Учебно-методическое пособие для выполнения самостоятельной работы по английскому языку, часть II : учебно-методическое пособие для студентов второго-четвёртого курсов Промышленно-экономического факультета программ спо специальностей 23.
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| § 10. Самостоятельная работа обучающихся: работа с аутентичными текстами. Составление диалога о климате родного края (1 час) Пользуясь словарём, прочтите и переведите тематический текст «The Climate of the Place Where I Live». Интерпретируйте данный, или самостоятельно найденный материал в диалог по теме «Климат родного края». Чтобы выполнить это задание, вы также можете использовать выражения из § 12, а также § 17, (см. Часть I, Раздел 1). The Climate of the Place Where I Live Funny weather we are having is a statement of the obvious we have used for generations as a greeting. When the deep cold lasts long and heavy snow and blizzards give us the shivers we replace «funny» with something stronger, such as «terrible», «ghastly». At times like these people ask what is happening to the weather. So we go to the experts, who tells us, in language appropriate to the subject, what happened yesterday, what is happening today, and what might happen in the next few years. Weather and climate specialists all over the world have amassed a vast quantity of information. They can describe what is happening around us. With satellites they can forecast more accurately what might happen in the immediate future. Their research has produced evidence of why past climatic changes took place. There have been many climate fluctuations over the 80 years since Jewish people organized the mall settlement on the banks of the Bira-river in 1928. There are different types of climate on the territory of the Far East. It is very cold in the North even in summer. The climate of Siberia is continental: summers are hot and dry, winters are very cold. The Jewish Autonomous Region is divided into two equal parts: mountains and plain. There are the most favourable in the Far East climatic conditions. In the winter there is not always a lot of snow, but it is cold. People enjoy discussing the snow, complaining about the cold and comparing the weather conditions with previous winters. The summer is warm and humid. Sometimes it rains much. As for me, I like autumn best of all. The days become shorter and the nights longer. It isn't so hot in the day-time. The trees are covered with yellow and red leaves. At the end of summer potatoes, tomatoes, cabbage and other vegetables become ripe. Autumn is pleasant when it does not rain. Truly speaking, autumn is a rainy season of the year. When it rains the weather is nasty. The sky is covered with heavy clouds. It drizzles. It is muddy and wet. But it is my favourite season! For time to time the newspapers write about «heatwaves» and an «Indian summer» (dry, hot weather in September and October). I especially like walking through the forest and fields. I am fond on picnicking if the weather is nice. Вашему вниманию представлен примерный диалог по теме «Климат родного края»: - Boris, How long have you been living in Birobidzan? - I’m the third year student… I have been living here since 2011. - Do you like the climate of these places? - Well, it’s neither very cold in winter nor very hot in summer! - Do you mind that very cold or very hot weather does not last too long? - Yes, there are the most favourable in the Far East climatic conditions! - Are you from Siberia? Everybody knows its continental climate: summers are hot and dry, winters are very cold… - But I’d like to say that for year to year the climatic conditions in the Jewish Autonomous Region are different! This spring is very mild, there was a great flood last summer … - You are right! The volunteers from our college helped the people who had lost their home and harvest. - Truly speaking, I thought that autumn was a rainy season of the year in this region… - Yes, but the trees are covered with yellow and red leaves, I especially like walking through the forest in autumn when it doesn’t rain! § 11. Самостоятельная работа обучающихся: работа с аутентичными текстами и словарями. Подготовка интервью по экологическим проблемам ЕАО (1 час) Вашему вниманию представлено примерное начало диалога по теме «Интервью об экологических проблемах ЕАО», вы можете написать продолжение: - Excuse me, sir! How long have you been living in the Jewish Autonomous region? - Well, I have been living here since 1975. - Open your mind, has the weather changed a lot since that time? - As for me, there have been some climate fluctuations over these 40 years... - For example? - The weather is getting more windy… - Really? What is the matter? - I think the problem is our forests. The taiga is cut down. Our forests burn very often. They do not protect us from the winds now. - It’s very interesting opinion! Nature is very carefully balanced and if this balance is disturbed… Вы можете интерпретировать в интервью об экологических проблемах ЕАО и материалы аутентичного текста «The Natural Resources of Our Region» из § 12 или учебный текст «We Must Protect Our Environment», (см. Часть I, Раздел 1, § 17) и материалы § 10. Следующие речевые клише направлены на выяснение мнения собеседника по ниже следующим вопросам. Вы можете включить приведённые высказывания в своё интервью:
1) If you don’t think about the future, you will not have it. 2) The Jewish Autonomous Region is rich in natural resources. 3) One must control the man’s influence on the environment. 4) About two hundred years ago man lived in greater harmony with his environment because industry was not much developed. 5) Many people in our region are worried about ecological problems. 6) There are some ways to save our environment. 7) One of the ways to protect our nature is establishing zapovedniks and zakazniks. § 12. Самостоятельная работа обучающихся: работа с аутентичными текстами, путеводителями и словарями. Подготовка к монологу «Заповедные места родного края» (1 час) Пользуясь словарём, прочтите и переведите тематический текст «The Natural Resources of Our Region», используя словарь лексики, приведённый ниже, (см. табл. 1). На основе данного, или самостоятельно найденного материала, подготовьте монолог по теме «Заповедные места родного края». Обратите внимание - в данном тексте встретятся названия следующих заповедников и заказников: «Bastak» - «Бастак»; «Shukhi-Poktoi»- «Шухи-Поктой»; «Uldury» – «Ульдуры»; Uljdur - Ульдур; «Churki» – «Чурки»; «Zhuravliny» – «Журавлиный»; «Dichun» - «Дичун»; «Zabelovsky» - «Забеловский». The Natural Resources of Our Region The English writer John Galsworthy said, «If you don’t think about the future, you will not have it.» All of us like our town, our region. The Jewish Autonomous Region is rich in natural resources. But one must control the man’s influence on the environment. About two hundred years ago man lived in greater harmony with his environment because industry was not much developed. Today the situation is quite different. Many people in our region are worried about ecological problems. There are some ways to save our environment. One of them is establishing zapovedniks and zakazniks. The Jewish Autonomous Region has one zapovednik «Bastak» and six zakazniks. 90 % of the «Bastak»’s is cowered with forests. Eleven rivers start in the natural zakaznik “Shukhi-Poktoi”. It is habitat of many rare kinds of fish. The territory of «Uldury» state zakaznik includes the Uldur chain and the forests. It is habitat of rare black cock. The flora and fauna of zakaznik «Churki» are represented by Korean pine, roe, Manchurian deer, river otter, wild boar. The nesting places of Dahurian and Japanese cranes are in «Zhuravliny» zkaznik. Zakaznik «Dichun» is the habitat of bears and pheasants. There is the feeding ground for migratory water fowl in «Zabelovsky» state natural zakaznik. The Jewish Autonomous Region has some natural monuments. The Lebedinoye Lake is the botanical natural monument of our region. It is the habitat of the Komarov Lotus, a relict plant. The Turtle Bay is the zoological nature monument. 23) It is situated near the village Preobrazhenovka. The Turtle Bay is the habitat to the Far Eastern turtle. In the summer the turtles lay eggs in the warm sandy beaches. Our region has such geological monuments as caves. For example, the Cave Ledovaya is 200 meter long. Таблица 1 Vocabulary «The Natural Resources of Our Region»
При подготовке к монологу «Заповедные места родного края» сделайте нижеследующие лексико-грамматические упражнения, убедитесь, что вы овладели новой лексикой, проверьте себя, (Ключ см. Приложение). Переведите данные предложения на русский язык, обращая особое внимание на подчёркнутые инфинитивы. 1) To take care of nature is to take care of our future. 2) You must not visit the nesting places in this season! 3) We must control the man’s influence on the environment. 4) They want to establish the second zapovednik. 5) Do you expect the migratory water fowl to come here? 6) The Russian researcher Komarov was the first scientist to describe this kind of lotus. 7) I am here to tell you about the natural resources of Jewish Autonomous Region. 8) To see the Turtle Bay you must go in the village Preobrazhenovka. 9) May the tourists see such geological monuments? Переведите данные предложения, содержащие субъектные инфинитивные обороты, проверьте себя, (Ключ см. Приложение). 1) «Bastak» is consider to be one of the best zapovedniks of the Far East. 2) The new methods of work in the habitat of rare black cock provided to be good. 3) This cave appears to be very deep. 4) The turtles is said to lay eggs in these warm sandy beaches. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту «The Natural Resources of Our Region»: 1) Do you know the English writer John Galsworthy? 2) Is it right saying «If you don’t think about the future, you will not have it»? 3) Do you like to live in our region? 4) Is the Jewish Autonomous Region rich in natural resources? 5) What kinds of the natural resources do you know? 6) Does one try to control the man’s influence on the environment in our zakazniks? 7) How many per cents of the «Bastak»’s territory are cowered with forests? 8) Where are the nesting places of Dahurian and Japanese cranes in our region? 9) Have you ever hear about the Lebedinoye Lake? 10) Dou you know the habitat to the Far Eastern turtle? § 13. Самостоятельная работа обучающихся: работа с источниками информации. Создание электронной презентации «Научно-технический прогресс и экология» (2 часа) Самостоятельная работа обучающихся: подготовка к защите электронной презентации «Научно-технический прогресс и экология» (1 час) Воспользовавшись материалом данного параграфа, или другим, найденный самостоятельно, создайте электронную презентацию по теме «Научно-технический прогресс и экология», (электронный ресурс Power Point). Пользуясь словарём, поработайте с текстами «Acid Rains», «The Attack on London’s Environment» или «Progress and Environment». Задания после текстов - для самопроверки – готовы ли вы к защите вашей электронной презентации перед аудиторией? Acid Rains Every year more and more plants and animals disappear never to be seen again. Strangely, the cause of the most such problems is the man, the most intelligent but the most thoughtless animal. Nature is very carefully balanced and if this balance is disturbed, animals and plants can disappear very fast. In many lakes fish are dying. Fishermen and scientists are worried because some lakes have no fish at all. What is killing the fish? The problem is acid rain. Acid rain is a kind of air pollution. Many factories burn coal or oil or gas. These factories send smoke high into the air. The wind may carry the smoke far from the factories. Some of these harmful substances may come down with the rain. The rain in many places isn't natural and clean any more. It's full of acid chemicals. Acid water is like vinegar or lemon juice. It also kills the plants and animals that live in lake water. But dead fish may be just the beginning of the problem. Scientists are finding other effects of acid rain. In some large areas whole forests are dying. At first scientists couldn't understand why. There were no bugs in these trees, the weather was not dry. But now they think that some kinds of trees cannot live in the soil that is very acidic. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту «Acid Rains»: 1) Who causes the problem of plants and animals’ disappearance? 2) What can happen if nature balance is disturbed? 3) What are the fishermen worried about? 4) What is acid rain? 5) What is acid rain caused by? 6) What is acid rain full of? 7) What acid water can be compared with? 8) What other effects of acid rains do you know? The Attack on London’s Environment Most of the western nations have the same basic environmental problems, but they take different forms in each country. Thirty years ago hundreds of people died every year from the dreadful London smogs. Since then London has become smokeless zones, areas where no coal fires are allowed. However, the commonest air pollution comes from the cigarette smoke which pollutes many public places, like cinemas, pubs and restaurants. Though cigarette advertisements are not allowed on TV or radio, you can see them in newspapers and magazines. Traffic and aircraft can cause serious noise pollution. Heathrow airport (аэропорт Хитроу), near London, is the busiest airport in the world. Fifty planes take off and land there every hour! The need for new roads causes great environmental difficulties. They often spoil the countryside and bring noise and pollution. «Friends of the Earth» (Экологическая организация «Друзья Земли») suggest that the bicycle is the best way to travel because it's cheap, quiet and keeps you healthy. But English roads aren't built for cycling. It can be dangerous to cycle in large cities, as British motorists don't notice cyclists. Some people think that only buses and bicycles should be allowed in English city centers. The government has tried hard to stop water pollution. There are now strict laws against water pollution, though it still often happens incidentally. Britain and France share the problem of oil pollution from the English Channel (пролив Ламанш). To see the effects of pollution for wild life in rivers, just have a look at the Thames (река Темза). A hundred years ago you could catch eatable fish in the Thames. Now factories and homes are putting waste materials which are poisons into this river. Nothing can live or grow in this polluted water. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту «The Attack on London’s Environment»: 1) What river is London situated on? 2) What kind of pollution does often happen in the English Channel? 3) What kinds of transport would be allowed in the centers of big cities in «Friends’ of the Earth» opinion? 4) Where are the coal fires not allowed? 5) What environmental difficulties do the numerous roads cause? Какие номера предложений, данных ниже, соответствуют содержанию текста «The Attack on London’s Environment»? Старайтесь не заглядывать в оригинал, проверьте себя, (Ключ см. Приложение). 1) Each western country has many ecological problems. 2) The wild life of the English Channel near France is in danger too. 3) London’s public places are non-smoking areas today. 4) The noise of air-crafts near Heathrow airport is a serious problem for London. 5) It is not dangerous to cycle in large English cities. 6) There are many cigarette advertisements in TV-programs. 7) There are very strict laws against water pollution in England. Заполните пропуски согласно прочитанному тексту «The Attack on London’s Environment». Проверьте себя, (Ключ см. Приложение). 1) Many … places like shops and pubs are polluted with cigarette smoke. 2) Heathrow is the busiest … in the world. 3) The government of Britain and … try to stop … in the river Thames. 4) It’s a pity that modern roads spoil the beautiful … 5) The British drivers often don’t notice … Пользуясь словарём, вставьте слова, находящиеся под чертой, в текст «Progress and Environment». Проверьте себя, (Ключ см. Приложение). Вы можете использовать получившийся материал для презентации по теме «Научно-технический прогресс и экология». Progress and Environment 1) The scientific and technological progress of the … century resulted in mechanisation, automated lines, computerised management, spaceships, atomic power stations, pipelines, new highways. 2) The price for such industrial development is very…. 3) Natural resources are exhausted, the ecological … of the planet is disturbed; some kinds of flora and fauna disappear. 4) Big cities have a problem with air pollution, acid rains … many forests. 5) Environmental … say that progress can be blamed for all these ecological problems. 6) Now many people think that the strict pollution control is …. 7) Every country has a political … for the protection of natural resources and wildlife. 8) Wildlife reservation models are developed in some … of the world. 9) But the environmental problems need the … of all nations. _________________________________________________________________ a) balance; b) activists; c) programme; d) cooperation; e) high; f) twenty-first; g) parts; h) necessary; i) killed |
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