English for computing Часть 1 Учебное пособие

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Название	English for computing Часть 1 Учебное пособие
страница	2/37
Тип	Учебное пособие

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quick – slow, languid, creeping, crawling, tardy, sluggish, lazy, snail-like.

different – similar, like, alike, correspondent, harmonious, homogeneous, common, same.

important – slight, trivial, light, petty, unimportant, subordinate, nonessential, inconsiderable, shallow, weak, worthless, powerless, insignificant.

to defend – to desert, to abandon, to leave, to forsake, to quit, to resign, to relinquish, to renounce, to vacate, to give up.

9. Consider the grammar:

to defend from – защищать(ся), оборонять(ся) ч.-л. от к.-л.

Thus in order to elaborate up-to-date and inexpensive programs as well as to defend them from viruses, it is important to know some programming languages.

to suffer from – страдать от ч.-л./ к.-л.

The number of people suffering from heart disease has increased.

to protect smb/sth from – защищать к.-л./ч.-л. от ч.-л.

Sun oil can protect skin from the sun.
10. Find in each line the word - synonym to the first word.

science	a) sorting	b) product	c) artificial	d) knowledge
device	a) productivity	b) artifice	c) division	d) novice
to perform	a) to solve	b) to support	c) to accomplish	d) to offer
to divide	a) to separate	b) to defend	c) to deal	d) to elaborate
to work out	a) to use	b) to elaborate	c) to store	d) to speed
goal	a) labour	b) software	c) solution	d) aim
to intend	a) to shorten	b) to purpose	c) to concern	d) to improve

11. Find in each line the word - antonym to the first word.

different	a) complex	b) similar	c) distinct	d) diverse
to divide	a) to unite	b) to part	c) to share	d) to execute
complex	a) sluggish	b) definite	c) simple	d) equal
quick	a) unfair	b) instantly	c) thus	d) slow
to elaborate	a) to deform	b) to plain	c) to join	d) to diminish

12. Try and complete the following crossword "Computer science".

			2.		1.
3.
4.
	5.
				6.
					7.
		8.

1. The study or knowledge which can be made into system and which depends on seeing, understanding and testing facts.

2. A high-level language which is used by students who require a simple language to begin programming.

3. The rate at which a worker, a company or a country produces goods, and the amount produced compared with how much time, working money is needed to produce them.

4. Knowledge or skill which comes from practice rather than books.

5. The study or science of different numbers and calculations; one of the main subjects taught at schools and colleges.

6. The result of education.

7. An electronic device used to process information.

8. An useful thing or idea which produced by scientists for the first time.
13. Word Bingo.

Look at the list of the words given below. Write down any five words. The teacher is going to read the definitions of all the words in random order. If you hear the definition of one of the words you have chosen, cross it out. The first student to cross out all the words he or she has chosen calls out “Bingo” and reads the words to prove his/her claim.

Words: science, mathematics, computer, knowledge, solution, labour, designer, goal, main, help, problem, addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, using, operation.
Word-building

Model 1

Основа глагола + er/or → существительное со значением лица, производящего действие или орудие действия

to produce - производить

to design - конструировать, проектировать

to manage - руководить, заведовать

to manufacture - производить, обрабатывать

producer - производитель

designer - проектировщик, конструктор

manager - руководитель

manufacturer - производитель

Model 2

Основа глагола или существительного + ist → существительное со значением лица, производящего действие

science - наука

final - финал

theory - теория

art - искусство

scientist - ученый

finalist - финалист

theorist - теоретик

artist - искусствовед

14. Make new words using the models 1-2.

to generate

biology

to distribute

instrumental

to work

to type

to operate

fatal

to invent

to tour

to hunt

to machine

to supply

to terror

to incubate

plural

15. Make your own examples with the models 1-2.
Reading Practice

16. Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions.

TEXT 1A

COMPUTER SCIENCE

Computers today are far more than the number crunchers. Today, computers are used to store and manage information in the form of words, numbers, sounds, and pictures.

With the invention of the computer, a few people began to see the potential for faster management of this information flow. Even though computers were at first used mainly for mathematical calculation, it wasn’t long before businesses began to understand how their ability to speed the handling of information could be used as a competitive advantage over other companies that had not yet computerized. Soon businesses were racing to convert information into forms that could be managed by computers.

Computer science is the study of computers and how they can be used. Specialists in computer science say that this field of knowledge is very interesting because it deals with computer-aided-design (CAD) and computer-aided-manufacturing (CAM).

Computers are intended to improve the productivity of labour of scientists, designers, engineers, managers, and other specialists, because computers offer quick and optimal solutions. One of the main goals of using CAD/CAM is to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing.

Today, much of the world’s information has been computerized and the race has changed to finding new ways to use it. The world's businesses, libraries, governments, and educational institutions now need people who are willing to learn new ways to process information. The end of the twentieth century will mark a new beginning both for computer professionals and for computer users. It will be the period in which we all come to terms with the computer. Computers came in our life and to our houses and now we can solve our everyday problems with their help. We now realize that although computers will affect everyone’s life, we won't have to change the way we do things because computer professionals are finding ways to adapt the computer to our needs, instead of the other way around. In fact, as computers take on additional roles in our lives, we may not even realize that we are using a computer. Soon computers, in one form or another, will have a role to play as we use automobiles or public transportation to get to work, as we buy products and services, as we teach, as we learn, as we are entertained, and as we carry out our jobs at every level in every occupation.

Computer can perform many functions: they can do mathematical, and logical operations, mathematical operations including arithmetic and algebraic operations, such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, raising to a power, differentiating and integrating. Logical operations include comparing, selecting, sorting and matching.

Computers can be divided into simple and complex devices. Simple computers such as calculators can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. As far as complex computers are concerned they can do different logical operations and some of them even have artificial intelligence.

Thus in order to elaborate up-to-date and inexpensive programs as well as to defend them from viruses, it is important to know some programming languages. There are low-level programming languages such as a machine language and an assembly language and high-level programming languages, for instance, FORTRAN, PASCAL, ADA, C, BASIC, etc.
17. Choose the correct answer.

1. What do specialists in computer science deal with?

a. description how computers were first developed, how they evolved, and how they influence our lives today;

b. computer-aided-design (CAD) and computer-aided-manufacturing (CAM);

с. presentation introductory information about computers.

2. What are the computers used for?

a. for improving of the productivity of labour of scientists, designers, managers and other specialists by offering quick and optimal solutions to them;

b. for calculations;

с. for creating and manipulating text and pictures.

3. What operations can simple devices perform?

a. make decisions based on accumulated evidence;

b. to display and manage graphics, fonts, and other page design features like lines and boxes, a close representation;

с. addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

4. What operations do complex computers perform?

a. different logical operations;

b. automate tasks that previously are being carried out by specially trained employees;

с. output information in such forms as payroll checks.

5. What are CAD/CAM systems intended to do?

a. to elaborate new program languages;

b. to perform different calculations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division;

c. to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing.

6. What high-level programming languages do you know?

a. assembly languages;

b. FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, ADA;

с. machine languages.
18. Choose the phrases on the right which complete the sentences on the left.

1. Experts in computer science deal with ...	a) manufacturing cars; b) computer-aided-design; c) increasing the productivity of cars.
2. One of the aims of using computers is ...	a) to work out up-to-date demands; b) to shorten the time between designing and manufacturing; c) to construct hardware’s.
3. Simple devices can ... 4. Complex computers can ...	a) do logical operations; b) perform such operations as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division; c) output information in such forms as payroll checks; d) make decisions based on accumulated evidence.
5. High-level programming languages are ...	a) BASIC, FORTRAN, ADA; b) assembly languages; c) machine languages.

Writing Practice

19. Translate into English in writing:

В последнее время очень популярна стала информатика, так как невозможно представить нашу повседневную жизнь без компьютера. Компьютеры направлены на увеличение производительности труда ученых, проектировщиков, управляющих, бухгалтеров и т.п. Компьютеры, отвечающие современным требованиям, принимают быстрые и оптимальные решения наших проблем. Информатика - это комплексная научно-техническая дисциплина, занимающаяся изучением структуры и общих свойств информации, информационных процессов, разработкой на этой основе информационной техники и технологий, а также решением научных, инженерных проблем создания, внедрения и эффективного использования компьютерной техники и технологий во всех сферах общественной практики. Специалисты в области компьютерных исследований занимаются автоматизированным производством и проектированием, одной из задач является сокращение времени между проектированием и производством.
20. Give the main idea of extract “Computer science” in 20 sentences.
21. Read the article below and decide which of the expressions in the box best describe computers.

a miraculous device	communication	calculator
sophisticated	complex	typewriter

TEXT 1B

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