Учебно-методический комплекс по дисциплине огсэ 03. Английский язык (Дисциплина общего гуманитарного и социально-экономического цикла)
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| Тема 5.1. «Деньги и банки Великобритании». План изучения темы:
Работа с практическим материалом по подтеме «Деньги и банки Великобритании». Exercise 1. Translate the text into Russian and do the exercises: ENGLISH BANKNOTES AND COINS The official currency of the Unites Kingdom is the pound sterling which is equal to one hundred pence. English banknotes are issued by the Bank of England. As to coins they are minted also by this state bank. There are banknotes of the following denominations: Ј 1, Ј 5, Ј 10, Ј 20, Ј 50 and Ј 100. The following coins are in circulation: halfpenny, one penny, two pence, five pence, ten pence, fifty pence. On the face of English banknotes one can read the denomination given both in figures and in words. Then the inscription on the face of the banknote reads: I promise to pay the bearer on demand the sum of... And then there are two signatures. The first signature is that of the person authorized by the Government and the Bank of England. The second signature is that of the Chief Cashier. The back of English banknotes, like many other banknotes, feature portraits of different famous people. The one pound banknote, for example, features Isaac Newton (1642 - 1727) a well-known English scientist who made a few very important discoveries including gravitation law. The back of the five pound note portrays the Duke of Wellington (1769 - 1852), a famous Irish general who defeated Napoleon at Waterloo, Belgium in 1815. On the back of the ten pound note one can see Florence Nightingale (1820 - 1910), founder of the nursing profession. She volunteered as a nurse to Turkey to take care of he wounded soldiers from Crimean War, war of England and France versus Russia. And the back of the twenty pound banknote features William Shakespeare (1564 - 1616), the greatest playwright of all time. Exercises: I. Find the answer to the following questions in the text: 1. What is the official currency of the U.K.? 2. What is the smallest unit? 3. How many pence are there in one pound? 4. What banknotes and coins are in circulation in the U.K. now? 5. What famous people are featured on the back of various English banknotes? II. Sum up what the text says about: English banknotes English coins III. Write words in the sentences and translate: On the face of English banknotes one can read the denomination given both in … and in words. On the back of the ten pound note one can sea Florence Nightingale, … of the nursing profession. IV. Imagine you are speaking with an Englishman about money. Compare two banknotes (coins) of the two countries. Act out this dialogue. Exercise 2. Translate into English: Деньги, банкнота, монета, валюта, правительство, кассир, чек, главный кассир, подсчитывать, показывать, бумажные деньги, помещать, выпускать, активы, чеканить, быть в обращении, дефляция, зарабатывать, лицевая сторона, на лицевой стороне, запас, цифра, исчисляемый, средство обмена, надпись, сумма, расходы, излишек, доходы / поступления, тратить, снабжение. Exercise 3. Translate into English, using the objective infinitive construction: 1. Он хочет, чтобы мы пришли к нему сегодня. 2. Я хотел бы, чтобы вы подождали меня здесь. 3. Он хочет, чтобы его сын стал врачом. 4. Он хочет, чтобы его послали в С.-Петербург на конференцию. 5. Она хочет, чтобы ее пригласили на вечер. 6. Мы не хотели, чтобы нас прерывали. 7. Хотите ли вы, чтобы я вам помог? 8. Я хочу, чтобы его статья была опубликована. 9. Доктор не хочет, чтобы вы ехали на юг. 10. Он хочет, чтобы груз был застрахован. 11. Она не любит, чтобы дети готовили уроки вечером. 12. Она любит, чтобы обед был вовремя. 13. Он не любит, когда его прерывают. 14. Он хочет, чтобы ему задавали вопросы. Exercise 4. Replace the parts of the sentences in bold with Gerund constructions. Change the sentences where necessary: 1. That nobody saw them was a mere chance. 2. The mother insisted that her son should enter the university. (on) 3. The place looked so picturesque and cheerful that he rejoiced at the thought that he would come to live there. (of) 4. When he entered, she stood up and left the room, and even did not look at him. (without) 5. When Robert came home from the college, after he had passed his examinations, he felt very happy. (on) 6. In the darkness they were afraid that they might lose their way. (of) 7. When he reached his destination, he sent a telegram home to say that he had arrived safely. (on) 8. Thank you that you helped me. (for) 9. The new medicine may be recommended only after it is approved by the Scientific Board. 10. You will never learn your mistakes if you do not write them out. (without) 11. When the boy entered the room, he glanced curiously around. (on) 12. The patient felt much better after he had been given proper treatment. 13. Just before I left the classroom, I was approached by a fellow student who asked me to help him. 14. Looking at the man attentively, she remembered that she had seen him and spoken to him on several occasions. Exercise 5. Translate the text into Russian: THE BANKS OF ENGLAND Most countries have a central bank, which is responsible for the operation of the banking system. The central bank in the UK is the Bank of England, which was taken into public ownership in 1946. It has many responsibilities, which are summarized below and discussed in more detail later in this charpter.
Although the Governor of the Bank of England has a certain amount of independence and his advice is sought and heeded, the Bank is subordinate to the Treasury which may give introductions to the Governor at any time. Exercise 6. Translate the text into Russian and do the exercises: AMERICAN MONEY The American dollar is subdivided into one hundred cents. The dollars are issued by the Federal Reserve System, established by Congress in 1913. Here is the text on the face of an American dollar banknote:
On the face of American dollars one can also see the portraits of the following famous persons:
On the back of banknotes various buildings are features, such as:
All the banknotes bear the words Exercises: I. Fill in the blanks: 1. The official ______________of the United Kingdom is the ____________which is ______________to one hundred pence. 2. Bank of England ___________banknotes and ____________coins. 3. On the face of English banknotes one can read the _______________________ 4. The ______________________is given both in figures and in _____________ 5. The _____________________on the face of the ______________reads: I promise to pay the ____________________on demand fifty Pounds. 6. The first _______________is that of the person authorized by the Government and the ________________. 7. The second signature is that of the _____________________. 8. Isaac Newton is a well-know English __________________. 9. Florence Nightingale is the founder of the ________________profession. She ___________ as a nurse to Turkey to take care of the wounded soldiers. 10. Alexander Hamilton was a famous American __________________who fought in the Independence War. 11. The _____________________issues dollars. II. Sum up what the text says about: American banknotes American coins III. Tell about Russian money using the plan: - its denomination - its issuer - inscriptions, if any - portraits, if any - flags, if any. Exercise 7. Translate into Russian: 1. It easy for him to read this book. 2. Is it winter now in that part of the country? 3. There is a lot of snow in winter. 4. It won't be cold in September, I hope. 5. They say I’m a terrible chef. 6. It was nine o'clock when we got home. 7. Here are no limits for love. 8. It is impossible to find a needle in the haystack. 9. It is hard for students to apply for a good job. 10. One must be careful. 11. It takes me two days to learn 100 words. 12. There is too much noise. Exercise 8. Translate the text into Russian: The Banking System of the United State of America. Central Banking The banking system of the United States of America consists of the Federal Reserve System, commercial banks, savings and loans associations, mutual savings banks, and credit unions. The Federal Reserve System (the Fed) is the central bank of the United States. It was established in 1913 to promote a healthy economic climate that banks in financial difficulties by providing limited credit facilities. A central bank is often thought of a bankers’ bank, overseeing the banking system. The central bank also is usually the government ’s bank and conducts monetary policy in major developed countries .The Fed has a number of responsibilities, many involving the commercial banking system directly. These include regulating a major portion of the system and leading funds as required to all commercial banks and many other depository financial intermediaries. The Fed ’s influence on commercial banking in particular and on the whole financial system. The Federal Reserve System also provides federal insurance to commercial bank-members of insurance scheme. If these banks go bankrupt, their depositors will receive a compensation of up to 100,000 dollars for each account they had. Commercial banks can be thought of as the hub of the financial system. They are defined by federal statutes as an entity that accept demand deposits and makes commercial loans. They account more than 60 percent of all deposits in the United States. Commercial banks’ lending activity is also substantial. For example, the banks had almost $650 billion in commercial and industrial loans and $756 billion in mortgage loans outstanding at the end of 1989.They were by far the largest lenders to business and the second largest mortgage lenders after savings institutions. In recent years, they have surpassed savings institutions in mortgage lending in many periods. The Bank carried on as best it could until the expiry of its charter in 1836, when it sought and won a state charter as the Bank of the United States of Pennsylvania. The long and rancorous affair became known as the, and Jackson's victory in it precluded for almost 80 years--until the creation in 1913 of the FederalReserveSystem--any effective regulation of private banks in the United States. Exercise 9. Translate the sentences with Participial Constructions: 1. The men were seen cutting trees. 2. Jane was found crying in the corner. 3. The weather permitting, we shall go to the country. 4. It being very cold, we could not go for a walk. 5. The sun having risen, we continued our way. 6. They watched him entering the house. 7. The article having been translated, the student showed it to the teacher. 8. The article having been translated, the student showed it to the teacher. 9. The weather permitting, we shall go to the country. 10. It being very cold, we could not go for a walk. 11. I saw John passing our house. 12. I want the work done. Раздел № 5 «Деньги и банки». Тема 5.2. «Реклама и маркетинг». План изучения темы:
Работа с практическим материалом по подтеме «Реклама и маркетинг». Exercise 1. Translate the words and their definitions and then match them:
Exercise 2. Study the following synonyms to the word advertise. What are their Russian equivalents? Promote -- to make sure that people know about a new product or service by arranging special events. Hype up – an informal word meaning to try to make people think that something is much better than it really is. Plug (give smth a plug) – informal word meaning to try to make people interested in your product or service, for example by mentioning it in a TV or radio conversation when you are supposed to be talking about something else. Push – an informal word meaning to advertise a new product very heavily, with a lot of advertisements. Exercise 3. Translate the following sentences. Pay attention to the words in italics: 1.You must have seen those computer games – they have been heavily advertised on TV and all the Sunday papers. 2.To promote their new brand of shampoo, they are selling it at half price for a month. 3. In order to market a product well you need to be aware of public demand. 4. Like most Hollywood movies it was so hyped up that when I saw it I felt rather disappointed. 5.The author used the opportunity of appearing on TV to give his latest book a plug. 6. Revlon is really pushing its new range of beauty creams. 7.At this time of year, the papers are full of advertisement for skiing holidays. 8.BMW is running an aggressive campaign to publicize its 2001 models. Exercise 4. Translate the text into Russian and then sum up the text in 10 sentences and present your summary in class.: ADVERTISING Advertising is the nonpersonal communication of information, usually paid for and usually persuasive in nature, about products (goods and services) or ideas by identified sponsors through various media. Let’s take this definition apart and analyze its components. Advertising is directed to groups of people, rather than to individuals, and is therefore nonpersonal. The groups, for example, might be teenagers who enjoy rock music or older adults who attend cultural events. In either case, advertising to these groups is not personal or face-to-face communication. Direct-mail advertising often attempts to personalize the message by inserting the receiver's name one or more times in the letter. But direct mail is still nonpersonal; a computer inserted the name. And the signature on the direct-mail advertisement is produced electronically. Most advertising is paid for by sponsors. General Motors, Kmart, Coca-Cola, and the local supermarket pay money to the media to carry the advertisements we read, hear, and see. But some ads are not paid for by their sponsors. The American Red Cross, United Way, and the American Cancer Society are only three of hundreds of organizations whose messages are customarily presented by the media at no charge as a public service. Most advertising is intended to be persuasive—to win converts to a good, service, or idea. A company usually sponsors advertising to convince people its product will benefit them. Some ads, though, such as legal announcements, are intended merely to inform, not to persuade. In addition to promoting tangible goods such as suits, soap, and soft drinks, advertising also helps sell the intangible services of bankers, beauticians, and bike repair shops. And increasingly, advertising is used to sell a wide variety of ideas—economic, political, religious, and social. It's important to note here that, for the sake of simplicity, in this text the term product refers to both goods and services. For a message to be considered an advertisement, the sponsor must be identified. This seems obvious: Naturally, the sponsor usually wants to be identified—or else why pay to advertise? But a distinguishing characteristic between advertising and public relations is that certain public relations activities like publicity are normally not openly sponsored. Advertising reaches us through various channels of communication referred to as the media. In addition to the traditional mass media—radio, television, newspapers, magazines, and billboards—advertising also uses direct mail, shopping carts, and videocassettes. Exercise 5. Translate the words and their definitions and then match them:
Exercise 6. Translate the sentences given below. Pay attention to the words in italics: 1. Chesterham is a small market town with a population of 2000. 2. Access to new foreign markets was assured. 3. This device was first marketed by a Japanese firm. 4. They have never had to operate in a market economy. 5.It’s a seller’s market at the moment. 6. A talking watch will shortly be on the market. 7. Many labour-saving devices have come onto the market. 8.You’ll never get a picture as good as this one on the open market. 9. Exxon might well be in the market to buy up a competitor too. 10. They took the mineral water off the market while tests were being made. Exercise 7. Marketing can be defined as an art of buying and selling. Let’s have a look at the following group of words. Do you know each of them? Into what two groups can they be subdivided? And now use them in the sentences below.
1.It’s best to … when house prices are high. 2. The bakery usually … its cakes … at half price just before closing time. 3.Why don’t we … … and move to Canada? Property is really cheap there. 4. Don’t let him try and … you his car – he’s had endless trouble with it. 5. By the end of the 1980s portable computer systems were …larger systems by 30%. 6. The new book, which reveals intimate details about Princess Diana’s private life is … … … … in New York. 7. Jane Fonda’s new diet book is sure to be a … in America. 8.Madonna’s European tour … a total … … . 9.Foreign investors are not permitted to … land. 10. If I were you, I’d … … that dress before someone sees it. 11. That picture? Oh, I … it … on the market last week. 12. We … … … a bottle of champagne to celebrate her promotion. 13. The supermarkets are full of people … … for the New Year’s holiday. 14.We always … … … . It is so much more economical. 15.Mark … the earrings … and then … them in the market. 16. People had to … … candles during the electricity strike. 17.In the last five years development agencies have … … almost all the land in the area. Exercise 8. Translate the text into Russian and answer the questions: WHAT IS MARKETING? It is impossible to speak about marketing without understanding what “needs and wants” mean. So let’s begin with the definition of needs and wants. A need occurs when a person feels physiologically deprived of basic necessities like food, clothing, and shelter. A want is a felt need that is shaped by a person’s knowledge, culture, and personality. So if you feel hungry, you have developed a basic need and desire to eat something. Let’s say you then want to eat an apple or a candy bar because, based on your past experience and personality, you have these will satisfy your hunger need. Effective marketing, in the form of creating an awareness of good product at convenient locations, can clearly shape a person’s wants. The American Marketing Association, representing marketing professionals in the United States and Canada, states that "marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, and services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives." Many people incorrectly believe that marketing is the same thing as advertising or personal selling. This definition shows marketing to be a far broader activity. Further, this definition stresses the importance of beneficial exchanges that satisfy the objectives of both those who buy and those who sell ideas, goods, and services—whether they be individuals or organizations. To serve both buyers and sellers, marketing seeks (1) to discover the needs and wants of prospective customers and (2) to satisfy them. These prospective customers include both individuals buying for themselves and their households and organizations that buy for their own use (such as manufacturers) or for resale (such as wholesalers and retailers). The key to achieving these two objectives is the idea of exchange, which is the trade of things of value between buyer and seller so that each is better off after the trade. For marketing to occur, at least four factors are required: (1) two or more parties (individuals or organizations) with unsatisfied needs, (2) desire and ability on their part to be satisfied, (3) a way for the parties to communicate, and (4) something to exchange. Questions: 1.Differentiate between needs and wants. 2.What is marketing? 3.Is marketing the same as advertising or personal selling? 4.What factors are required for marketing to occur? Exercise 9. Translate the ad letter and try to make up your own one:
Exercise 10. Translate the sentences paying attention on The Gerund Construction: 1. John's doing it at once is absolutely imperative. 2. By our increasing the pressure we increase the force of friction. 3. The process of one substance mixing with another is called diffusion. 4. The potential of a conductor rises because of the electrons being crowded upon a conductor. 5. Wе know of the earth behaving as a large magnet. 6. Gases and liquids are perfectly elastic, after their being compressed they return to their original volume as soon as the арplied force is removed. 7. Mankind is interested in atomic energy being used only for peaceful needs. Раздел № 6 «Моя профессия». |
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