Учебное пособие по английскому языку «Профессиональная медицинская лексика»
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ИНТЕНСИВНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ. ОСЛОЖНЕНИЯ АНЕСТЕЗИИ Intensive Therapy. Resuscitation. Complications in anesthesia I. Подобрать эквиваленты
II. Подобрать эквиваленты
III. Перевести предложения на английский язык
IV. Перевести предложения на русский язык
V. Прочитать и перевести текст In patients who recover from tuberculosis the focus of disease is surrounded by connective tissue and the actual lesion itself may turn into a chalky nodule. In persons with more extensive involvement but with a high degree of resistance, fibroid induration of a whole lobe or lung may occur. This may limit the spread of the disease, but does not bring about (produce) complete recovery. In these cases chronic bronchitis persists for ten or twenty years or longer. A large part of the lobe or lung may be involved in the tuberculous process and many of the bronchial tubes may be dilated as a result of the chronic cough. The chest is often deformed by the partial collapse of the affected portions of the lung. The patients lose weight constantly and may die, either of the progress of the disease itself, or, more commonly, of some complicating or associated condition. VI. Прочитать и перевести текст Rheumatic Endocarditis The patient complained of a general malaise, early fatigue on exertion, cardiac discomfort and palpitation. The physician found him to have been having an increase of body temperature to a subfebrile level for a prolonged period of time. The patient stated that the onset of the disease had been preceded by tonsillitis. The patient's pulse rate had become irregular and accelerated on physical exertion. The blood analysis revealed moderate leucocytosis and an elevated ESR. The electrocardiogram showed the changes in the most important readings. On percussion the doctor determined the heart to be slightly enlarged. These findings of the physical examination were confirmed by the X-ray examination. While listening to the patient's heart the doctor found a soft systolic murmur to be heard at the heart apex. These symptoms were accompanied by diastole murmur heard at the apex and base of the heart. The doctor estimated the murmurs to be varying in their intensity and duration. It was evidence of an inflammatory process in the valves. The doctor determined the organic changes in the mitral, aortic and tricuspid valves to be clearly marked. The physician considered the patient to be ill with rheumatic endocarditis and insisted on his following a strict bed regimen at the in-patient department. VII. Выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний: общее недомогание, утомляемость, сердцебиение, подъем температуры тела, продолжительный период времени, сердце слегка увеличено, подтверждены рентгеном, слабый систолический шум, на верхушке сердца, меняться по плотности и продолжительности, воспалительный прогресс в клапанах, доктор определил, настаивал на соблюдение строгого постельного режима. VIII. Ответьте на следующие вопросы 1. What most characteristic clinical manifestations has rheumatic endocarditis? 2. What readings does the electrocardiogram show in case of rheumatic endocarditis? 3. How can a therapeutist determine the enlargement of the heart? 4. How can systolic and diastolic heart murmurs be revealed in patients with rheumatic endocarditis? 5. What regimen must a patient with rheumatic endocarditis follow? IX. Прочитать и перевести текст Angina Pectoris On being admitted to the in-patient department the patient complained of pain in the chest. He had been suffering from pain of various intensity in the chest and behind the breastbone for several weeks. The patient noted the pain to radiate to the left shoulder and down the arm. The patient also observed the pain have been growing worse on moving and on physical exertion. He stated that it frequently began suddenly at night during sleep. During the attacks of pain he was covered with cold perspiration and his face was pale. The incidence of attacks was frequently associated with physical and mental overstrain. On physical examination the doctor revealed areas of very sensitive skin from the 7th cervical vertebra to the 5th upper thoracic one. On percussion, palpation and auscultation of the heart no significant abnormality was revealed. The electrocardiogram taken during the attack showed a disturbance in the coronary blood circulation. The most important readings of the electrocardiogram were either diminished or deviated. By having repeated the electrocardiogram after the end of the attack the cardiologist found the adequate readings of the electrocardiogram to return to normal ones. During the attacks of moderate pain no changes in the peripheral blood or elevation of body temperature were noted. However the temperature rose insignificantly and there was an accompanying slight leucocytosis when the attacks of pain were particularly severe. The doctor made the diagnosis of angina pectoris with a severe course. Its main cause was atherosclerosis of thе coronary arteries. X. Дать английские эквиваленты слов в скобках. Перевести предложения на русский язык 1. Last year for several weeks the patient had been suffering from constant cardiac pain (распространявшуюся вниз по руке). 2. (Нарушения тока крови) were revealed by numerous instrumental examinations. 3. Having undergone a course of (соответствующих инъекций) the patient stated that the cardiac pain considerably decreased. 4. (Физическое и психическое перенапряжение) increases the incidence of heart attacks in persons suffering from angina pectoris. XI. Прочитайте сообщения и запомните факты, о которых в них говорится Do you know that 1. at rest the blood makes a complete circle in our body within 20-25 seconds? 2. within 70 years of life the human heart contracts about 2.5 milliard times and pumps 145 million litres of blood? 3. at rest the human heart pumps 4 litres of blood per minute but on great physical exertion 40 litres? 4. the man can live without water for 10 days and without food for more than a month? XII. Прочитайте и переведите текст Cardiosurgery Cardiosurgery has been developing successfully in our country. The beginning of its development was marked by the first operation on the heart performed by Academician Bakulev. It is due to the work of such prominent Surgeons as Vishnevsky, Meshalkin, Petrovsky, Amosov, and others that great progress has been achieved in Cardiosurgery. The lives of many thousands of people suffering from cardiac diseases and from those of coronary Vessels have been already saved. The operations on the heart are performed to eliminate the existing heart defects, congenital or developed, and to restore the normal function of the heart. The operation on the heart is preceded by various examinations, which enable the surgeon to make a correct diagnosis. The most important ones are listening to the heart, its X-ray examination, electrocardiograms, the revealing of heart murmurs, and clinical and biochemical blood analyses. Only having made an exact diagnosis and having come to the conclusion that the therapeutic measures have been ineffective the surgeon can perform the operation on the heart. The operations on the heart are very difficult to perform because of the intricate (сложный) anatomical structure of the heart and because the heart constantly contracts. Some operations are performed on the contracting heart, but such operations give the surgeon only a very short period of time for his surgical manipulations. Besides in such cases there is always the danger of the impairment of cardiac functions such as heart failure, fibrillation and others. In the presence of these, impairments complete or partial arrest of blood circulation develops. Such intervals of blood circulation result in the damage to some organs, for example, the brain can live without blood supply only four-five minutes; if the interval is longer the brain cells die. XIII. Перевести на английский язык
XIV. Ответить на вопросы 1. How many litres of blood does the human heart pump per minute at rest? 2. How many litres of blood does the human heart pump per minute on great physical exertion? 3. How many times does the human heart contract within 70 years of life? 4. How many litres of blood does the human heart pump within 70 years of life? S. In how many seconds does the blood make a complete circle in our body at rest? 6. How long can the man live without water and without food? XV. Перевести предложения
XVI. Перевести предложения
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