7. Настоящее время (Present tenses). Simple
Простое
| Continuous
Длительное
| Perfect
Завершённое
| Perfect Continuous
Завершённо-длительное
|
usually
often
always
sometimes
from 5 till 7
|
обычно
часто
всегда
иногда
с 5 до 7
(о факте)
|
now from 5
till 7
|
сейчас
(процесс)
(для бли-жайшего
заплани- рованного
дела:
Он приез-жает зав-тра).
|
already
today
this
month
ever
never
just, late-
ly
|
уже
сегодня
в этом
месяце
когда-
нибудь
(в вопр.
предл.)
никогда
только
что
|
for 2
hour
since 2
o’clock
|
уже 2
часа
с двух
часов
|
She usually plants roses. – Она обычно сажает розы.
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She is planting a rose. – Сейчас она сажает розу.
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She has planted a rose. – Она поса-дила розу.
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She has been plan-ting roses since 2 o’clock. – Она са-жает розы с двух часов.
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V, Vs (для 3 л. ед.ч.)
|
be + Ving
|
have + V III ф.
|
have been + Ving
|
Утвердительная форма
|
I plant
You plant
We plant
They plant
He plants
She plants
It plants
|
I am planting
You are planting
We are planting
They are planting
He is planting
She is planting
It is planting |
I have planted
You have planted
We have planted
They have planted
He has planted
She has planted
It has planted
|
I have been plan-ting
You have been planting
We have been planting
They have been planting
He has been plan-ting
She has been plan-ting
It has been plan-ting
|
Вопросительная форма
| Do I (you, we, they) plant?
Does he (she, it) plant?
| Am I planting?
Are you (we, they) planting?
Is he (she, it) planting?
|
Have I (you, we, they) planted?
Has he (she, it) planted?
|
Have I (you, we, they) been plan-ting?
Has he (she, it) been planting?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Отрицательная форма
|
I (you, we, they) do not plant.
He does not plant.
|
I am not planting.
You (we, they) are not planting.
He (she, it) is not planting.
|
I (you, we, they) have not planted.
He (she, it) has not planted.
|
I (you, we, they) have not been planting.
He (she, it) has not been planting.
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Задание 7.1. Переведите предложения на английский язык. Правильность перевода проверьте по ключу. Назовите видовременную форму каждого сказуемого.
Он читает
|
много
сейчас
уже 20 минут
|
He reads a lot.
He is reading now.
He has been reading for 20 minutes.
|
Он прочитал эту книгу.
|
|
He has read this book.
|
Я пишу
|
сейчас
часто
с 2-х часов
|
I often write.
I’m writing now.
I have been writing since 2 o’clock.
|
Я уже написал письмо.
|
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I’ve already written a letter.
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Мы обедаем
|
в 2 часа
сейчас
уже полчаса
|
We have dinner at 2 o‘clock.
We are having dinner now.
We have been having dinner for half an hour.
|
Мы уже пообедали.
|
|
We have already had dinner.
|
Дождь идёт
|
сейчас
осенью
с утра
|
It’s raining.
It rains in autumn.
It has been raining since morning.
|
Дождь прекратился.
|
|
The rain has stopped.
|
Задание 7.2. Раскройте скобки, выбрав соответствующую форму глагола-сказуемого.
а) в Present Simple:
1. They (listen, listens) to the news every day. 2. Mr. Hyde (have, has) a house of his own. 3. The boy (play, plays) football very well. 4. Mother (cook, cooks) very well. 5. We usually (watch, watches) TV in the evening. 6. My parents (get up, gets up) early in the morning. 7. I (like, likes) to see soap-operas on TV. 8. (Do, does) you live in a big town? 9. (Do, does) he help his parents about the house? 10. (Do, does) they have a car?
б) в Present Continuous:
1. Jane (is watching, are watching, am watching) TV now. 2. We (am working, are working, is working) in the garden now. 3. It is 7 p.m. They (am having, is having, are having) supper. 4. I (am learning, are learning, is learning) the new words at the moment. 5. He wants to speak English fluently. He (am taking, are taking, is taking) an English course.
в) в Present Perfect:
1. I (have read, has read) this article. 2. I (have been, has been) to Italy. 3. You (have translated, has translated) the text. 4. Jack (have had, has had) dinner. 5. They (have not been, has not been) to this museum.
Задание 7.3. Дополните предложения, выбрав соответствующие обстоятельства времени из правой колонки. Укажите, как называются видовременные формы сказуемых данных предложений.
1. She is watching TV
|
a) right now
b) for two days
c) every day
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3. She has been watching TV
|
a) every week
b) since 2 o’clock
c) right now
|
|
|
|
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2. She watches TV
|
a) since morning
b) now
c) every day
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4. She has watched TV
|
a) yesterday
b) just
c) on Sundays
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Задание 7.4. Заполните пропуски, выбрав из предлагаемых вариантов подходящую по смыслу форму глагола.
1) Where is Mike? He … football.
2) He … football nearly every weekend.
3) He … football for 2 years already.
|
a) is playing
b) has been playing
c) plays
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Задание 7.5. Раскройте скобки, употребив сказуемое в одном из времен группы Present.
1. My brother (learn) English at school. 2. He (learn) English since the fifth form. 3. I (learn) English. Don’t bother me. 4. I (learn) the poem by heart. Test me. 5. We (buy) a car lately. Now we (learn) to drive. 6. It (be) winter now. It (be) cold. It (snow) since morning. 7. Put on your warm jacket. It (snow) a lot in winter. 8. I (feel) better today. 9. The film (consist) of 2 parts. 10. It (be) 11 a.m. We (have) tea.
Задание 7.6. Переведите предложения на русский язык.
1. He works 7 hours a day. 2. He has been working here for several years. 3. I’ve known him for nearly 20 years. 4. She is still working in the garden. 5. When is she coming? 6. – What are you doing tonight? – We are going to the theatre. 7. Ann has never been to the USA. 8. Mr. Black usually drinks coffee in the morning, but this morning he is drinking tea. 9. My aunt is coming today. I’m going to meet her. 10. Have you ever been abroad? 11. Look! There are a lot of pools outdoors. It has been raining. 12. Your eyes are red. You have been crying, haven’t you? 13. Mary wants to speak English fluently. She is talking a special English course for adults.
8. Вопросы: общие, специальные, альтернативные разделительные.
Общие вопросы (General questions) требуют ответа «да» или «нет».
Do the boys like to play football?
Are they playing football now?
Have they been playing football for an hour?
Have they played a match?
Специальные вопросы (Wh-questions) начинаются с вопросительных слов: who, why, how long, which of you…
Where do they like to play football?
What are they doing?
How long have they been playing football?
What have they done?
Альтернативные вопросы (Alternative questions) – вопросы выбора между двумя предметами, действиями и т.д. (or):
Do they play football or do they study?
Are they playing football or are they dancing?
Have they been playing football for an hour, haven’t they?
Have they been played a match or the guitar?
Разделительные вопросы (Tag questions) – утверждение или отрицание плюс краткий вопрос:
They play football, don’t they?
They are not playing football, are they?
They have been playing football for an hour, haven’t they?
They have played a match, haven’t they?
Задание 8.1. Задайте к каждому предложению общий, альтернативный и разделительный вопросы, а также специальные вопросы к каждому члену предложения.
1. Mr. Johnson is the chief account. 2. My farther has been working for a bank for 5 years. 3. I’ve seen this film.
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