Учебно-методическое пособие для выполнения самостоятельной работы по английскому языку, часть II : учебно-методическое пособие для студентов второго-четвёртого курсов Промышленно-экономического факультета программ спо специальностей 23.
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| § 18. Самостоятельная работа обучающихся: работа с текстами. Подготовиться к диалогу «Роль театра и кино в жизни общества» (1 час) Пользуясь словарём, ознакомьтесь с материалами, представленными в данном параграфе: «The Dialogue about the First Visit of Theatre», «The First Visit to the Bolshoy Theatre», «The Theatres» или «The Art of Cinema», «The Cinema». Используйте тексты и примерные вопросы данного параграфа для того, чтобы научиться вести диалог по теме «Роль театра и кино в жизни общества». The Dialogue About the First Visit of Theatre - Are you a frequent theatregoer? - I can't say I am. But still I try not to miss an opportunity to see the plays that are spoken of and are worth seeing. - When did you visit the theatre first? - It was some years ago. My mother took me to a morning performance of the ballet «The Sleeping Beauty». - What were your impressions? - It was great! The acting, the costumes, the music of the ballet were superb! The performance was a great success with the public. - Have you ever been to the Bolshoi Theatre? - Unfortunately, I haven't. But my mother happened to be there. She listened to the opera «The Queen of Spades» there. I can't tell you what a treat it was for her. The First Visit to the Bolshoy Theatre I will never forget my first visit to the Bolshoy Theatre. It was ages ago, but this stands out in my memory quiet vividly. My mother bought beforehand two tickets for a matinee performance of the ballet «Sleeping Beauty» by Chaikovsky. We came to the theatre long before the performance began. A sign at the entrance of the theatre said that «house full». Many people were standing at the entrance of the theatre asking if we had an extra ticket. We left our coats in the cloak-room and bought a program from the usher to see what the cast was. I remember we were glad to see that Ulanova was dancing the main part. When we came into the hall the orchestra were tuning in their instruments. We found our seats which were in the stalls and went exploring the theatre. My mother showed me the boxes, the pit, the dress-circle, the tiers and balconies. At 12 sharp the lights went down. The conductor appeared and the overture began. After the overture the curtain went up. I was in raptures at what I saw on the stage. I have never seen anything more wonderful. The scenery and the dancing were superb. The ballet seemed to me a fairy-tale. When the last curtain fell, the house burst out into applause. I applauded so much, that my hands ached. The cries of encore sounded all over the theatre. The dancers got many curtain calls and were presented with many flowers. The performance was a great success with the public. It was one of my brightest memories. The Theatres People live a very busy life nowadays, so they have little time to spare. Still they try their best to make use of those rare hours of leisure. Some people find it a pleasure to go to the theatre. The theatre is one of the most ancient kinds of arts. For centuries people have come to the theatre for different aims: to relax, to be amused and entertained, to have a good laugh, to enjoy the acting of their favourite actors and actresses. Some people like drama, others are fond of musical comedy. The subtlest theatre-lovers prefer ballet and opera. In our country there are a lot of theatres: big and small, new and old, famous and not very well known. The Bolshoi Theatre in Moscow is among the most famous theatres in the world. Wonderful operas and ballets are staged in this theatre. The names of Ulanova, Plisetskaya, Maximova, Vasiliev, Arkhipova, Sotkilava and others are known worldwide. The other most popular Moscow theatres are the Maly Theatre, the Satire Theatre, the Vachtangov Theatre, the Variety Theatre and others. Young spectators attend the Children's Musical Theatre and the Puppet Theatre more willingly. All these and lots of other theatres present a great variety of shows. That makes a spectator feel somewhat at a loss what theatre to choose. In this case it may turn out useful to consult a billboard and find out what and where is on. Sometimes you may face a difficulty of another kind: that is of getting tickets. If you don't feel like standing in a queue for tickets at the box-office, you may book them beforehand. Ticket prices vary according to the seats. The better seats at the theatre are in the stalls and in the dress circle. They are rather expensive seats. Boxes, of course, are the best seats and the most expensive, too. Those people, who are short of money, take seats in the gallery, in the balcony or in the upper balcony. Tickets for afternoon performances are cheaper than those for evening performances. Эти вопросы могут прозвучать в ваших диалогах о театре: 1) Are there many theatres in the world? 2) Why do the people prefer to buy the theatre tickets beforehand? 3) What do we look through before going to the theatre? 4) Where do the spectators like to sit in the hall? 5) What is higher than pit? 6) Are the balconies the highest? 7) What is on both sides of the pit? 8) What do the spectators see on the stage? 9) Why do the spectators applaud? 10) What do the spectators discuss after a play? The Art of Cinema The movies are truly an art of our time. It is the greatest aesthetic and educational force in the world today. The invention of the photography in 1828 played a very important role in the development of the cinema. 1895 became the year when the cinema was born. After the brothers Lumier had invented the cinematography, the cinema widely spread all over the world. The first movie theatres appeared in 1904. And in 1907 the literature works started to be widely used for the movie scripts. Now different movie versions of novels and stories of famous writers are still very popular. The movies are a powerful force in contemporary life. Cinema is also used for educational purposes. Video classes are useful when studying geography, foreign languages and many other subjects. They are also the means of getting acquainted with the world. With the help of documentary and science films one can get much information about the world around. The news on TV helps to know what happens in the world each day. It also helps to attract the attention of people to different important problems, such as hunger, earthquakes, water pollution and so on. The cinema is also the means of entertainment. After a working day one can relax watching some good movie. Nowadays people can’t just imagine their life without the art of cinema. The Cinema Very recently we celebrated the hundredth anniversary of cinematography. A century ago the Lumiere brothers made their first three-minute films which were demonstrated to the public on the 28th of December, 1895. Since then a new era has begun — the era of cinematography. It rapidly spread all over the world and very soon turned into one of the most popular arts and entertainments. The twentieth century may rightfully be called the century of cinematography. For a long time there have been disputes whether the cinema is an art or just an entertainment. Nowadays the cinema is considered one of the main contemporary arts. The cinema combines such arts as painting, literature, theatre, architecture, music. That's why a lot of people of different professions arc involved in film production: scriptwriters, directors, cameramen, costume designers, composers, actors and actresses and many others. Pioneers of the Russian cinema are Protazanov, Gardin, Bauer and later Eisenstein, Pudovkin, Dovzheoko. The first films in the West were mainly melodramas or comedies. In Russia they very often were historical films or screen versions of the best novels. At the time when films were silent and black-and-white the world was crazy about Charlie. He was created and performed by the famous English actor and film director Charles Spencer Chaplin. His Charlie, small and clumsy yet kind-hearted, generous and brave, has attracted the hearts of simple people in different countries. Sometimes they would stand in long queues to see a film with their favourite actor. Later sound and colour were introduced into films. The cinema was of great importance during the two World Wars. The best cameramen went to the fronts to make documentary films about heroism of the soldiers. Feature films of that time helped people to survive the hardships of war. Films are demonstrated in cinemas. In the programme there is a feature film preceded by either a newsreel, a documentary or an animated cartoon. There are intervals between programmes and each programme begins at a definite time. In most cinemas in Western countries there are no intervals between programmes and people can stay in the cinema as long as they like. Not so long ago people went to cinemas frequently but now we prefer to stay at home and watch video films and TV. Maybe cinemas are no longer as popular as they used to be but films will always be one of the best entertainments for people all over the world. Эти вопросы могут прозвучать в ваших диалогах о кино: 1) What anniversary did the people celebrate some years ago? 2) Who are considered to be the inventors of the cinema? 3) What arts does the cinema combine? 4) People of what professions are involved in film production? 5) What do you know about the Russian cinematography? 6) Have you seen any films by Charlie Chaplin? Do you like them? 7) Why was the cinema so important during the war? 8) What is the difference between Russian and foreign cinemas (movies)? 9) Why do people prefer to watch video films or TV at home nowadays? 10) What are your favourite films? § 19. Самостоятельная работа обучающихся: поиск материала на сайтах Интернета. Подготовить электронную презентацию «Музеи современности» (1 час) С помощью словаря ознакомьтесь с информацией о музеях, представленной в данном параграфе. Как видите, мир музеев чрезвычайно разнообразен: от классических, до экстравагантных; рассчитанных на широкий круг посетителей и узкую группу почитателей. Для своей электронной презентации по теме «Музеи современности» вы можете использовать как этот, так и самостоятельно найденный материал, представленный с помощью программы Power Point. В конце вашей презентации задайте несколько вопросов зрителям, а также будьте сами готовы к вопросам по содержанию вашей виртуальной экскурсии. Museums For those people who prefer food for thought there are very many museums, exhibition halls and picture galleries. There are different kinds of museums. Those who are interested in history can find a lot of useful and unusual information in history museums. There they can get acquainted with a number of documents, photographs, books, personal belongings of well-known people of the past. In museums of local lore, history and economy one can better understand how people lived in this region, how they worked. They can also learn a lot of interesting things about flora and fauna of the locality. To understand arts and to enjoy masterpieces of art one should visit picture galleries and exhibition halls. There are a great number of museums all over the world. The most famous of them in Russia are the Museum of Fine Arts named after Pushkin and the State Tretyakov Arts Gallery in Moscow, the Hermitage in St. Petersburg, and others. One of the largest museums in Great Britain is the British Museum, which is the best known national museum of antiquities and ethnography. It is situated in London. It is famous for its greatest library. The library has more than six million books that occupy more than 80 miles of shelves. Here you can find everything you want: English Chronicles, autographs of great writers, Greek and Latin manuscripts, books and magazines from all parts of the world. There are also lots of other memorials in the museum: the Hall of Mummies, the Ethnography Department, the Arts of Par East and so on. There are always many visitors from all countries in the British Museum. The Sherlock Holmes' Museum In the 1880s a young doctor sat waiting for new patients who never came. To pass the time, he wrote stories about a man who was very good at solving crimes. These stories were so popular that the doctor decided to give up medicine and become a writer instead. The doctor was Arthur Conan Doyle and his' creation was Sherlock Holmes. Holmes and his famous friend Doctor Watson shared rooms at 221b Baker Street. Their landlady was the long-suffering Mrs. Hudson. She had to put up with strange visitors, revolver practice indoors, chemical experiments and late-time violin playing In 1990, a museum was at last opened at 221b Baker Street, though it should have happened long ago. After all, 221b Baker Street is the worlds most famous address and people have been writing to it for more than 100 years. In The Sherlock Holmes' Museum you step back a hundred years in time. It is unique. There is no modern virtual reality, but it is all virtually real. There are no horrors, no mummies or hidden corpses, no wax figures... Even so, the atmosphere of this quiet house is electric. You have a feeling as if the great detective had just left the room for a moment with Dr. Watson, and Mrs. Hudson is somewhere in the backrooms, and you'll see her entering the room with a tray of tea cups. Everything in the museum reminds us of the stories we know so well. It is filled with things which Holmes and Watson would have had — Holmes' violin, his deerstalker and pipe, the Persian slipper in which he kept his tobacco, unanswered letters pinned to the wall with a knife, his magnifying glass... Dr. Watson's diary contains hand-written notes and extracts from «The Hound of the Baskervilles». The Sherlock Holmes' Museum is unlike other museums. Very little here is locked up in glass cases. You can sit in Holmes' s armchair by the fireplace, you can examine his things and put on his deerstalker. But please bring your own pipe to smoke! People have been writing to this address for the last 100 years. Most letters come from the United States and many correspondents ask if Mr. Holmes can help them with some problem, such as finding a missing relative (or a pet). Greeting cards arrive at Christmas and on Holmes' birthday (he was born on January, 6th). Dr. Watson is not forgotten either. Underwater Museum In the Caribbean, Mexico resting in about 30 feet of water lies an old-fashioned Volkswagen Beetle. It’s coated in coral, some lobsters use it as a habitat… It’s not a real Beetle, but part of an unusual art project that’s already become a popular destination for underwater tourists. The Beetle was created by artist Jason DeCaires Taylor. This place is now known as the Cancun Underwater Museum with some 500 sculptures drawn from everyday life in Mexico. Taylor has been building underwater sculptures since 2006, using marine concrete - as a way to draw attention to the plight of natural coral reefs while taking some of the pressure from diving tourism away from them. Most of Taylor’s sculptures are made from casts using live models from the local population; after carving the concrete and planting some coral colonies to spur growth, they are lowered precisely into place by a boat-mounted crane. The Cancun Marine Park is one of the most visited stretches of water in the world with over 750,000 visitors each year. The location of the sculptures will promote the recovery of the natural reefs, relieving pressure on them by drawing visitors away. Now the project consists of over 403 permanent life-sized sculptures, one of the largest and most ambitious underwater artificial attractions in the world. These life-sized sculptures in the depths range from 9 to 20 feet. The primary purpose of the sculpture garden is environmental. The idea being that the sculptures will eventually form artificial corals and support a variety of marine life. There’s also hope that the touristic value of the underwater sculpture garden will draw people away from the over-visited and severely degraded natural corals of the nearby West Coast National Park. |
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