Учебное пособие по обучению чтению для студентов 1 курса всех специальностей Под редакцией доцента Э. Я. Иванова

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Название	Учебное пособие по обучению чтению для студентов 1 курса всех специальностей Под редакцией доцента Э. Я. Иванова
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Тип	Учебное пособие

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Text 1 GREAT SCHOLAR OF THE RENAISSANCE

1. Galileo Galilei lived at a time of Renaissance, an outstanding period in mankind's history. The Renaissance gave the world many courageous fighters for knowledge and new outlook on the world.

2. Galilei was not only a scientist, professor of physics and mathematics at Pisa University and Padua University, but also a critic of official views in science.

3. He discovered the basic laws of complex forms of motion. Galilei is famous not only for his establishment of fundamental conceptions of kinematics and dynamics such as speed and acceleration but also for the establishment of general principles of classical mechanics.

4. Real world fame came to Galileo only in 1610 when he constructed the first telescope in the world. With this instrument he discovered satellites of Jupiter, the phases of Venus and the spots in the Sun. He measured the height of the mountains on the Moon with great accuracy and proved that the Milky Way was not milk spilt by the Madonna but a gigantic conglomeration of stars.

5. Galileo followed the great Italian philosopher Giordano Brunowho died at the hands of the Inquisition.

6. In 1633 Inquisition sentenced a sick 70-year-old Galilei to spend the rest of his life under the surveillance.

7. We know Galilei as the founder of the map of the world, a map that is constantly growing and becoming more accurate. We see him as a philosopher who struggled against the dogma of religion, as a real revolutionary in science.
Notes:

Galileo [͵gælɪ΄lɪ:ou], Renaissance [rɪ΄neɪsəns], Jupiter [΄ʤu:pɪtə], Venus [΄vɪ:nəs], surveillance [sə:΄veɪləns] – надзор наблюдение, Pisa[΄pɪ:zə], Padua [΄pa:duə].

Задания к тексту 1 GREAT SCHOLAR OF THE RENAISSANCE

I. Задания для общего ознакомления с текстом.

a) Прочтите текст про себя, не останавливаясь на трудных для понимания местах. Ответьте на следующие вопросы на русском языке.

1) О ком идет речь в прочитанном тексте?

В какое время он жил и работал?
Каковы его научные достижения?

II. Задания для точного понимания значения слов и групп слов.

a) Дайте однокоренные слова на русском языке следующим интернациональным словам.

Renaissance, period, professor, official, complex, fundamental, conception, dynamics, acceleration, mechanics, satellite, phase, gigantic, religion.

b) Переведите следующие слова на русский язык. Если не знаете слово, найдите его значение в словаре.

To live, outstanding, mankind, fighter, knowledge, world, scientist, view, to discover, law, famous, establishment, fame, to come, to measure, accuracy, to prove, to die.

c) Найдите данные выше слова в тексте. Назовите форму, в которой они используются в данном тексте.

d) Просмотрите текст еще раз. Выпишите и переведите те слова, которые вы не знаете.
III. Задания для определения грамматических способов связи слов.

Образуйте существительные с помощью данных суффиксов. Переведите исходные и производные слова.

-ist: art, tour, program, geology, humor, special

-er: teach, design, to paint, to examine, to follow, foreign, to bake, to manage

-or: to invent, to inspect, to instruct, to sail, to conduct, to create

-ment: to enjoy, to disappoint, to establish, to state, to arrange, to measure, to move, to develop, to achieve, to govern, to agree

-(t)ion, -(s)ion: to attract, to express, to possess, to dictat(e), to inform, to combin(e), to occup(y), to construct

-ance, -ence: to attend, to perform, to prefer, to exist, to appear, to assist, to differ

Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на предлоги.

He delivers lectures to the students of senior courses.
The lecturer illustrated lectures with tables and figures.
We go there by plane.
We read many interesting things about his biography.
He read much about new discoveries in chemistry.
They met at the conference with their colleagues.
The students of our group make independent research work.

Заполните пропуски предлогами, подходящими по смыслу. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

We have many friends … Moscow. 2) Take the magazines … the shelf and put them … my bag. 3) Peter is a student. He goes … the Institute every day. 4) Our classes usually begin … half past eight. 5) My father is always busy. He works …early morning … late … night. 6) When I am free I go … the cinema or … the theatre. 7) I waited for him … 2 hours. 8) He did not come … he was very busy. 9) I stay at home … 9 o’clock … 11. 10) Ann returns … the Institute … 3 o’clock.

d) Переведите на английский язык.

С утра до вечера; во время моих каникул; в 9.30; с пяти до семи; через 10 минут; в 1993 году; зимой и летом; в мае; с понедельника до субботы; вечером; после занятий; от дома до института; после завтрака; в прошлом году; на этой неделе; в следующем веке.
e) Заполните пропуски притяжательными местоимениями.

We have … English class here. 2) She likes … new dress very much. 3)Paul keeps … books in the book-case. 4) I usually go to see … friends in the evening. 5) They often take … children to this park. 6) Do you help … parents? 7) The film is very interesting, but I don’t remember … title. 8) Mary does … work very well. 9) Mr. Wilson is in … office now. 10) Peter and Ann teach … children music.

f) Поставьте личное местоимение, данное в скобках, в форме объектного падежа.

My friend sends (I) many letters.
His brother knows (you) well.
I often see (they) in the park.
Don’t ask (he) about it.
Do you know French? – No, I don’t know (it) at all.
Sometimes we meet (she) at the Institute.
The lecturer greets (we) every morning.
My son studies together with (he).

g) Вставьте обороты there is, there are.

…2 faculties at our Institute.
… a lecture of physics this week?
Our country is very large, … different types of climate in it.
… not any vacant seat in the class.
How many students … in your group?
… no classes yesterday.
… many new houses in our street in some years.
Some years ago … many plants and factories in our town.
How many mistakes … in my written work?

h) Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения, употребляя обороты there is, there are.

В нашем институте 2 факультета. 2) Какие факультеты есть в вашем институте? 3) На этой неделе будет две лекции по физике. 4) В центре города находится театр. 5) На этой улице будет много магазинов. 6) В нашей группе было 20 студентов. 7) В этом году не будет экзамена по английскому. 8) Какие книги есть в твоей домашней библиотеке?

IV. Задания для подготовки к передаче содержания текста.

a) Прочтите следующие вопросы.

What was Galilei?
When did he live?
What laws did he discover?
When did the real fame come to Galilei?
What did he do in the field of astronomy?

Text 2 NEWTON

1. The great English scientist Isaac Newton was born in a little village in Lincolnshire on December 25, 1642. His father was a farmer. He died before his son's birth. Newton lived with his uncle who sent him to school. As a schoolboy Newton was fond of making different things. For instance, he made a wooden clock that was driven by water. His mind was always busy with observing different phenomena of nature.

2. When Newton was 18 his uncle sent him to the University of Cambridge. At the University Newton studied mathematics. In 1669 he became professor and began to lecture on mathematics and optics at that university.

3. Newton made many experiments with light and found that white light consisted of rays of different colours. He invented the reflecting telescope, that was only an inch in diameter, but it magnified objects forty times. Newton also developed a mathematical method which is now known as the differential and the integral calculus.

4. In 1672 he determined the true size of the Earth and the distance to the Moon. Then he succeeded in calculating the force of gravity between the Sun and the planets and discovered the law of universal gravitation, the greatest achievement in science.

5. Newton showed that the motions of the planets were the natural results of universal gravitation. He proved mathematically the motions of the planets and showed how to calculate the mass of the sun from the speed and distance of any planet. Newton discovered the three basic laws of motion which are the foundation of practical mechanics.

6. Newton devoted all his time to science. His interest was so great that he often forgot everything else, even taking his food. Newton died in 1727 at the age of 84.
Notes:

Isaac Newton [͵aɪzək΄nju:tn], Lincolnshire [͵lɪŋkənʃɪə], the differential and the integral calculus[͵kælkjuləs] – дифференциальное и интегральное исчисление

Задания к тексту 2 NEWTON

I. Задания для общего ознакомления с текстом.

a) Прочтите текст про себя, не останавливаясь на трудных для понимания местах. Ответьте на следующие вопросы на русском языке.

Когда жил и работал Ньютон?
Где он учился?
Чем он прославился?

II. Задания для точного понимания значения слов и групп слов.

a) Дайте однокоренные слова на русском языке следующим интернациональным словам.

Farmer, University, optics, experiment, telescope, diameter, method, distance, gravity, planet, natural, result, basic, practical
b) Переведите следующие слова на русский язык. Если не знаете слово, найдите его значение в словаре.

Uncle, to be fond of, to send, to study, light, ray, different, colour, between, to determine, achievement, to prove, to calculate, motion, food.
c) Просмотрите текст еще раз. Выпишите и переведите те слова, которые вы не знаете.
III. Задания для определения грамматических способов связи слов.

a) Выделите суффиксы существительных и переведите слова на русский язык.

Scientist, lawyer, regularity, development, reporter, literature, operator, pressure, judgement, mechanization, manufacture, cooperation, mixture, pleasure, relationship, kindness, location, strength, activity, knowledge, width, importance, intersection, management, building, childhood, independence, drawing, designer, effectiveness, depth, ownership, breakage, chemist.
b) Вставьте нужную форму личного местоимения.

We worked at (нашей) problem for a week. 2) (Ее) examples are always interesting. 3) (Он) wrote (свою) first scientific work when (он) was a student. 4) Show (нам) a new chemical laboratory. 5) (Они) are proud of (своих) successes in science. 6) (Мы) met (его) at the conference in London. 7) (Мы) know nothing about (ее) experiments. 8) (Он) continued (свою) work on theory of heat. 9) (Она) demonstrated (им) some interesting examples. 10) Those years were the most productive for (него). 11) Tell (мне) about (ваших) results in physics. 12) (Мой) favorite subject at school was history.

c) Вставьте нужную форму глагола “to be”.

Next month his work … completed.
Now his work about electric current … a success.
He … young when the tragedy happened.
In his childhood he… fond of mathematics.
In some years she … a good specialist in the field of astronomy.
Only some months ago we … schoolchildren, now we … students.

d) Вставьте нужную форму глагола “to have”.

Soon they … very interesting results.
He … the same title of a professor as his grandfather.
At that time he … much work to do.
He … a great interest in optics after graduation from the University.
In future she … many talented pupils.
At present he … a number of brilliant discoveries in the field of electricity.

e) Переведите сочетания слов, обращая внимание на значение предлогов.

of: the pressure of water, to speak of something, one of them;

to: to show to the students, to go to the factory, to my surprise, equal to something;

by: to operate by hand, to sit by the window, by 3 o’clock, by plane, divide by 5;

with: to illustrate with tables, to write with a pencil, to speak with the friends, with pleasure;

about: to know about something, to do about 15 experiments, the book about this scientist.
f) Поставьте существительное с предлогом “of” в притяжательный падеж. Предложения переведите.

These young women are the sisters of my colleague.
These are the works of our professor.
This is the classroom of the students.
Those are the drawings of my friend.
The favorite subject of this scientist at school was physics.

g) Определите функции окончания “-s”.

He continues his studies at the Technological Institute.
He studies after his hard day’s work.
This post-graduate student begins his independent research.
The scientist made important discoveries in mathematics.
This laboratory assistant makes interesting experiments.
Everybody knows about this scientist’s interest in electricity.

IV. Задания для подготовки к передаче содержания текста.

a) Прочтите следующие вопросы.

Where and when was Newton born?
Where did he get education?
Where did Newton work?
What did he work at?
What was his contribution to science?

Перескажите текст.

Text 3 M.V. LOMONOSOV (1711-1765)

Mikhail Vasilyevich Lomonosov was a famous Russian writer, chemist and astronomer who made a lot in literature and science.

Lomonosov was born on November 19, 1711, in Denisovka (now Lomonosov), near Archangelsk, and studied at the University of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg. After studying in Germany at the Universities of Marburg and Freiberg, Lomonosov returned to St. Petersburg in 1745 to teach chemistry and built a teaching and research laboratory there four years later.

Lomonosov is a founder of Russian science. He was an innovator in many fields. He anticipated the kinetic theory of gases. He regarded heat as a form of motion, suggested the wave theory of light, and stated the idea of conservation of matter. Lomonosov was the first person to record the freezing of mercury and to observe the atmosphere of Venus.
Lomonosov developed a corpuscular theory of the structure of substance in which he predicted the present-day theory of atoms and molecules. Explaining chemical phenomena through the laws of physics, Lomonosov founded a new science, namely, physical chemistry.

Interested in the development of Russian education, Lomonosov helped to found Moscow State University in 1755, and in the same year he wrote a grammar that reformed the Russian literary language.

In 1760 he published the first history of Russia. He also revived the art of Russian mosaic and built a mosaic and coloured-glass factory. Most of his achievements, however, were unknown outside Russia. He died in St. Petersburg on April 15, 1765.

Задания к тексту 3 LOMONOSOV

I. Задания для общего ознакомления с текстом.

a) Прочтите текст про себя, не останавливаясь на трудных для понимания местах. Ответьте на следующие вопросы на русском языке.

Где учился и работал Ломоносов?
В каких областях науки работал Ломоносов?
Каков вклад Ломоносова а развитие Российского образования?

II. Задания для точного понимания значения слов и групп слов.

a) Дайте однокоренные слова на русском языке следующим интернациональным словам.

Astronomer, literature, academy, innovator, kinetic, theory, matter, atmosphere, structure, molecule, history, mosaic, grammar.
b) Переведите следующие слова на русский язык. Если не знаете слово, найдите его значение в словаре.

To return, to develop, to regard, heat, to suggest, conservation, mercury, to observe, substance, to predict, to found, language, however, unknown.
III. Задания для определения грамматических способов связи слов.

a) Образуйте прилагательные с помощью данных суффиксов.

-ful: use, wonder, power, beauty, peace, care, harm

-less: motion, weight, noise, hope, ground

-ic: period, bas(e), atmospher(e), magnet

-al: physic(s), natur(e), experiment, mathematic(s)

-able: valu(e), change, measur(e), compar(e)

-ent: differ, insist, depend

-ant: resist, observe

-ive: effect, act, product, mass, detect
b) В выделенных сочетаниях укажите существительные, образованные с помощью суффиксов, данные сочетания переведите.

The usage of a word, the simplicity of an equation, the expression of relativity, the roughness of the surface, temperature readings, atom structure, the solution of the problem, the productivity of a worker, the efficiency of the method, the equality of positions.
c) Вставьте нужную форму глагола “to be” и “to have”.

At the age of 12 he (to be) a shop-assistant.
He (to have) many friends who helped him in his work.
Now he (to be) famous for his discoveries in a sphere of electricity.
This theory (to have) a wide application all over the world now.
A very interesting article on electricity (to be) in this magazine soon.
They (to have) a solution of this important problem in some months.
She (to be) 19 when she entered the University.
He (to have) great abilities in such subjects as physics and mathematics.
Now he (to be) a well-known scientist in our country and abroad.
He (to have) a new laboratory where he will carry out atomic research.

d) Вставьте нужную форму some, any, no, every.

(Кто-то) wants to see you. 2) I have (ничего) to say. 3) He saw (никого) in the room. 4) Have you (сколько-нибудь) English books? 5) He lives (где-то) near our Institute. 6) I have (нет) questions for you. 7) I attend lectures (каждый) day. 8) He knew (ничего) about it. 9) We want to know (все) about our town. 10) You may choose (любой) exam you like.

e) Переведите на английский язык.

Он был где-то здесь. 2) Попроси кого-нибудь помочь. 3) Она ничего не спросила о его проблемах. 4) Каждый что-нибудь знает о своем родном городе. 5) Кто-нибудь был на последней лекции? 6) Спроси об этом любого студента. 7) Мы знаем что-то интересное. 8) Ничего полезного здесь нет. 9) Я не был нигде, кроме Москвы. 10) Все любят отдыхать.

f) Вставьте нужную форму many, much, little, few, a little, a few.

There are (много) buses in Moscow. 2) I have not (много) time for study. 3) Don’t make so (много) noise. 4) He knows (много) interesting things. 5) I have (мало) time for study. 6) You made (мало) mistakes in your dictation. 7)She reads (мало). 8) There are (немного) apples on the table. 9) I have got (немного) money with me. 10) There is (немного) tea in the cup.

g) Переведите на английский язык.

У него много работы. 2) У нас есть немного свободного времени. 3) Здесь совсем мало людей. 4) В этом журнале много интересных статей. 5) Дай мне немного молока. 6) Ученый сделал много открытий. 7) У меня мало знаний в области химии. 8) Он знает много. 9) Она помогла мне немного. 10) У нас будет много проблем.

h) Переведите на английский язык следующие группы слов, используя нужные предлоги.

С помощью друга; название книги; в нашей лаборатории; через неделю; зимой и летом; в 3 часа дня; около месяца; через дорогу (мост); среди друзей; с утра до вечера; ручкой или карандашом; начало года; специалисты из Англии; один из них; из-за моего брата; на уроке физики; новыми методами; к концу семестра.
IV. Задания для подготовки к передаче содержания текста.

a) Прочтите следующие вопросы.

What’s Lomonosov?
What fields of science did he take interest in?
What did he help to find?
What were his most important discoveries?
When did Lomonosov die?

Text 4 THE STEPHENSONS

1. George Stephenson was a British inventor and engineer. He is famous for building the first practical railway locomotive.

2. Stephenson was born in 1781 in England. During his youth he worked as a fireman and later as an engineer in the coal mines of Newcastle. He invented one of the first miner's safety lamps independently of the British inventor Humphrey Davy.

3. Stephenson's early locomotives carried loads in coal mines, and in 1823 he established a factory at Newcastle for their manufacture. In 1829 he designed a locomotive known as the Rocket, which could carry both loads and passengers at a greater speed than any locomotive constructed at that time.

4. The success of the Rocket was the beginning of the construction of locomotives and the laying of railway lines.

5. Robert Stephenson, George Stephenson’s son was a British civil engineer. He is mostly well-known known for the construction of several notable bridges.

6. He was born in 1803. He was educated in Newcastle and at the University of Edinburgh. In 1829 he assisted his father in constructing a locomotive known as the Rocket, and four years later he became construction engineer of the Birmingham and London Railway.

7. Stephenson built several famous bridges, including the Victoria Bridge in England, the Britannia Bridge in Wales, two bridges across the Nile in Egypt and the Victoria Bridge in Montreal, Canada.
Notes:

Stephenson [΄stɪ:vnsn], Humphrey Davy [͵hʌmfrɪ ΄deɪvɪ], Edinburgh[΄edɪnbərə], Birmingham[΄bə:mɪŋəm], Montreal[͵mɔntrɪ΄ɔ:l], Canada[΄kænədə]

Задания к тексту 4 THE STEPHENSONS
I. Задания для общего ознакомления с текстом.

a) Прочтите текст про себя, не останавливаясь на трудных для понимания местах. Ответьте на следующие вопросы на русском языке.

Где и когда жили изобретатели Стивенсоны?
Какие изобретения принадлежат Стивенсону-отцу?
Чем занимался Стивенсон-сын?

II. Задания для точного понимания значения слов и групп слов.

a) Дайте однокоренные слова на русском языке следующим интернациональным словам.

Engineer, locomotive, to design, speed, to construct, line, to assist, lamp, passenger, practical, University.
b) Переведите следующие слова на русский язык. Если не знаете слово, найдите его значение в словаре.

Building, railway, fireman, coal, mine, loads, to establish, to manufacture, factory, success, bridge, several, to include, to invent, civil.
c) Просмотрите текст еще раз. Выпишите и переведите те слова, которые вы не знаете.
III. Задания для определения грамматических способов связи слов.

a) Образуйте глаголы с помощью данных суффиксов:

-en: length, strength, hard, wid(e), broad

-ify: solid, pur(e), simpl(e)

-ize: crystal, character
и наречия с помощью суффикса

-ly: simple, normal, usual, complete, hard, direct
b) Данные ниже слова распределите по 4 группам (существительные, прилагательные, глаголы и наречия).

Leadership, internal, justify, ability, nearly, formation, babyhood, cutter, crystallize, greatly, soften, basic, deepen, various, hopeless, capable, hardly, illness, active, department, lengthen, measurement, responsible, combination, atomic, thankful, lighten, accurately, achievement, magnify, famous, inventor.
c) Определите функции окончания “-s”.

He carries out physical experiments.
The professor lectured at the University more than 10 years ago.
My sister’s favorite subject at school was English.
Today he begins to work at our laboratory.
We found some interesting articles on chemistry.
The work’s title was “Radioactivity”.
The great physicist takes interest in materials’ conductivity.

d) Употребите прилагательные и наречия, указанные в скобках, в сравнительной или превосходной степени.

My native town is the (good) town for me. 2) It is the (beautiful) lake in the North. 3) The institute is (far) than you think. 4) The (good) way to go there is by plane. 5) This subject is the (difficult). 6) You have got (much) time than I have. 7) I think it is (little) important for him than for me. 8) It is the (important) discovery in the century. 9) New impressions make our life (good) and (interesting). 10) You have (good) opportunity to do it.

e) Употребите предложения в прошедшем и будущем времени, используя обстоятельства времени.

They are the closest friends.
He has some inventions.
There are a lot of different devices in this research institute.
The elements have similar properties.
New materials are of great interest.
They have a simple method of solution.

f) Используйте в следующих предложениях предлоги, эквивалентные русским падежам.

The students always try to make experiments … their own hands. 2)There is something interesting …the properties … this substance. 3) To solve this problem … an old method is impossible. 4) The volume … a milliliter is equal … a cubic centimeter. 5) In the first year students have a lot …important subjects … the Institute. 6) The most important task was to supply the country … electricity. 7) The discovery … X-rays had a great value for mankind. 8) We know … his school … talented physicists.

g) Составьте предложения из следующих слов. Предложения переведите.

lecture, students, of, are, today, many, at, there, the, mathematics.
College, men, and, these, English, study, an, young, at, women, technical.
special, we, in, two, or, laboratories, years, a, shall, building, have, three, for.

IV. Задания для подготовки к передаче содержания текста.

a) Прочтите следующие вопросы.

What was Stephenson-father?
What was he famous for?
What was his son?
What did he construct?
Where did Stephenson-son work?

Перескажите текст.

Text 5 D.I. MENDELEYEV

1. D.I. Mendeleyev, the great Russian chemist, was born in Siberia on February 8, 1834. At the age of seven he went to gymnasium at Tobolsk. He studied very hard, and especially liked mathematics, physics and history. At the age of 16 he entered the Pedagogical Institute in St. Petersburg, physico-mathematical department. He graduated from the Institute in 1855 and began to teach chemistry at the Technological Institute and then at the University. In 1865 Mendeleyev was granted the Doctor of Science degree for the thesis on the combination of alcohol with water. This work was both of great theoretical and practical significance. Soon after that D.I. Mendeleyev was appointed Professor of General Chemistry of St. Petersburg University. Despite lectures and supervision of the laboratory, D.I. Mendeleyev carried out great research work.

2. Mendeleyev’s greatest discovery was the Periodic Law. The Periodic Law suggested by Mendeleyev stated that the properties of the elements were a periodic function of their atomic masses. He presented this work to the Russian Chemical Society. Mendeleyev’s Periodic Law opened a new era in the history of chemistry.

3. Mendeleyev worked in many branches of science, indeed there is hardly any field of science that he did not make his contribution. His numerous works dealt with many subjects: properties of liquids, theories of solutions, the development of the gas law, the use of oil and many others.

4. D.I. Mendeleyev was a great patriot. He did everything for the development and progress of his country. D.I. Mendeleyev continued his research work to the very last day of his life. He died in 1907.

5. The world is thankful to Mendeleyev for his great contribution to the world science. At present there is hardly anybody who knows nothing about this Russian scientist and his Periodic Law. We are proud of D.I. Mendeleyev who did so much for his country, for the development of the world science.

Задания к тексту 5 D.I. MENDELEYEV

Где учился и работал Менделеев?
Какой закон он открыл?
Кто продолжил его работу?

II. Задания для точного понимания значения слов и групп слов.

a) Дайте однокоренные слова на русском языке следующим интернациональным словам.

Chemist, Siberia, gymnasium, pedagogical, technological, combination, alcohol, periodic, function, atomic, mass, era, contribution, patriot, progress.
b) Переведите следующие слова на русский язык. Если не знаете слово, найдите его значение в словаре.

Especially, to enter, to graduate from, degree, thesis, significance, to carry out, research, property, society, in the branch of, almost, to be proud of, thankful.
c) Найдите данные выше слова в тексте. Назовите форму, в которой они используются в данном тексте.

d) Просмотрите текст еще раз. Выпишите и переведите те слова, которые вы не знаете.

III. Задания для определения грамматических способов связи слов.

a) Образуйте глаголы от существительных посредством переноса ударения, прочтите эти слова, дайте их перевод.

Progress, process, increase, export, present, object, record, project.
b) Прочтите однокоренные слова, образованные с помощью суффиксов, дайте их перевод.

faith - faithful - faithless - faithfulness - faithfully

legislate - legislation - legislative - legislator - legislature

demonstrate - demonstrative - demonstration - demonstrator
c) Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на различные значения предлогов.

For some years I lived abroad. 2) His work was a great surprise for scientists all over the world. 3) She didn’t answer the question for she was not ready for the lesson. 4) As the time passes, mechanisms become more complex. 5) There are two kinds of transformations known as physical and chemical. 6)As he is busy now, he will not do this work in time. 7) I haven’t seen him since my last vacations. 8) Since the Moon is the nearest body to the Earth we know much about it. 9) How much time has passed since Popov invented radio? 10) It takes less time to travel by air than by train. 11) He occupies the place by the window. 12) They had finished the experiment by 8 o’clock.

d) Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление количественных местоимений и их синонимов.

The scientist presented a few methods of solution of this important problem. 2) A lot of changes took place in this field of knowledge. 3) If you work much, you will have good results. 4) Many listeners from abroad were present at the conference. 5) There are few students in the large laboratory. 6) Our country has a great number of research institutes. 7) Pour a little more water into the glass. 8) Little is known about this substance. 9) Mendeleyev predicted some unknown elements.

e) Определите, является ли слово глаголом или существительным. Переведите данные словосочетания.

1) he experiments, his experiments, those experiments; he measures, the measures, these measures, it measures, no measures; it lights, its lights, some lights, she lights;

2) he remains, it converts, their advances, she appears, interesting researches, it connects, high degrees, there exists, by means.
f) Заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями по смыслу. Предложения переведите.

There are … methods which we can use in our work.
Do you know … about this phenomenon? – No, I know … about it.
Are there … new instruments in your lab? – Yes, there are … .
If you don’t know the answer, ask … to help you.
I usually spend my vacations … in the country.
The problem was so difficult that … solved it.
He didn’t ask … to show him the way.

g) Раскройте скобки, обращая внимание на производные местоимения.

Has (кто-нибудь) in this group a dictionary? 2) There is (кто-то) in the next room. 3) Did you see him (где-нибудь)? 4) We met them (каждый) day. 5)Take (любую) book you like. 6) Is there (кто-нибудь) who knows English? 7) Will you go (куда-нибудь) in summer? 8) I think there is (никого) in the office now.

h) Раскройте скобки, обращая внимание на количественные местоимения.

Please, don’t ask me (много) questions. 2) How (много) money have you got? 3) I don’t like (много) sugar in my tea. 4) (Многие) of my friends are preparing for their exam now. 5) I have (немного) free time.6) She eats (мало) bread. 7) He always has (много) work to do.

i) Переведите предложения.

В стакане есть немного молока. 2) У них очень мало друзей. 3) Я провожу каждую свободную минуту у компьютера. 4) Никто не знает правды. 5) Ты можешь взять эту книгу в любой библиотеке. 6) Кто-нибудь может провести этот опыт? 7) У нее мало информации об этом явлении.

IV. Задания для подготовки к передаче содержания текста.

a) Прочтите следующие вопросы.

When and where did Mendeleyev live and study?
What branch of science did he work in?
What was his greatest discovery?
What did his law state?
How long did he continue his research work?

b) Прочтите текст про себя и выпишите предложения, которые могут быть использованы для ответа на вопросы.

c) Ответьте на вышеуказанные вопросы, используя выписанные предложения. Если необходимо, предложения сократите.

d) Перескажите текст.
Модуль 2
ЛИЧНАЯ ФОРМА ГЛАГОЛА
Глаголы английского языка могут употребляться в личной или неличной формах. Глагол в личной форме в предложении всегда является сказуемым. Личная форма указывает на лицо, число, время, залог и наклонение глагола.

Можно выделить 3 основные группы времен:

1. Simple (Indefinite) – неопределенное.

2. Progressive (Continuous) – продолженные или несовершенные.

3. Perfect - перфектные или совершенные.

Каждая группа включает настоящее (present), прошедшее (past) и будущее (future).
1. ГРУППА SIMPLE(INDEFINITE)
Simple Tenses употребляются для обозначения действия, которое является обычным, совершается постоянно, повторяется, т.е. не ограничено временем.
Схема времен группы Simple(Indefinite)

Present	Past	Future
I. форма глагола для всех лиц, кроме 3 лица ед. ч. I work (take). They work (take). I форма с окончанием –S в 3 лице ед. ч. He works (takes). It works (takes).	II форма глагола для всех лиц (у правильных глаголов окончания-ed) I worked (took). They worked (took). He worked (took). It worked (took).	Will+ I форма глагола (в первом лице иногда shall) I will work (take). They will work (take). He will work (take) It will work (take)

Пример:

The teacher always helps her students.

She helped him to translate this text yesterday.

He will help us.

Преподаватель всегда помогает своим студентам.

Вчера она помогла ему перевести этот текст.

Он поможет нам.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 ... 15

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Text 1 GREAT SCHOLAR OF THE RENAISSANCE

Galileo [͵gælɪ΄lɪ:ou], Renaissance [rɪ΄neɪsəns], Jupiter [΄ʤu:pɪtə], Venus [΄vɪ:nəs], surveillance [sə:΄veɪləns] – надзор наблюдение, Pisa[΄pɪ:zə], Padua [΄pa:duə].

Задания к тексту 1 GREAT SCHOLAR OF THE RENAISSANCE

Text 2 NEWTON

Задания к тексту 2 NEWTON

Text 3 M.V. LOMONOSOV (1711-1765)

Задания к тексту 3 LOMONOSOV

Text 4 THE STEPHENSONS

Text 5 D.I. MENDELEYEV

Задания к тексту 5 D.I. MENDELEYEV

Past

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