English for computing Часть 1 Учебное пособие
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WHAT CAN COMPUTERS DO? to encounter - встречаться, сталкиваться to spring to life - появляться miraculous - чудный appropriate - соответствующий, подходящий gadget – приспособление, устройство, техническая новинка, полезная мелочь ignition – воспламенение, зажигание, прокаливание Computers and microchips have become part of our everyday lives: we visit shops and offices which have been designed with the help of computers, we read magazines which have been produced on computer, and we pay bills prepared by computers. Just picking up a telephone and dialing a number involves the use of a sophisticated computer system, as does making a flight reservation or bank transaction. We encounter daily many computers that spring to life the instant they’re switched on (e.g. calculators, the car’s electronic ignition, the timer in the microwave, or the programmer inside the TV set), all of which use chip technology. What makes computer such a miraculous device? Each time you turn it on, it is a tabula rasa that, with appropriate hardware and software, is capable of doing anything you ask. It is a calculating machine that speeds up financial calculations. It is an electronic filing cabinet which manages large collections of data such as customers’ lists, accounts, or inventories. It is a magical typewriter that allows you to type and print any kind of document – letters, memos or legal documents. It is a personal communicator that enables you to interact with other computers and with people around the world. If you like gadgets and electronic entertainment, you can even use your PC to relax with computer games. 22. Read the translation of the third paragraph given below. Compare it with the original and say if everything is right. Что делает компьютер таким чудесным устройством? Общеизвестно, что каждый раз как вы включаете компьютер с соответствующим оборудованием и мягким обеспечением, вы можете выполнить все, что ни попросите. Это калькулятор, который ускоряет финансовые расчеты. Это кабинет, заполненный электроникой, которая управляет большим количеством данных, таких как списки покупателей, счета или изобретения. Это магическая печатная машинка, которая позволяет вам напечатать любой документ - письма, заметки или юридические документы. 23. Find the answers to these questions in the text. 1. Name some types of devices that use “computers on a chip”. 2. What uses of handheld computers are mentioned in the text? 3. What are the benefits of using computers with the following items? a) Security systems b) Cars c) Phones 4. What smart devices are mentioned in the text? 5. What are smart cards used for? 6. What are the advantages of multimedia? 7. What can medical expert systems do? 8. How can computers help the disabled? 9. What types of computing systems are made available to people in remote locations using electronic classrooms or boardrooms? 10. What aspects of computing can people power determine? TEXT 1C COMPUTERS MAKE THE WORLD SMALLER AND SMARTER The ability of tiny computing devices to control complex operations has transformed the way many tasks are performed, ranging from scientific research to producing consumer products. Tiny “computers on a chip” are used in medical equipment, home appliances, cars and toys. Workers use handheld computing devices to collect data at a customer site, to generate forms, to control inventory, and to serve as desktop organisers. Not only computing equipment getting smaller, it is getting more sophisticated. Computers are part of many machines and devices that once required continual human supervision and control. Today, computers in security systems result in safer environments, computers in cars improve energy efficiency, and computers in phones provide features such as call forwarding, call monitoring, and call answering. These smart machines are designed to take over some of the basic tasks previously performed by people; by so doing, they make life a little easier and a little more pleasant. Smart cards store vital information such as health records, drivers’ licenses, bank balances, and so on. Smart phones, cars, and appliances with built in computers can be programmed to better meet individual needs. A smart house has a built-in monitoring system that can turn lights on and off, open and close windows, operate the oven, and more. With small computing devices available for performing smart tasks like cooking dinner, programming the VCR, and controlling the flow of information in an organization, people are able to spend more time doing what they often do best - being creative. Computers can help people work more creatively. Multimedia systems are known for their educational and entertainment value, which we call “edutainment”. Multimedia combines text with sound, video, animation, and graphics, which greatly enhances the interaction between user and machine and can make information more interesting and appealing to people. Expert systems software enables computers to “think” like experts. Medical diagnosis expert systems, for example, can help doctors pinpoint a patient's illness, suggest further tests, and prescribe appropriate drugs. Connectivity enables computers and software that might otherwise be incompatible to communicate and to share resources. Now that computers are proliferating in many areas and networks are available for people to access data and communicate with others, so personal computers are becoming interpersonal PCs. They have the potential to significantly improve the way we relate to each other. Many people today telecommute - that is, use their computers to stay in touch with the office while they are working at home. With the proper tools, hospital staff can get a diagnosis from a medical expert hundreds or thousands of miles away. Similarly, the disabled can communicate more effectively with others using computers. Distance learning and videoconferencing are concepts made possible with the use of an electronic classroom or boardroom accessible to people in remote locations. Vast databases of information are currently available to users of the Internet, all of whom can send mail messages to each other. The information superhighway is designed to significantly expand this interactive connectivity so that people all over the world will have free access to all these resources. People power is critical to ensuring that hardware, software, and connectivity are effectively integrated in a socially responsible as way. People - computer users and computer professionals - are the ones who will decide which hardware, software, and networks endure and how great an impact they will have on our lives. Ultimately people power so must be exercised to ensure that computers are used not only efficiently but in a socially responsible way. 24. Reread the text to find the answers to these questions: a) Match the terms in Table A with the statements in Table B.
b) Mark the following statements as True or False:
Oral Practice 25. Put the sentences in the right order. 1. make, or, reservation, transaction, a flight, computers, bank. 2. calculations, speed up, computers, financial. 3. on, produced, read, been, which, magazines, have, we, computer. 4. to interact, computer, people, enables, other, you, around, with, and, computers, with, the, world. 5. pay, bills, by, prepared, we, computers. 6. designed, been, we, shops, visit, and, computers, of, offices, which, have, with, the, help. 7. the, with, type, computer, of, the, you, can, and, help, any, of, print, document, kind. 8. PC, you, games, can, to, use, computer, your, relax, with. 26. Give definitions to the following words and expressions: science, knowledge, computer-aided-design, computer-aided-manufacturing. 27. Questions for group discussion: 1. Why is the computer science so important in our life nowadays? 2. What problems can computer science solve? 3. What operations can computer perform? 4. Today, the number of jobs that are related to the use of computers or the maintenance of computers is growing steadily. Describe four different computer-related jobs and the skills these jobs require. Listening Practice 28. Listen to the text and make a list of at least seven tasks done by robots and androids. 29. Refer to the text to find the terms for these definitions.
UNIT 2 COMPUTERS AND SOCIETY Unit 2 focuses your attention on the way computers are used throughout society and how they are affecting our lives. It points out how computers are being utilized in almost every aspect of our lives. In this chapter, you will learn about the following topics: - the computer and its users; - computers in the workplace. Terms Concepts Today, computers and electronic technologies have been incorporated into almost every aspect of society. Computers now play a role in how we learn, how we spend and take care of our money, and how we are entertained. Some people are concerned about computer-related health issues such as the effect of radiation from the cathode-ray tube (CRT) technology used in many computer displays and the physical effects of the day-to-day use of computers. Language Material 1. Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciation of the following words: procedure, direct, disease, instantaneously, to forecast, finance, financial, evidence, data, diagnose, technology, knowledgeable, score board, credential, to enhance, to convey. 2. Learn by heart the following vocabulary:
3. Read the words, translate them in writing and learn by heart:
4. Match the English word combinations in the left-hand column with the Russian equivalents in the right-hand column:
5. Note additional meanings for word “way”.
6. Consider the grammar: |
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