9. Прошедшее время (Past Tenses) Simple
Простое
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Continuous
Длительное
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Perfect
Завершённое
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Perfect-Continuous
Завершённо-длительное
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yesterday
last week
2 days ago
on Mon-day
in 1915
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вчера
на прош-
лой неде-ле
два дня
назад
в поне-
дельник
в 1915 г.
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yesterday
at 3 o’clock
when I ca-me
while I
was wor-king
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вчера в
3 часа
когда я
пришёл
пока я ра-ботал
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yesterday
by 5 o’clock
before he
came
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вчера к
5 часам
до того,
как он
пришёл
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yesterday
for 2 ho-urs when
I came
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вчера уже
2 часа,
когда я
пришёл
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I planted roses last year. – Я посадила розы в прошлом году.
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I was planting roses when he came. – Я сажала розы, когда он пришёл.
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I had planted roses before he came. – Я посадила розы до того, как он пришёл.
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I had been planting roses for 2 hours, when he came. – Я сажала розы уже 2 часа, когда он при-шёл.
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Ved, V II ф. (для непрер. глаг.)
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Was (were) + Ving
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Had + V III ф.
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Had been + Ving
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Утвердительная форма
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I planted
He planted
She planted
We planted
You planted
They planted
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I was planting
He was planting
She was planting
We were planting
You were planting
They were planting
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I had planted
He had planted
She had planted
We had planted
You had planted
They had planted
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I had been planting
He had been planting
She had been planting
We had been planting
You had been plan-ting
They had been plan-ting
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Вопросительная форма
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Did I (he, she, it, you, we, they) plant?
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Was I (he, she, it) planting?
Were we (you, they) planting?
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I (he, she, it, you, we, they) planted?
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Had I (he, she, it, you, we, they) been planting?
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Отрицательная форма
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I (he, she, it, you, we, they) did not plant.
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I (he, she, it) was not planting.
We (you, they) were not planting.
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I (he, she, it, you, we, they) had not plan-ted.
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I (he, she, it, you, we, they) had not been planting.
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Задание 9.1. Соотнесите видовременные формы глагола с характеризующими их названиями.
1) had been Ving
2) Ved, V2
3) was (were) Ving
4) V3
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a) Simple
b) Continuous
c) Perfect
d) Perfect-Continuous
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Задание 9.2. Выберите из правой колонки соответствующий перевод приведённых ниже английских видовременных форм глагола.
1) painted
2) was painting
3) had been painting
4) had painted
5) has painted
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a) рисовал (вчера)
b) уже рисовал (в течение какого-то времени, когда что-то произошло)
c) рисовал вчера (в 7 часов, весь день)
d) нарисовал (вчера к 7 часам вечера)
e) нарисовал (уже)
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Задание 9.3. Переведите предложения. Правильность перевода проверьте по ключу.
1. Я написала письмо вчера.
2. Я написала письмо только что.
3. Я написала письмо до того, как пришла мама домой.
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a). I wrote a letter yesterday.
b). I’ve just written a letter.
c). I had written a letter before Mom came home.
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4. Я писала письмо, пока он читал книгу.
5. Я писала письмо, когда он пришёл домой.
6. Я писала письмо уже час, когда он пришёл домой.
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d). I was writing letter while he was reading a book.
e). I was writing a letter when he came home.
f). I had been writing a letter for an hour when he came home.
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7. Я прочитал это письмо (т.е. знаю его содержание).
8. Я прочитал это письмо вчера (час назад).
9. Я прочитал это письмо до того, как ты позвонил мне.
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g). I’ve read the letter.
h). I read the letter yesterday (an hour ago).
i). I had read the letter before you telephoned me.
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Задание 9.4. Ответьте на вопросы.
а) What were you doing at this time yesterday? What were you doing when they came home? What were you doing while your Mom was cooking?
b) What did you do yesterday?
c) What had you done by 5 o’clock last night? What had you done before your children returned home?
d) What had you just done?
Задание 9.5. Раскройте скобки, употребив нужную видовременную форму глагола.
1. She (go) Australia but now (come) back to Britain again. 2. He (lose) his key but now he (find) it. 3. (You/visit) many museums when you were in Paris? 4. The car looks very clean. (you/wash) it? 5. When I (arrive) at the party, Tom (be/not) there. He (go) home. 6. We (walk) along the road for about 20 minutes when a car stopped and the driver (offer) us a lift. 7. The woman was a complete stranger to me. I (see) before. 8. Bob: Hello, Susan. Is Alan here? Susan: No, I’m afraid he (go) out. Bob: Oh, what a pity! When exactly (he/go) out? Susan: About ten minutes. 9. The phone (ring) when I (have) shower. 10. When I (arrive) Ann (wait) for me. She was rather annoyed with me because I was late and she (wait) for a very long time. 11. My bicycle isn’t here any more. Somebody (take) it. 12. Last night I (arrive) home at half past twelve, I (have) a bath and then I (go) to bed. 13. I tried to catch Tom, but I couldn’t. He (run) very fast. 14. This time last year I (live) in Brazil. 15. It (rain) when I (get) up.
10. Будущее время (Future Tenses)
Simple
Простое
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Continuous
Длительное
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Perfect
Завершенное
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Prefect Continuous
Завершенно-длительное
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will/shall+V
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will/shall+be+Ving
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will/shall+have+VIII
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will/shall+have+
+been+Ving
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I
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will/shall translate
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I
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will/shall be translating
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I
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will/shall have translated
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I
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will/shall have been translating
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we
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we
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we
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we
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he
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will translate
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he
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will be translating
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he
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will have translated
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he
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will have been translating
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she
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she
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she
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she
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you
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you
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you
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you
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they
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they
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they
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they
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tomorrow
завтра
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tomorrow
завтра
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at 3 o’clock when you come
в 3 часа, когда ты придешь
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tomorrow
завтра
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by 3 o’clock when you come
к 3 часам, когда ты придешь
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tomorrow
завтра
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for 2 o’clock when you come
уже 2 часа, когда ты придешь
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She will translate this article in a week. – Она переведёт эту статью завтра (через неделю, в будущем году).
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She will be translating this article tomorrow / at 3 o’clock when he comes. – Она будет переводить эту статью завтра в 3 часа / когда он придёт.
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She will have translated this article by 3 o’clock / before he comes. – Она переведёт эту статью завтра к 3 часам / до того, как он придёт.
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She will have been translating
this article for 4 hours / when he comes / since 12 o’clock. – Она будет переводить эту статью уже 4 часа / когда он придёт / с 12 часов.
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Задание 10.1. Определите видовременную форму сказуемого в следующих предложениях. Переведите их на английский язык. Правильность перевода проверьте по ключу.
1. Мы переведём этот текст завтра (скоро).
2. Мы переведём этот текст завтра к трём часам.
3. Мы переведём этот текст к тому времени, когда придёт учитель.
4. Мы будем переводить этот текст завтра в 3 часа.
5. Мы будем переводить этот текст завтра с 3 до 4.
6. Мы будем переводить этот текст завтра в это время.
7. Когда ты придёшь, я буду переводить этот текст.
8. Когда ты придёшь, я буду переводить этот текст уже час.
9. Когда ты придёшь, я (всё ещё) буду переводить этот текст.
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a). We will/shall translate this text tomorrow (soon).
b). We will/shall have translated this text by 3 o’clock tomorrow.
c). We will/shall translate this text by the time the teacher comes back.
d). We will/shall be translating this text at 3 o’clock tomorrow.
e). We will/shall be translating this text at 3 till 4 o’clock tomorrow.
f). We will/shall be translating this text at this time tomorrow.
g). When you come, I will/shall translate this text.
h). When you come, I will/shall have been translating this text for an hour.
i). When you come, I will/shall be translating this text.
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Задание 10.2. Раскройте скобки, употребив сказуемое в нужной видовременной форме.
1. This time next week I (have) a lovely time. 2. I (know) the results in a week. 3. I’ll come at 3 p.m. – Good. I (expect) you. 4. When I get home my dog (sit) at the door waiting for me. 5. I hope you (stay) at home tomorrow. 6. By the end of next year I (be) here for 25 years. 7. I’ll still be here next summer but Tom (leave). 8. You (recognize) her when you see her. She (wear) a yellow hat. 9. I (finish) this book by tomorrow evening. 10. Tom (not/pass) his examination. He hasn’t done any work for it. 11. We are late. I expect the film (already/start) by the time we get to the cinema. 12. Ann (probably/arrive) at about 8 o’clock. 13. I think Tom (like) the present you bought for him. 14. At 8.30 this evening we (study). 15. By the end of this year I (work) here for 10 years.
Задание 10.3. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в Present Simple или Future Simple.
1. The old man doesn’t go out in winter. He (go) out when the weather (got) warmer. 2. She is flying to Rome tomorrow. She (send) her family a telegram as soon as (arrive). 3. You (be) late if you (not/take) a taxi. 4. Wait until I (come) back. 5. If he (not/run)he (not/catch) the train. 6. If you (think) it over you (see) that I’m right.
11. Страдательный залог (Passive Voice)
В английском языке глагол имеет два залога: the Active Voice (действительный залог) и the Passive Voice (страдательный залог), который употребляется в тех случаях, когда объект действия более важен для говорящего, чем исполнитель (субъект) этого действия, причём, последний может даже не упоминаться.
Somebody built this house in 1825. (active)
This house was built in 1825. (passive)
Everybody listened the speakers very attentively. (active)
The speakers were listened to very attentively. (passive)
Страдательный залог (the Passive Voice) образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола be в нужном времени и третьей формы смыслового глагола.
be + V III ф.
При изменении видовременной формы изменяется только вспомогательный глагол be! Форма смыслового глагола во всех временах страдательного залога остаётся неизменной.
Задание 11.1. Определите видовременную форму сказуемого и переведите предложения на русский язык.
Many houses are
The house is being
The house has been
The house was
The house was being
The house had been
The house will be
The house will have been
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: built every year
: built now
: built (for) 3 years
: built last year
: built when I came here
: built when we arrived in this city
: built in a year
: built by the end of the month
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Задание 11.2. Соотнесите английские и русские формы.
1) is read
2) is being read
3) has been read
4) was read
5) will be read
6) will have been read
7) had been read
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a) будут читать
b) прочитают (к какому-то времени)
c) читают (вообще)
d) читают (сейчас)
e) прочитали (уже)
f) прочитали (вчера, в прошлом году)
g) прочитали (до того, как что-то произошло; к какому-то определённому времени)
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Задание 11.3. Форму действительного залога преобразуйте в соответствующую форму страдательного залога:
is asking, have translated, has been doing, translated, read, will send, was planting, write.
Задание 11.4. Раскройте скобки, выбрав сказуемое либо в действительном, либо в страдательном залоге.
1. The police (have arrested, have been arrested) three men. 2. Three men (have arrested, have been arrested) by the police. 3. They (are building, are being built) a new ring-road round the city. 4. A new ring-road round the city (is building, is being built). 5. They (will change, will be changed), the date of the meeting. 6. The date of the meeting (will change, will be changed).
Задание 11.5. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя страдательный залог (исполнителя действия можно не указывать, если в этом нет необходимости).
1. They will build a stadium here in future. 2. The fire has done a lot of damage. 3. A friend of mine has invited me to a birthday party. 4. Nobody asked me to call back. 5. They were looking for the lost key everywhere. 6. They will have built the bridge by July 20.
Задание 11.6. Переведите на русский язык.
1. Dinner is being cooked. Wait a little. 2. I’m afraid we’re being waited for. 3. Don’t you see that you’re being laughed at? 4. The film is still being shown. 5. Don’t talk so loudly. We’re being listened to. 6. Everything has been settled. 7. He’s been offered a good job. 8. Don’t bother. The texts have been translated. 9. Nothing has been done. 10. The letters have been translated for an hour. 11. The problem has been discussed since he left. 12. The letter had been delivered by 7 o’clock. 13. The articles hadn’t been looked through by that time. 14. I was told that the doctor had been sent for. 15. The things have been packed. 16. The house will have been built by the end of the year. 17. The plan was been discussed when he came. 18. The mail hadn’t been looked through by that time. 19. I told you that the film was still being shown. 20. The children were allowed to stay up as long as the adults.
Задание 11.7. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в соответствующей видовременной форме и залоге.
1. That church (look) very old. When (it/build)? 2. Where’s my bicycle? He has gone! It (steal). 3. A tree (lie) across the road. It (blow) down. 4. Your car might (steal) if you (leave) the key in it. 5. The new hotel (open) next year. 6. Everything (arrange) in good time. 7. We (ask) him to take part in our conference. 8. The problem (solve) in future. 9. Nothing has been done. 10. They (already/send) for the doctor. 11. The plans (change). 12. Your proposals (still/discuss). 13. This church (make) of wood. 14. You (want) on the phone.
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