Методические указания по выполнению практических заданий предназначены для организации работы на практических занятиях по учебной дисциплине «Иностранный язык»,
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| Тема: Структурыthereis/are (Оборотthere + be), have/hasgot. Цель: употребление структур в предложениях. Перечень оборудования для проведения работы: тетрадь, письменные принадлежности, словарь. Краткие теоретические положения: Оборот there + be Оборот there + be употребляется в тех случаях, когда говорящий хочет подчеркнуть факт наличия (отсутствия) какого-либо предмета или явления, а не место, в котором последний находится. Оборот переводится словами "есть, имеется, существует". Thereareseveralclassificationsofthesephenomena. Существует несколько классификаций этих явлений. Если предложение, содержащее рассматриваемый оборот, заканчивается обстоятельством места или времени, то перевод следует начинать с этих местоимений. There are many students in room 205. В аудитории 205 много студентов. Глагол be в этом сочетании может функционировать в различных видо-временных формах: Thereis / areSimple There was / were Past There will be Future Число глагола be определяется по числу первого существительного, стоящего после этого оборота. There is a table and two chairs in the room. В комнате стол и два стула. В вопросительных предложениях there ставится после соответствующей формы глагола tobe. Are there many students in room 205? How many chairs are there in the room? Отрицательная форма оборота there + be образуется путём добавления частицы no после соответствующей формы глагола be. There are no clouds in the sky. Нанебенетоблаков. Have and have got (a) Have иhave got Havegot и hasgot чаще употребляют вместоhaveи has. Поэтому можно сказать: - I have got a brother.или: I have a brother. -Tom has got many books.или: Tom has many books. Для вопросительных и отрицательных предложений существуют три возможные формы:
В прошедшем времени (Past) got не используется. - When I was a student I had a friend. В отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях прошедшего времени употребляются did и didn't. - Did you have a friend when you were a student? - I liked to travel but I didn't have a car then. (b) Haveиспользуется для обозначения ряда действий. Например:
В таких выражениях have не может быть замененнаhavegot: - I usually have breakfast at 8 o'clock. (ане 'have got') - Last summer I had a good time. Сравните: - I have a bath every morning.(=япринялванну-действие) - I'vegotabath.(=в моем доме есть ванна) Вспомогательный глагол todo употребляется для образования вопросительных и отрицательных предложений. - When do you usually have breakfast? - I don't have breakfast so early. - Did you have a good time last summer? - I didn't have a good time last summer. Когдаhaveозначаетдействие, можноиспользоватьформыContinuous (is having/ are having/was having ит.д.): - Where's Mike? He'shavingdinner. Задание: выполнить тест. № 1.Выбратьправильныйвариантответа. Choosethecorrectvariant: 1.____ is a nice film on TV this evening. _____ is an American thriller. there … itit … thereit … it 2._____ is spring. ____ are happy cats everywhere. There … itThere … thereIt … there 3._____ are lots of toys in my child`s room. _____ makes him very happy. There … thereThere … itIt … there 4._____ is a sunny morning. _____ are no clouds in the sky. it … thereit … itthere … is 5._____ is quite difficult to speak English correctly. _____ are so many rules to remember. There … itThere … thereIt … there 6. _____are lots of stray animals in our city, and _____ is nothing that we can do about it. There … itIt … thereThere … there 7._____ is only one child in the family. _____ is a boy. It … thereThere … itIt … it 8._____ is a pity, that _____ is no news at the moment. It … thereThere … thereThere … it 9._____ is important never to give up. _____ is my motto. There … itIt ..itIt … there 10._____ is a long break at 2 o`clock. _____ is our lunch time. It … thereThere … thereThere ..it 11._____ was a reason for his strange behaviour and _____ was a serious one. There … itIt … thereIt … it 12._____ are 2000 recipes in this cookery books, _____ is too much. It … thereThere … thereThere … it 13._____ is good information. _____ is no doubt about it. It … thereThere … itThere … there 14._____ is great to know that _____ is somebody who loves. There … itIt … itIt …there 15._____ is little hope, that _____ is not a serious problem. It …thereThere …itThere … there 16._____ is my fault that _____ is no beer left. It … thereThere … itThere… there 17._____ is something on the road and _____ is moving in our direction. There … itIt…thereIt … it 18._____ is a field ahead of us, and _____ is full of wild tulips. It … thereThere … itThere … there 19._____ is a cinema theatre, where we can watch the film, but _____ is pretty far from here. There … thereIt … thereThere … it 20.On Mondays _____ is always a crowd on the bus stop. _____ is very annoying. it … therethere … itit … it № 2.Выбратьправильныйвариантответа. Choosethecorrectvariant: 1. He ___ got a bicycle. Havehas 2. They ___ got a new car. Havehas 3. Mike ___ got a black suit. Havehas 4. ___ you got a sister? HaveHas 5. ___ he got a toy car? HaveHas 6. Have you got a doll? Yes, I ___. Havehas 7. Has he got a bird? No, he ___. haven'thasn't 8. Sasha ___ got a pet. haven'thasn't 9. We ___ got a cat. haven'thasn't 10. She __ gotabook. haven'thasn't Отчет о проделанной работе: выполнение теста. Контрольные вопросы: 1.Как переводится структурыthereis/are? 2.Имеет ли временные формы? Какие? 3.Как образуется вопросительная и отрицательная формы? 4.Какпереводитсяhaveandhavegot? 5.Как образуется вопросительная и отрицательная формы? Практическая работа №38 Тема: Россия, ее национальные символы, государственное и политическое устройство Цель: совершенствованиеи развитие навыков устной и письменной речи, навыков чтения и перевода текста профессиональной направленности на английском языке. Содержаниеработы 1. Listen and read the text and answer the questions after it: T  he Political System of Great BritainGreat Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. The queen reigns, but does not rule. The legislative power in the country is exercised by Parliament. Parliament makes the laws of Great Britain. It consists of the queen, the House of Commons, and the House of Lords. The House of Commons is Britain’s real governing body. It has 650 members, elected by the people. Members of the House of Commons have no fixed terms. They are chosen in a general election, which must be held at least every five years. But an election may be called anytime, and many Parliaments do not last five years. Almost all British citizens 18 years old or older may vote. The House of Lords is the upper house of Parliament. It was once the stronger house, but today has little power. It can delay – but never defeat – any bill. The House of Lords has about 1170 members. The people do not elect them. The House of Lords is composed of hereditary and life peers and peeresses. Their right to sit in the House passes, with their title, usually to their oldest sons. The prime minister is usually the leader of the political party that has the most seats in the House of Commons. The monarch appoints the prime minister after each general election. The monarch asks the prime minister to form a Government. The prime minister selects about 100 ministers. From them, he picks a special group to make up the Cabinet. The Cabinet usually consists of about 20 ministers. The ministers of the more important departments, such as the Foreign and Commonwealth Office, and the Home Office, are named to every Cabinet. The government draws up most bills and introduces them in Parliament. The queen must approve all bills passed by Parliament before they can become laws. Although the queen may reject a bill, no monarch has since the 1700’s. Law courts of Great Britain operate under three separate legal system – one for England and Wales, one for Northern Ireland, and one for Scotland. In all three systems, the House of Lords is the highest court of appeal in civil cases. It is also the highest court of appeal in criminal cases, except in Scotland. The queen appoints all British judges on the advice of the government. Political parties are necessary to British’s system of government. The chief political parties in Britain today are the Conservative Party and the Labour Party. The Conservative Party developed from the Tories, and has been supported by wealthy people as well as professional people and farmers. The Labour Party has been supported by skilled and unskilled workers, especially union members. The Constitution of Great Britain is not one document. Much of it is not even in writing, and so the country is said to have an unwritten constitution. Some of the written parts of Britain’s Constitution come from laws passed by Parliament. Some – from such old documents as Magna Carta, which limited the king’s power. Other written parts come from common law, a body of laws based on people’s customs and beliefs, and supported in the courts. 1. Is Great Britain a monarchy? 2. Who is the head of state in Great Britain? 3. What body is the legislative power in Great Britain exercised by? 4. What does the British Parliament consist of? 5. How many members has the House of Commons? 6. Has the House of Lords strong power? 7. Are the members of the House of Lords elected? 8. Does the monarch or the prime minister form the government? 9. How many ministers are there in the Cabinet? 10. What body draws up bills? 11. What body is the highest court of appeal? 12. What political parties are there in Great Britain today? 2. Look at the pictures and speak about the political systems of Russia and Great Britain.   Критерии самооценки выполненной работы:
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Практическая работа №39 Тема: Англоговорящие страны, географическое положение, климат, флора и фауна, национальные символы, государственное и политическое устройство, наиболее развитыеотрасли экономики, достопримечательности, традиции Цель: совершенствованиеи развитие навыков устной и письменной речи, навыков чтения и перевода текста профессиональной направленности на английском языке. Содержание работы 1. Look and speak about the difference between the United Kingdom, Great Britain and England.  2. Read and translate the text. United Kingdom England has existed as a unified entity since the 10th century. The Union between England and Wales was enacted under the Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284. In the Act of Union of 1707, England and Scotland agreed to permanent union as Great Britain; the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland was implemented in 1801, with the adoption of the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, but in 1921, the Anglo-Irish treaty formalized a partition of Ireland, although six northern Irish counties remained part of the United Kingdom and became known as Northern Ireland and the current name of the country is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It was adopted in 1927. Great Britain was the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 19th century. It played a leading role in developing parliamentary democracy and in advancing literature and science. At its zenith, the British Empire stretched over one-fourth of the earth's surface. United Kingdom is one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding member of NATO, and of the Commonwealth, a member of the EU, but still remains outside the European Monetary Union. In 1999 the Scottish Parliament, the National Assembly of Wales, and the Northern Ireland Assembly were established. And it is a significant issue in the UK. United Kingdom is located in the Western Europe, on the British Islands, including the northern one-sixth of the island of Ireland, between the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea, northwest of France. Total territory is 244,820 sq km. It has a border with Ireland. Its climate is temperate, moderated by prevailing southwest winds over the North Atlantic Current. The landscape of UK is mostly rugged hills and low mountains. Nowadays United Kingdom lies near vital North Atlantic sea lanes, only 35 km from France and linked by tunnel under the English Channel. The lowest point is Fenland — 4 m; the highest one is Ben Nevis 1,343 m. Its natural resources are coal, petroleum, natural gas, tin, limestone, iron ore, salt, clay, chalk, gypsum, lead. Official languages are English, Welsh (about 26 % of the population of Wales) and Scottish, as a form of Gaelic (about 60,000 in Scotland). Government type is constitutional monarchy. Administrative divisions of UK are the following: England is divided into 47 boroughs, 36 counties, 10 districts; North Ireland is divided into 24 districts, 2 cities, 6 counties; Scotland is divided into 32 council areas; Wales is divided into 11 county boroughs, 9 counties and dependent areas. The Chief of the state is Queen Elizabeth П since 6 February 1952; the Heir of the Crown is Prince Charles, the son of the queen. He was born on 14 November 1948. The Head of government is Prime Minister Tony BLAIR since 2 May 1997. Vocabulary: toexist — существовать; находиться в природе, жить entity — сообщность; объект; организация toenact — предписывать, определять, устанавливать; вводить закон; постановлять permanent — постоянный, перманентный toimplement — выполнять, осуществлять; обеспечивать выполнение adoption — принятие; усвоение partition — деление, раадел, разделение county — графство (административно-территориальная единица в Англии) toremain — оставаться ч current — текущий, данный, современный; течение maritime — морской zenith — зенит tostretch — иметь протяжение, простираться, тянуться theCommonwealth — Содружество (свободное объединение независимых государств, не имеющее общего договора или конституции) the European Monetary Union — Европейскиймонетныйсоюз issue — исход, результат (чего-л.); спорный вопрос, предмет спора, разногласие; проблема border — граница temperate — умеренный (о климате и т. п.) tomoderate — ослаблять, смягчать toprevail — преобладать, господствовать, превалировать; доминировать landscape — ландшафт, пейзаж rugged — пересеченный, заваленный, труднопроходимый (о местности) coal — уголь petroleum — нефть limestone — известняк ironore — железная руда clay — глина, глинозем chalk — мел gypsum — гипс lead — свинец borough — район; городок, небольшой город heir — наследник, преемник 3. Answer the questions: 1. How long has England existed as a unified entity? 2. When was the union between England and Wales enacted? 3. When was the legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland implemented? 4. When was the name the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland adapted? 5. What is Northern Ireland? 6. Was Great Britain the dominant industrial and maritime power of the 17th century? 7. Is there a connection between France and Great Britain today? 8. Is the United Kingdom a member of the European Monetary Union? 9. Where is the United Kingdom located? 10. What climate has the United Kingdom? 11. What landscape has Great Britain? 12. What are the lowest and the highest points of the country? 13. What are official languages in Great Britain? 14. What are the natural resources? Критерии самооценки выполненной работы:
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Практическая работа №40 |
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