Учебное пособие включает дидактический материал, упражнения и аудирование, направленные на формирование коммуникативных навыков у изучающих английский язык.

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Название	Учебное пособие включает дидактический материал, упражнения и аудирование, направленные на формирование коммуникативных навыков у изучающих английский язык.
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Тип	Учебное пособие

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Exercise1.Put the verbs in brackets in the affirmative, interrogative or negative form in the Present Simple.

1. I (to do) morning exercises. 2. He (to work) at a factory. 3. She (to sleep) after dinner. 4. We (to work) part-time. 5. They (to drink) tea every day. 6. Mike (to be) a student.
7. Helen (to have) a car. 8. You (to be) a good friend. 9. You (to be) good friends. 10. It (to be) difficult to remember everything.

Exercise2.Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple.

1.Alice (to have) a sister. 2. Her sister’s name (to be) Ann. 3. Ann (to be) a student. 4. She (to get) up at seven o'clock. 5. She (to go) to the institute in the morning. 6. Jane (to be) fond of sports. 7. She (to do) her morning exercises every day. 8. For breakfast she (to have) two eggs, a sandwich and a cup of tea. 9. After breakfast she (to go) to the institute. 10. Sometimes she (to take) a bus. 11. It (to take) her an hour and a half to do her homework. 12. She (to speak) English well. 13. Her friends usually (to call) her at about 8 o’clock. 14. Ann (to take) a shower before going to bed. 15. She (to go) to bed at 11 p. m.
Exercise 3. Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple.

1.My working day (to begin) at six o'clock. 2. I (to get) up, (to switch) on the TV and (to brush) my teeth. 3. It (to take) me about twenty minutes. 4. I (to have) breakfast at seven o’clock. 5. I (to leave) home at half past seven. 6. I (to take) a bus to the institute. 7. It usually (to take) me about fifteen minutes to get there. 8. Classes (to begin) at eight. 9. We usually (to have) four classes a day. 10. I (to have) lunch at about 2 o’clock.
Exercise 4. Put the verbs in brackets in the Present Simple. Mind the form of the sentence (affirmative, interrogative or negative).

1.They _____ football at the institute. (to play) 2) She _____ emails. (not / to write) 3) ____ you____ English? (to speak) 4) My mother ____ fish. (not / to like) 5) ____ Ann ____ any friends? (to have) 6) His brother _____ in an office. (to work) 7) She ___ very fast. (cannot / to read) 8) ____ they ____ the flowers every 3 days? (to water) 9) His wife _____ a motorbike. (not / to ride) 10) ____ Elizabeth_____ coffee? (to drink)

Exercise5.Put the verb “to be”in the necessary form in the Present Simple.

1. I ... a student. 2. My father ... not a shop-assistant, he ... a scientist. 3. ... your aunt a nurse? - Yes, she ... . 4. ... they at home? - No, they ... not. They ... at school. 5. ... you an engineer? - Yes, I.... 6. ... your friend a photographer? No, she ... not a photographer, she ... a student. 7. ... your brothers at school? - Yes, they ... . 8. ... this her watch? - Yes, it ... . 9. Max ... an office-worker. 10. We ... late, sorry!

Exercise6.Translate into English.

1.Оназанята.(tobebusy) 2. Я не занят. 3. Вы заняты? 4. Онидома? (tobeathome) 5. Его нет дома. 6. Я не знаю. 7. Они знают? 8. Она не знает. 9. Кто знает? 10. Никто не знает. 11. Он читает английские книги? (toreadEnglishbooks) 12. Они никогда не читают. (never / toread) 13. У неё есть квартира? (tohave a flat) 14. У него ничего нет. 15. Это кто?
ThePresentContinuous (Progressive) Tense
Настоящее длительное (продолженное) время

Типпредложения	Действительныйзалог	страдательный залог
утвердительное	I am asking. He (she, it) is asking. You (we, they) are asking.	I am being asked. He (she, it) is being asked. You (we, they) are being asked.
вопросительное	Am I asking? Is he (she, it) asking? Are you (we, they) asking?	Am I being asked? Is he (she, it) being asked? Are you (we, they) being asked?
отрицательное	I am not asking. He (she, it) is not asking. You (we, they) are not asking.	I am not being asked. He (she, it) is not being asked. You (we, they) are not being asked.

СЛУЧАИУПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ

№	случай употребления	пример
1	Действие в развитии, незаконченное, происходящее в момент речи	I am writing a letter to my sister now, don’t bother me. Я сейчас пишу письмо сестре, не беспокой меня.
2	Действие в ближайшем будущем (обычно с обстоятельством времени)	My wife is coming in a minute. Моя жена придет через минуту.

Exercises
Exercise 1. Write the -ing forms of these words.

Rain – raining

Work – Eat – Read – Clean – Do – Wait – Look – Walk – Play – Climb – Sing – Ski — Put – putting Swim – Sit – Stop – Run – Jog – Skip – Hop – Get — Leave – leaving Smoke – Shine – Write – Come – Dance – Make – Ride — Die – dying Lie –
Exercise 2.Заполнитаблицу.

I am playing.

He ___ ______.

She ___ ______.

It is ______.

We ___ ______.

You ___ playing

They ___ ______.

Exercise 3. Read what a boy is saying. Write in am, is or are.

A) I'm in the park. I can see some children. They ____ playing volleyball. There's my friend Greg! He ____ reading a book.The girl ____ eating a sandwich.The boy and the dog ____ playing with a ball. They can't see me because I ____ sitting in a tree. What ___ you doing? ____ you listening to me? B) Look! The children ____ jumping.The cat ____ sleeping now.My friend and I ____ not dancing now.Dave ___ reading now. Look! I ___ swimming.
Exercise 4. Write the words in the ing-form form. Feed, walk, wash, play, do

Can I speak to Brad, please? I'm sorry, he's _________ his pet now. Can I speak to Paul, please? I'm sorry, he's _________ his homework now. What about Kelly? No, sorry, she's _________ her pet in the park now. Can I speak to Jenny then? Sorry, she's__________ the dishes now. Can I speak to Alice or Alex, please? I'm sorry, they're_______ tennis now.
Exercise 5. Make up negative sentences in Present Progressive. the sofa / Sam / is / on / not / sitting. Are / playing / not / the cats. cooking / Mother / not / my / is Reading / friends / her / are / not
Exercise 6. Make up questions. now / Tom / coffee / is / drinking? playing / Now / the / boys / are? the / skipping / girl / now / is? the / eating / fish / cats / are?

Revision

Match places where you can eat and their definitions:

1	Cafe	A	a place that serves alcohol and soft drinks (= non-alcoholic drinks like fruit juice and lemonade); you can usually have a meal or a snack there too
2	Restaurant	B	you can get a quick hot meal there, for example burger and chips
3	Bar/pub	C	you can have a cup of tea/coffee and a snack there (= something small to eat like a sandwich or a cake). They sometimes serve meals there too
4	Sandwich bar	D	you take what you want, pay for it and carry it to your table
5	Fast food restaurant	E	a place that serves lots of different kinds of sandwiches. People usually buy sandwiches and take them to eat in a different place, at work or in the park
6	Self-service restaurant/cafe	F	you go there for a full meal; more expensive than a cafe

2. Choose one of the words in the box which can go with each of the words in each group:

steak omelette potatoes gateau salad soup

1. You can have tomato / vegetable / chicken ……….. to start.

2. Would you like a cheese / ham / plain.....................?

3. I'll have the chicken / ham / fruit......................

4. I'd like some roast /mashed /new.....................

5. Can I have the chocolate/strawberry/apricot...................please.

6. Do you like your...................well-done/medium/rare?
3. There are some mistakes in this dialogue. Correct the mistakes:

WAITER: Are you ready for order?

CUSTOMER: Yes. I like vegetable soup and steak, please.

WAITER: What would you like your steak? Rare, medium or done good?

CUSTOMER: Rare, please.

WAITER: What you would like to drink?

CUSTOMER: Cup of coffee, please.

4. Find twelve names of foods and drinks:

d	a	g	p	g	e	w	l	m	u	s	a
g	s	h	i	h	i	x	p	s	a	q	g
r	e	n	n	k	l	v	o	d	a	v	e
a	p	c	e	f	m	m	v	g	a	n	c
o	d	h	a	m	b	u	s	h	r	l	i
m	u	s	p	p	l	r	d	c	o	q	w
i	l	k	u	l	e	g	q	e	m	l	o
l	j	e	h	y	t	e	a	f	s	z	l
d	u	i	f	b	j	r	y	b	o	e	l
i	w	c	e	q	u	l	r	n	b	r	y
l	h	w	i	w	r	t	a	t	e	e	h
n	q	o	n	e	f	p	e	h	c	o	f

5.Listen to a British couple writing a shopping list (Track 4). Mark the things they are going to buy with the letter A and the things they are not going to buy with the letter B. untitled-scanned-05

Coke lemonade

Coffee fruit juice

Sausages fish

Crisps chocolate

Biscuits apples

Oranges potatoes

carrots
GRAMMAR

6.PRESENT SIMPLE. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. Write out three sentences with the Present Simple Tense and three sentences with the Present Continuous Tense from the text in exercise 1, Unit 2.
7. PRESENT SIMPLE. Choose the right variant:

1. My mother... a bad headache.

A have got Вam С has got

2. Where the Johnsons (live) ?

A Where do the Johnsons live?

ВWhere are the Johnsons live?

СWhere does the Johnsons live?

3. Margie and her sister... wonderful voices.

A does Вhas got Сhave got

4. I (not/understand) that man because I (not/know) English.

A not understand, don't know

Вdon't understand, not know

Сdon't understand, don't know

5.-... you... any time to help me? -Sorry, I....

A Do you have, don't

ВHave you got, am not

СDo you have, have got

6. Everybody in our family (help) Mummy about the house. Dad (walk) the dog, I (water) the flowers, and my brothers (clean) the rooms.

A help, walks, water, clean

Вhelps, walks, water, clean

Сhelp, walks, water, cleans

5. ..Jane Smith (speak) English?

A Is ... speak ВDoes ... speak СDo ... speaks

8. The Browns... a nice house in the country.

A has got Вhave got

9. … you (like) swimming?

A Do you like ВDoes you like С Are you like

10.... Bob (know) what I want?

A Bob knows ВDo Bob knows С Does Bob know
8. PRESENT CONTINUOUS. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Continuous:

1. - Where are our children? It's quiet at home. - They (lie) on the carpet and (draw).

2. - What you (do) now?

-I (look for) my key. I can't open the door.

3. Listen! Somebody (sing) a lovely song.

4. Why you (put on) the coat? It's sunny today.

5. Don't make so much noise. I (try) to work.

6. Why you (cry)? Is something wrong?

7. Let's go for a walk. It (not / rain) now.

8. Why you (not / hurry)? I (wait) for you.

9.1 don't speak any foreign language, but I (learn) English now

10. We (spend) next weekend at home.
9.PRESENT CONTINUOUS AND PRESENT SIMPLE. Say whether the underlined verbs are right. Correct those which are wrong:

Examples: I don't go there often. RIGHT.

Please don't interrupt. He talks sense. WRONG- is talking

Look! Someone is coming up to the back door.
Do you talk about my book? I hope you like it.
Are you believing in ghosts ?
Listen! Somebody tries to start the car.
He always goes there in the springtime.
I'm thinking he is a good chap.
We're usually going to Hampton by train.

10. PRESENT CONTINUOUS AND PRESENT SIMPLE. Put the verb into the correct form, thePresent Continuousor the Present Simple.

These things_______________(not/belong) to my parents.
Look! He_______________(come). I (want) to speak to him.
This stream___(flow) to the lake at the bottom of the valley.
Today the river__________ (flow) much faster than usual.
____________ (it/ever/rain) on Madeira ?
They usually (grow) vegetables in their garden but this year they ______(not/grow) any.
A: Can you ride a bicycle? B: No, but I____________(learn).
You can borrow my dictionary. I____________ (not/need) it at the moment.
I usually__________ (enjoy) music but I (not/enjoy) this record very much.
___(not/believe) this man's story.
Where is Andy?" - "Mary____________ (read) her a bed-time story."
Modern trains__________________(go) very fast.
'I'm afraid I must go now." - "Where you______________(go)?"
"I _______(go) to have lunch with my partner."
It ________ (be) the early bird that___________ (catch) the worm.
"Why you_______(laugh)?" - she cried, 'Because _________(talk) nonsense".
He_______ (laugh) best, who______ (laugh) last.
Actions______ (speak) louder than words.
Eric______ (speak) to the dean, and they both_______ (smile).
'I've got a headache," Milly moaned. "Get me some painkiller. My head_____ (split).
I'm so careless. I always________________ (forget) my keys.

UNIT 4

SHOPPING

The past simple (indefinite) tense

тип предложения	Действительныйзалог	Страдательныйзалог
утвердительное	I (he, she, it, we, you, they) asked.	I (he, she, it) was asked. You (we, they) were asked.
вопросительное	Did I (he, she, it, we, you, they) ask?	Was I (he, she, it) asked? Were you (we, they) asked?
отрицательное	I (he, she, it, we, you, they) did not ask.	I (he, she, it) wasnot asked. You (we, they) were not asked.

СЛУЧАЙ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ	ПРИМЕР
Действие в прошлом, произошедшее в какой-либо указанный момент	Yesterday I wrote a letter to my sister. Вчера я написал письмо своей сестре.
Регулярно повторяющееся действие в прошлом (часто со словами everydayкаждый день, oftenчасто, atfirstсначала и т. д.)	He wrote letters to his parents every day. Он писал письма родителям каждый день.
В этом случае часто вместо PastSimple употребляется оборот usedto + инфинитив, который также может указывать на длительность периода действия в прошлом	He used to play football. Раньше он играл в футбол.
Последовательные действия в прошлом	He came home, had his dinner and went to bed at once. Он пришел домой, поужинал и сразу лег спать.

Форма глагола в PastSimple (Indefinite) действительного залога образуется прибавлением к основе правильного глагола суффикса -ed (tostartначинать — startedначал), а для неправильных глаголов — совпадает со второй формой (tobeginначинать — beganначал).

ПРАВИЛО	ПРИМЕР
Нечитаемая конечная -е отбрасывается	toplaceразмещать -placedразместил
Если слово заканчивается на -y, а перед ней стоит одна согласная, то -y меняется на -i-	tocryплакать - criedплакал
Если же перед -y стоит гласная, то -y не изменяется	to playиграть - played играл
Если слово заканчивается на одну согласную, а перед ней стоит краткий ударный слог (обычно одна ударная гласная), то конечная согласная удваивается	tostopостанавливаться - stoppedостановился
Двусложныеили многосложные глаголы, оканчивающиеся на одну согласную с предшествующим кратким гласным звуком, удваивают конечную согласную только в том случае, если ударение падает на последний слог	topermit разрешать -permittedразрешил; Но: tolimitограничивать - limitedограничил (последний слог безударный)
Если глагол оканчивается на -l, то -l удваивается независимо от того, падает ли ударение на последний слог или нет	totravelпутешествовать - travelledпутешествовал, to cancel отменять - cancelled отменил,
По правилам орфографии, принятой в США, -l удваивается только в том случае, когда ударение падает на последний слог	compelledзаставил; Но: traveledпутешествовал, canceledотменил

ОКОНЧАНИЕ -ED ПРОИЗНОСИТСЯ:
[d]	После звонких согласных (кроме d) и гласных	lived [livd], informed [infо:md]
[t]	После глухих согласных (кроме t)	helped [helpt], asked [а:skt]
[id]	После d и t	waited [‘weitid], intended [in’tendid]

Для образования вопросительных и отрицательных предложений в PastSimple (Indefinite) действительного залога используется форма прошедшего времени глагола todo - did (для всех лиц и чисел). При этом основной глагол ставится в форме инфинитива (поскольку did уже несет в себе значение PastSimple (Indefinite) действительного залога). В вопросительных предложениях did ставится перед подлежащим. В отрицательных - за did следует отрицание not. Краткаяформадля did not - didn't:

Did you see him yesterday? Тывиделеговчера?

He did not (= didn't) understand the new material. Он не понял новый материал.

Краткий утвердительный ответ на общий вопрос в PastSimple (Indefinite) действительного залога: Yes, I (he, she, it, we, you, they) did. Да.

Краткий отрицательный ответ на общий вопрос в PastSimple (Indefinite) действительного залога: No, I (he, she, it, we, you, they) didn't. Нет.

Глаголу tobe не требуется вспомогательного глагола did для образования вопросительных и отрицательных предложений.

При образовании вопросительного предложения соответствующая форма глагола tobe (was/were) ставится на первое место: WasIwrong? Я был не прав? Washeill? Он был болен? Wereyouallright? С вами было всё в порядке?

В отрицательных предложениях после соответствующей формы глагола tobe (was/were) ставится отрицание not (краткие формы: wasnot = wasn't, werenot = weren't): Hewasnotathome. Его не было дома. Theywerenotreadyyesterday. Они не были готовы вчера.

Глагол tohave, имеющий в прошедшем времени форму had для всех лиц и чисел, может образовывать вопросительные и отрицательные предложения как со вспомогательным глаголом did, так и без него: Hadyouacar? = Did you have a car? У Васбыламашина? Had he a pencil? = Didhehaveapencil? У него был карандаш? Однако более грамотным и предпочтительным является вариант со вспомогательным глаголом did.

Краткаяформа: had not = hadn't: I hadn't a car. = I didn't have a car. У меня не было машины. И в этом случае предпочтительным является вариант со вспомогательным глаголом did.

ThePastContinuous (Progressive) Tense
Прошедшее длительное (продолженное) время

Тип предложения	Действительный залог	страдательный залог
утвердительное	I (he, she, it) was asking. You (we, they) were asking.	I (he, she, it) was being asked. You (we, they) were being asked.
вопросительное	Was I (he, she, it) asking? Were you (we, they) asking?	Was I (he, she, it) being asked? Were you (we, they) being asked?
отрицательное	I (he, she, it) was not asking. You (we, they) were not asking.	I (he, she, it) was not being asked. You (we, they) were not being asked.

Случаи употребления:

Действие в развитии, незаконченное, происходившее в определенный момент в прошлом: Yesterdayat 6 o’clockIwaswritingaletter. Вчера в 6 часов я писал письмо.
Действие, протекавшее в момент, когда произошло какое-либо другое действие, выраженное в PastSimple (в придаточных предложениях, обычно начинающихся со слова whenкогда): HewasreadingabookwhenIenteredtheroom. Он читал книгу, когда я вошел в комнату.
Параллельные действия в прошлом (в придаточных предложениях времени, обычно начинающихся со слова whileпока, в то время как): IwaswatchingTVwhilehewaslookingthroughthenewspapers. Я смотрел телевизор, в то время как он просматривал газеты.
Действие, протекавшее в ограниченный период (когда в предложении подчеркивается длительность процесса), часто со словами alldaylongвесь день, thewholemonthцелый месяц и т. д.: Iwastalkingtohimfrom 7 till 8 o’clocklastnight. Я разговаривал с ним вчера вечером с 7 до 8 часов.