Учебное пособие по обучению чтению для студентов 1 курса всех специальностей Под редакцией доцента Э. Я. Иванова

Text 4 WILHELM ROENTGEN

1. Professor Wilhelm Roentgen was watching the mysterious illumination produced by an electric discharge in a tube without any air. The illumination started at the negative electrode, or “cathode”. When the rays hit the glass of the tube, it glowed with a greenish light.

2. On November 5, 1895, Roentgen put his cathode ray tube in a box of black cardboard and darkened the room. He wanted to watch the illumination without outside light. In the darkness he saw some light that did not come from the tube. He happened to have a sheet of paper coated with a chemical, barium platinocyanide, away from the tube. He used the paper in experiments because this was one of the chemicals that glowed near cathode ray tube. But why was it glowing then?

3. He had discovered something invisible that acted through cardboard. It was at the University of Wurzburg in Bavaria that he discovered his penetrating rays and became world famous. His mysterious rays got the name Roentgen after their discoverer.

4. Roentgen himself gave his rays the mathematical symbol for the unknown, he called them X-rays. Roentgen investigated many important properties of X-rays. They had a much greater penetrating powers than cathode rays and magnetic and electric field did not bend them. Usually years pass between a new scientific discovery and its practical use. But with X-rays the applications came quickly. Soon X-rays were in common use in medical practice.

5. In industry, too, these rays have applications. They can detect internal defects in the structure of metals. In chemical research their employment helps to probe the structure of crystals and of complex molecules. In short, Roentgen’s discovery was a new way to make the invisible visible.

Задания к тексту 4 WILHELM ROENTGEN

1. 
   Что открыл Рентген?
   
2. 
   Где применяются рентгеновские лучи?
   

Illumination, electric, negative, cathode, practical, medical, industry, structure, crystals.

Discharge, to glow, invisible, rays, to investigate, application, research.

4. 
   Найдите в тексте существительные, которые образованы от следующих глаголов и переведите их.
   

4. 
   Переведите на русский язык следующие пары синонимов.
   

3. 
   greenish light c) таинственные лучи
   
4. 
   cathode-ray tube d) электрический разряд
   

1. 
   Прочитайте и скажите, к каким частям речи относятся однокоренные слова. Переведите их на русский язык.
   

1. 
   Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays in 1880.
   
2. 
   When the rays hit the glass of the tube, it glowed with a reddish light.
   
3. 
   Roentgen became world-famous when he worked at the University of Stockholm in Sweden.
   
4. 
   Roentgen gave his rays the name X-rays.
   
5. 
   Many years passed between the discovery of X-rays and their practical use.
   

1. 
   Where did Roentgen discover his penetrating rays?
   
2. 
   Why did he call them X-rays?
   
3. 
   Where do people use X-rays nowadays?