecting the water resources, forests arid the atmosphere and decrees were issued establishing the measure of responsibility for violating these laws. A special ministry - the State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control – was established. Nature conservation3 has become an element of the state economic and social development plans.
   
4. 
   Measures to keep air and water clean are an equally important component of the ecological programme. Keeping the air and water clean is not enough to make all big cities in the country a good place to live. Cities have to be built in a way that people and the natural environment can coexist in perfect harmony and nature will not be damaged.