Учебно-методическое пособие для выполнения самостоятельной работы по английскому языку, часть II : учебно-методическое пособие для студентов второго-четвёртого курсов Промышленно-экономического факультета программ спо специальностей 23.
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| § 6. Самостоятельная работа обучающихся: работа с текстами и словарями. Создание словаря и диалогов «Традиционные виды спорта англо говорящих стран» (1 час) Пользуясь словарём, прочтите и переведите тематические тексты «Sports in Britain», «Cricket» или «Ice Hockey». На основе данного, или самостоятельно найденного материала, составьте диалог, снабжённый словарём, по теме «Традиционные виды спорта англо говорящих стран». Sports in Britain The Englishmen are great lovers of sport. They like playing or watching games, they like to talk about them. Sports play an important part in the life of the English people. The British are proud that many sports originated in their country and then spread throughout the world. The national British sports are: football, golf, cricket, table tennis, lawn tennis, snooker, steeplechase, racing, darts. Football the most popular game in the world is of two kinds in Britain: football and rugby. Every school, every town has one or more football clubs. Professional football is a big business. Rugby is played by teams of 15 men with an oval ball. Rugby players may carry the ball. Golf, one of the popular sports in Britain, originated in Scotland. More and more people go in for golf today. It is an English «walking» game. People in many countries consider cricket the most English of games. Cricket is the English summer game. Cricket is played in schools, colleges, universities. But this game is very slow. Table tennis was invented in England in 1880. But the British players are not lucky in tennis international championships. Wimbledon is known as the centre of lawn tennis. Steeplechase, a cross country running, is popular in European countries. The first cross country race took place in 1837. Englishmen like all kinds of racing. Horse-racing, motor-car racing, boat-racing, dog-racing, donkey-racing are very popular in England. The most famous boat race in England is between Oxford and Cambridge. It first started in 1820. A lot of people come to watch it. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту «Sports in Britain», они могут помочь вам в составлении диалога на аналогичную тему: 1) What kinds of sports are popular in Great Britain? 2) What kinds of football are there in Britain? 3) Where did golf originated? 4) What is Wimbledon famous for? 5) What kind of racing do you know? 6) Which of then would you like to visit? 7) What is the most famous race in England. When and where was the first boat race held? Cricket People in many countries consider cricket the most English of games. Cricket is the English summer game. Cricket is played in schools, colleges, universities. But this game is very slow. Cricket is a bat-and-ballgame played between two teams of 11 players on a field at the centre of which is a rectangular 22-yard long pitch. Each team takes it in turn to bat, attempting to score runs, while the other team fields. Each turn is known as an innings. The bowler delivers the ball to the batsman who attempts to hit the ball with his bat far enough for him to run to the other end of the pitch and score a run. Each batsman continues batting until he is out. The batting team continues batting until ten batsmen are out, at which point the teams switch roles and the fielding team comes in to bat. In professional cricket the length of a game ranges from 20 overs of six bowling deliveries per side. The Laws of Cricket are maintained by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) with additional Standard Playing Conditions for Test matches and One Day Internationals. Ice Hockey Ice hockey is one of the most popular kinds of sport, demanding skillful skating, expert stick-handling, and masterly puck control. The game developed in the frozen expanses of North America, and a hundred years ago became the national winter sport of Canada. It also became very popular all over the world. The game probably arose from boys playing on the ice. Originally the leagues and national competitions in Canada were amateur. In 1917 the first professional league was formed, the National Hockey League (or NHL), with four clubs — Montreal Canadians, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, and Toronto Arenas. Later the NHL spread to the United States. In 1972 a rival professional organisation was formed, the World Hockey Association (or WHA). In 1893 Lord Stanley, the Governor-General of Canada, presented a silver trophy, the Stanley Cup, which then became the symbol of professional hockey supremacy. Six players — a goalkeeper, two defence-men, and three forwards — constitute a side. The game is divided into three periods, each lasting twenty minutes, there are 10-minute intervals. After a goal is scored, the puck is brought back to center ice for another face-off. The playing area (rink) is 188 to 200 feet long, and about 85 feet wide. The playing area is subdivided into three zones — defensive, neutral and attacking — by two blue lines (called off-side lines) teams defensive zone is that zone where the goal cage, which it is defending, is located. The zone at- the opposite end of the rink is known as the teams attacking zone. The area between is known as the neutral zone and is divided at the centre by a red line. This line plays an important role in the game's body checking regulations. Players are subject to a variety of penalties leading to their dismissal from the ice for two minutes or more, thus giving the other team a one-man advantage for the duration of the penalty or until a goal is scored. § 7. Самостоятельная работа обучающихся: работа с текстами и словарями. Составить монолог «Экстремальные виды спорта» (1 час) Пользуясь словарём, прочтите и переведите тематический текст «Snowboarding». На основе данного, или самостоятельно найденного материала, подготовьте монолог по теме «Экстремальные виды спорта». Snowboarding Snowboarding is the fastest growing winter sport and is set to become even more popular than skiing. It is hard to say who actually «invented» the first snowboard because it was influenced, the snowboarding's roots may be traced back to the early 1920's. Then children in Vermont built what would now be considered makeshift snowboards out of barrel staves and rode them sideways down a snowy hill. Later, there were some people, who built snowboard like sleds. M.J. Burchett came up with on of the first «snowboards». He cut out a plank of plywood in 1929 and tried to secure his feet with some clothesline and horse reins. In 1965 Sherman Poppen invented a mix between the two words «snow» and «surfer» as a toy for his daughter. Many of his daughters friends wanted one of those new «Snurfers» and Poppen lincensed his new idea to a manufacturer. Today the most popular snowboard factory «Burton Snowboards») uses ski technology in snowboards and experiments with new materials and designs. Snowboarding continued to increase in popularity over the next years but for a long time, snowboarders were seen as society's outcasts. Ski resorts banned them and the upper-middle-class ski community looked down upon them. In 1985 snowboarding was only allowed in 7% of US ski areas and story was much the same in Europe. As equipment and skill levels improved, though, snowboarding gradually became more acceptable. Now, about 97% of all ski areas in North America and Europe allow snowboarding. The number of snowboarders increased from about 2 million in 1990 to more than 7 million in 2000. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту «Snowboarding»; они помогут вам понять, насколько вы готовы к монологу об этом экстремальном виде спорта. 1) What kind of extreme sport do you know? 2) What are the extreme sports characterized by? 3) Did you see snowboarders in our town? 4) How do you think, what is more extremely snowboarding or skiing? 5) Why did the ski resorts ban the snowboarding? 6) What inventors or champions of snowboarding do you know? 7) What does the modern equipment for snowboarding look like? 8) Will the number of snowboarders increase? Возможно, информация «Some Words about Extreme Camping» заинтересует вас, и вы захотите узнать больше о школах выживания в природных условиях и рассказать об этом в классе. Some Words about Extreme Camping If you are active and tired of town life, if you long for changes and want to get away from civilization, than camping is for you. It is a cheap way to rest, to improve your health, to train yourself physically and to enjoy nature. Some people prefer more extreme camping when they have to survive out-of-doors, orient themselves, obtain food from the wild, build shelters and adapt themselves to extremely cold weather. They learn to overcome any obstacles and become strong and self-reliant. Such hobby plays a very important educational, simulational and psychological role, makes you stronger physically and mentally, helps you escape from reality, improve your knowledge, broaden your mind, develop your skills and gain a better understanding of how the world works. § 8. Самостоятельная работа обучающихся: работа с текстами, справочниками, путеводителями. Создание виртуальной экскурсии «Город России» (1 час) Для создания виртуальной экскурсии используйте программу Power Point. Обратите внимание на речевые клише, которые обычно используются при проведении экскурсий по городу. Используйте их в своей речи! Примерный текст экскурсионного тура по городу вы можете увидеть в § 9, (см. текст «London Sightseeing Tour»). 1) Ladies and gentlemen, we welcome you to Moscow! Дамы и господа, мы приветствуем вас в Москве (добро пожаловать в Москву)! 2) You'll see all famous sights of Moscow from our bus. Вы увидите все достопримечательности Москвы из окон нашего автобуса. 3) We start from… Мы начинаем от… 4) We are passing… Мы проезжаем мимо… 5) Now we are at… Сейчас мы около… 6) Look right! Посмотрите направо! 7) You see / Here you can see / From here you can see… Вы можете видеть… / Здесь вы видите… / Отсюда вы можете видеть… 8) In a moment you will see… В данный момент вы видите… 9) Now we are crossing… Сейчас мы пересекаем… 10) Of course you know… Конечно же вы знаете … 11) We are now making our way to… Мы подъезжаем к… 12) Our tour has finished. Наша экскурсия закончена. 13) I hope very much that you have enjoyed this tour of Moscow. Я очень надеюсь, что насладились поездкой по Москве. 14) Thank you for your attention. Спасибо вам за внимание. Если при выполнении данной работы вы решите основываться на материалах представленных ниже в текстах: «Khabarovsk is the Administrative Centre of the Khabarovsk Territory», «St. Petersburg», «Voronezh», проверьте себя – умеете ли вы отвечать на вопросы после текстов. Это пригодится при проведении виртуальной экскурсии в классе. Khabarovsk is the Administrative Centre of the Khabarovsk Territory Khabarovsk is one of the largest cities in the Far East and the administrative centre of the Khabarovsk territory. It is situated in the South of the region on the right bank of the Amur and stretches for 28 miles. The area of the city is about 154 square miles. The population of the territory is under 2 million people; over 650 thousand live in Khabarovsk. The history of Khabarovsk goes back to the 19-th century. It was a small military settlement founded by the soldiers of the 13-th Siberian Battalion under the command of Captain Dyachenko. In 1893 the military post Khabarovka was turned into Khabarovsk. Nowadays Khabarovsk is a major transport centre that connects remote Eastern parts of Russia with the CIS and Pacific Rim countries. Its railway station, international airport, the Amur river port are the largest in the Far East and Siberia. The Trans-Siberian Railroad built in 1916 is over 6000 miles long. Khabarovsk airport with its international terminal is the second largest airport in Russia after Moscow. There are 40 domestic routes and regular flights to Japan, China, North and South Korea, the USA, Singapore as well as charter flights to many countries of the world. The Amur Shipping Company carries cargo to many seaports of our country and abroad. Khabarovsk is an important industrial centre of the region. The products of many enterprises are well known all over the world and exported to more than 50 countries, among them are Finland and Japan, Turkey and Bulgaria and others. Lately about 250 joint ventures, commercial banks and joint stock companies have been set up in the city. Unique nature and rich natural resources attract foreign investors. Russian partners are interested in foreign capital, advanced know-how and managerial experience of other countries. Khabarovsk is one of the largest educational and scientific centers in the country. There are nearly 80 schools, 8 universities and academies in the city which train specialists in the field of engineering, transport, education, medicine, commerce and finance, state and military service. Achievements in science are very considerable. Scientific Research Institutes are engaged in the comprehensive study of the Far-Eastern ecological systems, processes in the earth's crust. The scientists work out the scientific basis for fishery and fist breeding, forestry and wood industry, geology and agriculture. Khabarovsk is a large cultural centre. Its Drama, Symphony orchestra, Musical and Youth Theatres are well known not only in Russia but also in many countries of the world. The Museum of Regional Studies founded in 1894 is a treasury of historical documents and exhibits. The Khabarovsk Art Museum founded in 1931 has the richest collection of original works of antique art and Renaissance, canvases by Rembrandt, Rubens and Monet. Art works by outstanding Russian painters Repin, Levitan, Polenov and others are on display there. Khabarovsk is a centre of tourism. Annually thousands of foreign guests visit our beautiful, picturesque city as there is much interesting to see in it. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту «Khabarovsk is the Administrative Centre of the Khabarovsk Territory»: 1) What was Yerofei Khabarov? 2) What river is Khabarovsk situated on? 3) What century did Y. Khabarov undertake his expedition to the Far East? 4) What animals and vegetation did he see there? 5) What can you say about modern Khabarovsk? St. Petersburg St. Petersburg is the second largest city in Russia, the greatest (after Moscow) cultural, scientific and industrial centre. The city was founded in 1703 by Peter the Great as the «Window to the West». Up till 1914 the city was called St. Petersburg, then Petrograd, and after Lenin's death in 1924, the city was renamed Leningrad in his honor. It is the city of three revolutions. The city is called the Northern Venice: there are 65 rivers and canals in the city, and their entire length is 165 kilometers. The numerous islands are connected by bridges (their number is over 600). The biggest of them are drawbridges. The Hermitage Palace, the St. Isaak's Cathedral, the Admiralty, the Peter-and-Paul Fortress, the Dvortsovaya Embankment, the Summer Garden, the homes of the tsars are equal to any in Europe. The city is famous for its beautiful white nights. During the Great Patriotic War the German armies laid siege to Leningrad in 1941. The siege lasted 900 days. No food could be brought in, bread rations were cut to 300 calories a day; 640, 000 people died of starvation. Not far from the city there are the cemetery and a monument with inscription: «No one is forgotten; nothing is forgotten». St. Petersburg absorbs all the wealth of the Russian national culture, science and arts. In Petersburg are 19 theatres, numerous palaces and 41 museums. The Pushkin’s Museum-Flat, the richest collections of the Russian Museum, the Artillery Museum are world known. The St. Petersburg Public Library named after N. E. Saltykov-Shchedrin keeps over 17 million books, magazines and manuscripts in all languages of the world. St. Petersburg is an important industrial centre too. The city has 700 factories. The population of the city is over 5 million. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту «St. Petersburg»: 1) When was St. Petersburg founded? 2) Who founded this city? 3) What kind of city is St. Petersburg? 4) What is it famous for? 5) When and how was the city renamed? 5) What happened to the city during the Great Patriotic War? 6) What is the population of St. Petersburg? 7) What do you know about the St. Petersburg Public Library? Voronezh Voronezh is a nice old Russian town situated on a high bank of the Voronezh River. Its name was first mentioned in Russian chronicles in the 12-th century. At that time the town was surrounded by a multi-towered fortress. The history of Voronezh is bound up with the history of Russia. Peter the Great built here his first flotilla. In the 1812, the Voronezh popular levy participated in the battle of Borodino against Napoleonic troops. The Voronezh people took part in the revolts against the serfdom and in the Great Patriotic War of 1941—1945. Today Voronezh is one of the largest industrial cities of Russia. The trade mark of Voronezh can be seen on farm machinery, radio- and TV-sets. The Il-86 and I1-96 aircraft came off the line here. Voronezh is a city of science. It has a university, nine colleges. The city has rich cultural traditions. Its first drama theatre was opened in 1802. In Voronezh one can visit the Opera and the Ballet Theatre, the Puppet Theatre, the Philharmonic Society, the Russian Folk Choir, the Kramskoy's Fine Arts Museum and the Nikitin's Literary Museum. Voronezh is homeland of the poets Koltsov and Nikitin and the historian of Russian folklore Afanasyev. Ответьте на вопросы к тексту «Voronezh»: 1) Where is Voronezh situated? 2) When and where was its name first mentioned? 3) The history of Voronezh is bound up with the history of Russia, isn’t it? 4) Who built here his first flotilla? 5) What battle did the Voronezh popular levy participate in? 6) Where can we see the trade mark of Voronezh now? 7) The city has rich cultural traditions, has not it? 8) What can you say about its cultural life? |
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