Учебно-методический комплекс по дисциплине огсэ 03. Английский язык (Дисциплина общего гуманитарного и социально-экономического цикла)
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| Тема 4.2. «Формы организации предприятий Великобритании США». План изучения темы:
Работа с практическим материалом по подтеме «Формы организации предприятий Великобритании США». Exercise 1. Translate the text into Russian and do the exercises: TYPES OF BUSINESSES IN THE U.K. Most businesses in the United Kingdom operate in one of the following ways:
The sole trader is the oldest form of business. There are many one-man owners, for example: a fanner, doctor, solicitor, estate agent, garage man, jobber, builder, hairdresser etc. The partnership is a firm where there are a few partners. They are firms of solicitors, architects, auditors, management consultants etc. The names of all the partners of the firm are printed on the stationery of a partnership. The most common type of company in the United Kingdom is the limited liability company. At the end of the name of such a company the word Ltd. is used. For example: Wilson and Son Ltd. Many of such companies are joint-stock companies owned by shareholders. Limited liability companies are divided into public and private ones. Only public companies may offer shares to the public at the stock exchange. The names of such companies end in p.l.c. which stands for public limited company. For instance: John and Michael p.l.c. Private limited companies may not offer shares to the public. The names of such companies end simply in Ltd. A branch of a foreign company is a part of a company incorporated outside Great Britain but acting under the law of the U.K. Usually these companies act in the U.K. under their normal foreign names. Exercises: I. Answer the following questions: 1. What is the most common type of company in the U.K.? 2. Are all limited liability companies joint-stock companies ? 3. What can you say about the types of the following companies ? Fine Furniture Ltd. General Foods p.l.c. II. Translate into Russian: Sole trader, farmer, garage man, joint-stock limited liability company, private limited liability company, a company acting under the British law. III. Fill in the words used in the text: 1. The names of … …of the firm are printed on the stationery of a partnership. 2. The names of such companies … simply in Ltd. 3. Many of such companies are joint-stock companies … by shareholders. Exercise 2. Translate the text into Russian and do the exercises: FORMS OF BUSINESSES IN THE U.S.A. Businesses in the U.S.A. may be organized as one of the following forms:
An individual business is owned by one person. A general partnership has got several owners. They all are liable for debts and they share in the profits. A limited partnership has got at least one general owner and one or more other owners. They have only a limited investment and a limited liability. A corporation is owned by persons, called stockholders. The stockholders usually have certificates showing the number of shares which they own. The stockholders elect a director or directors to operate the corporation. Most corporations are closed corporations, with only a few stockholders. Other corporations are owned by many stockholders who buy and sell their shares at will. Usually they have little interest in management of the corporations. Alien corporations are corporations of foreign countries. All the corporations are to receive their charters from the state authorities. The charters state all the powers of the corporation. Many corporations try to receive their charters from the authorities of the State of Delaware, though they operate in other states. They prefer the State of Delaware because the laws are liberal there and the taxation is rather low. Such corporations, which receive their charters from an outside state, are called foreign corporations. All the corporations require a certificate to do business in the state where they prefer to operate. I. Sum up what the text says about: individual businesses general partnerships limited partnerships corporations alien corporations foreign corporations charters and certificates II. Translate into Russian: general partnership to be liable for debts, to share in profits, limited partnership, to have a limited investment, to have a limited liability corporation, closed corporation, certificates showing the number of shares they own. III. Compare the two previous text on the following types of business in the U.K. and the U.S.A.: sole traders – individual businesses partnerships – general and limited partnerships Exercise 3. Open the brackets in The Present Perfect Tense: 1. John (write) his name. 2. I (draw) a picture. 3. Tom (blow out ) the light. 4. The cat (drink) its milk. 5. The tree (fall) across the road. 6. John (give) his bicycle to his brother. 7. You (make) a mistake. 8. We (eat) our dinner. 9. The train just (go). 10. I just (tell) the answer. 11. George never (be) in Australia. 12. John and Richard just (go away). 13. The baker (sell) all his cakes. 14. I (read) this book. Exercise 4. Give 3rd form for the following verbs:. Write, win, sell, try, read, play, find, visit, stop, study, die, do. Exercise 5. Open the brackets and translate the sentences in The Future Perfect Tense: 1. We (to come) home by the evening tomorrow. 2. We (to finish) his project by the end of the next week? 3. She (to do) my homework by five o’clock tomorrow. 4. When I come home tomorrow, my family (to have) lunch. 5. When they (to come) to the party tomorrow, I (to cook) dinner. I (to finish) it by 5 pm. 6. If the weather is fine, we (to go) to the picnic. 7. You (to complete) the project by the end of the week? 8. What you (to do) by the end of the year? 9. What you (to make) by five o’clock tomorrow? 10. You (to finish playing) tennis by 7 pm? 11. You (to do) this project by next Friday? Exercise 6. Fill in the blanks in The Past Perfect Tense: 1. Joe began to work on his own project after the company … (to fire) him. 2. … (to hear) the news on the radio before you saw the program on TV? 3. Jacob didn’t want to read the book because he … (to see) already the movie. 4. The match … (to begin) already when we … (to enter) the stadium. 5. Until Susan … (to meet) Jeremy, she never … (to fall) in love. 6. Mr. Smith … (to smoke) for year before he … (to decide) to give up this bad habit. 7. … (to drive) Kate ever on the highway by herself before that accident? 8. How many butterflies … (to catch) the boys by the time it started raining? 9. Parents … (to forbid) them to go to the forest, hadn’t they? Раздел № 4 «Профессиональный английский язык». Тема 4.3. «Обучение переводу». План изучения темы:
Работа с практическим материалом по подтеме «Обучение переводу». Exercise 1. Translate from English into Russian: WHAT IS ECONOMICS Let's face it: If there's one fundamental principle guiding life on earth, it's scarcity. There simply aren't enough beachfront houses, luxury cars, and seats at the theater for everyone who wants one! And on a more serious note, there's not enough food, clothing, and medical care for everyone who needs it. The entire discipline of economics—and all economic activity—arises from a scarcity of goods and services in comparison to human wants and needs. If there is not enough of something for everyone who wants or needs it, society faces a serious problem: it has to make decision about some basic economic questions. Throughout history there have always been people who obtained what they wanted or needed by force*. The barbarians who sacked Rome practiced this form of “economic activity,” and in modern times it is practiced by armed robbers. But a society* requires an orderly system* of producing and distributing the necessities and luxuries of life. Such a system is essential to a stable society. Economics is the study of systems of production and distribution— which are called economies—and of their fundamentals, dynamics, and results. *by force силой *society общество *orderly system упорядоченная систем Exercise 2. Form the nouns from the verbs using the following suffixes. Translate them into Russian: a) с помощью суффикса - ance to assist − помогать, ассистировать to perform − представлять to assist – помогать to enter − входить, поступать b) с помощью суффикса - ness white – белый good – хороший great – великий hard – твердый c) с помощью суффикса - ity electric – электрический active – активный valid –имеющий силу, обоснованный, действенный real – действительный, реальный d) с помощью суффикса - age to press – давить to leak – протекать to break – ломать to shrink – уменьшать, сокращать e) с помощью суффикса - ence exist – существовать depend – зависеть differ – различать convenient – удобный f) с помощью суффикса - ency president – президент independent – независимый frequent – частый Exercise 3. Translate the word combinations using the ‘noun + noun’ structure and give your own examples: Barter deal, exchange prices, market-rate, balance sheet, business accounting, gross receipt, compensation agreement, cheque account, interest rates, deposit money, exchange money, order checks. Exercise 3. Let’s review the core concepts of economics. Translate the following into Russian:
Exercise 4. Open the brackets using the verbs in Passive Voice: 1. Bread (to eat) every day. 2. The letter (to receive) yesterday. 3.1 (to ask) at the lesson the day before yesterday. 4. He (to give) a very interesting book at the librarv last Fridav. 5. Manv houses (to builds in our town every year. 6. This work (to do) tomorrow. 7. This text (to translate) at the last lesson. 8. These trees (to plant) last autumn. 9. Many interesting games always (to play) at our sport lessons. 10. This bone (кость) (to give) to my dog tomorrow. 11. We (to invite) to a concert last Saturday. 12. My questions (to answer) yesterday. 13. Hockey (to play) in winter. 14. His new book (to finish) next year. 15. Flowers (to sell) in shops and in the streets. 16. St. Petersburg (to found) in 1703. Exercise 5. Form the nouns from the verbs using the following suffixes. Translate them into Russian: - ful: help, use, power; - less: use, help, power, motion; - ic: period, meter, atmosphere, base; - al: physics, nature, experiment; - able: boot, suit, remove, use, change; - ant: import, resist; - ent: differ, insist; - ive: effect, act. Exercise 6. Form the nouns from the verbs using the following prefixes. Translate them into Russian: over -: load, build, leap, see, charge; inter -: national, departmental, action, change; under -: pay, sign, line, rate, produce; un -: happy, natural, pleasant, known; dе -: code, control, forest; extra -: ordinary, official, territorial; mis -: inform, name, pronounce; en -: large, rich, circle. Exercise 7. Form as much words as you can using the table:
Exercise 8. Determine the part of the speech in the following words and translate them: Achievement - achieve, resistance - resistant, assistance - assist - assistant, celebration - celebrate, difference - different, city - citizen, nation - national - nationality, measure - measurement, develop - development, act - active - activity, contain - container, discover - discovery - discoverer, literature - literary, graduate - graduation - undergraduate - post- graduate, educate - education, progress - progressive, act - action - activity - active, govern - governor - government. Exercise 9. Translate the sentences into Russian paying attention on the multifunctional verbs to be, to have: 1. We see that you are busy 2. He went where he had intended to go. 3. The designs have to be examined and approved of by experts 4. Do you live in the same street? 5. They say that our professor is in the laboratory 6. You are to come at 9! 7. He told us that he was writing an article about-Russian 8. I lost the book which you had given me 9. She has to go to school. 10. They do their home tasks after their work is over. Exercise 10. Translate into English using the modal verbs to have to / to be to. 1. Вам предстоит выучить это стихотворение к среде. 2. Мне задали выучить это стихотворение к среде. 3. Мне пришлось выучить это стихотворение к среде. 4. Мне придется выучить это стихотворение к среде. 5. Ему приходится учить это стихотворение сегодня, так как он не выучил его вчера. 6. Вам не придется учить это стихотворение. 7. Мне не пришлось учить это стихотворение. 8. Так как он выучил это стихотворение вчера, ему не нужно учить его теперь. 9. На этой неделе нам предстоит встретиться с выдающимся ученым. 10. Выхода не было, и ему пришлось заплатить штраф. 11. Мне было задано написать сочинение о творчестве Пушкина, а для этого мне пришлось перечитать некоторые из его произведений, которые я плохо помнил. 12. Мне придется посидеть дома эти дни. Врач говорит, что я не должен никуда выходить, пока температура не будет нормальной.13. Посидите здесь, пока он занят. Я думаю, вам не придется долго ждать. 14. Спектакль должен был начаться в семь часов. 15. Мы должны были отложить поездку, так как погода испортилась. 16. Если вы хотите хорошо овладеть языком, вы должны очень много читать. 17. По новому расписанию у нас будет пять уроков английского языка в неделю. 18. Мы решили, что школьный оркестр должен играть на концерте. 19. Рано или поздно вам придется пойти к врачу. 20. В будущем году мы должны начать изучение астрономии. 21. Чтобы разработать новую теорию, ученые должны были провести бесчисленные опыты. Раздел № 5 «Деньги и банки». |
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