Методические указания по выполнению практических заданий предназначены для организации работы на практических занятиях по учебной дисциплине «Иностранный язык»,
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| Тема: Человек и природа, экологические проблемы Цель: совершенствованиеи развитие навыков устной и письменной речи, навыков чтения и перевода текста профессиональной направленности на английском языке. Содержаниеработы 1. Read, translate and learn this poem. Whenever the weather is cold. Whenever the weather is hot. We'll weather the weather, whatever the weather, whether we like it or not.  2. Read and translate the text. Seasons The year is divided into four seasons: spring, summer, autumn, and winter. In spring nature awakens from her long winter sleep. The trees are filled with new life, the earth is warmed by the rays of the sun, and the weather gets gradually milder. The fields and meadows are covered with fresh green grass. The sky is blue and cloudless. At night millions of stars shine in the darkness. When summer comes the weather gets warmer still and sometimes it’s very hot. It’s the farmer’s busy season: - he works in his field from morning till night. The grass must be cut and the hay must be made, while the dry weather lasts. Sometimes the skies are overcast with heavy clouds. There are storms with thunder, lightning and hail. Autumn brings with it the harvest-time when crops are gathered in and the fruit is picked in the orchards. The days get shorter and the nights longer. The woods turn yellow and brown, leaves begin to fall from the trees, and the ground is covered with them. The skies are grey and very often it rains. When winter comes, we’re obliged to spend more time indoors because out-of-doors it’s cold. We may get fog, sleet and frost. Ponds, lakes, rivers and streams are frozen, and the roads are sometimes covered with slippery ice or deep snow. The trees are bare. Bitter north winds have stripped them of all their leaves. (from “The London Linguaphone Course”) Vocabulary: earth – земля gradually – постепенно darkness – темнота, потемки hay – сено dry – сухой crop – урожай, жатва orchard – фруктовый сад toturnyellow – становиться желтым tooblige – обязывать, принуждать, вынуждать pond – пруд stream – ручей bare – голый, обнаженный tostrip – сдирать, снимать, лишать 3. Retellthetext. Критерии самооценки выполненной работы:
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Практическая работа № 41. Тема: Защита окружающей среды. Цель: употребление и понимание новых слов, формирование у студентов навыков самостоятельной работы с текстом. Перечень оборудования для проведения работы: тетрадь, словарь, письменные принадлежности. Задание: перевеститекст. The Problem of Environmental Protection Environmental protection is the main problem facing humanity nowadays. The image of a sick planet has become firmly established in the public mind lately. Ten years ago the word 'ecology' hardly meant anything for the majority of people, but today we can't help bearing it in our minds. It has happened because of the growing effect of the rapid industrial development of the natural world which has negative features of its own. As a matter of fact the state of environment has greatly worsened of late. There is no doubt that soil, water and air are contaminated with toxic wastes. Over the past few years we have been constantly speaking about ozone holes, droughts, high level of radiation, about food contaminated with chemicals. Scientists in many countries are very much concerned about drastic changes in weather patterns. The worst drought, the mildest winter and the most devastating hurricanes have become typical in those parts of the world where they used to be a rare occurrence. Weather patterns have been changing recently due to the global warming-up process and its major reason — the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is created by carbon dioxide emissions, released by industrial facilities and a constantly increasing number of cars. Thus it is of vital importance that the world should start cutting down the release of gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect. What is the reason for people getting so much worried about the state of environment? The answer to this question is fairly simple. The thing is the deterioration of the environment is telling heavily on people. They are paying for this with their health. And it is obvious what all people need is a healthy environment. To solve this burning problem it is necessary for people to combine efforts, to raise safety standards at all industrial facilities, to adequately process by-products of industry, to set up an international space laboratory to monitor the state of environment and set up an international centre for emergency environmental assistance. All these measures will help us in solving these important problems and prevent us from dangerous illnesses and diseases. Vocabulary: Environmentalprotection — охрана (зашита) окружающейсреды humanity — человечество firmly established — укорениться hardly — врядли, едвали majority — большинство soil — почва toxic wastes — токсичныеотходы drought — засуха tocontaminate — заражать, инфицировать (в том числе отравляющими и радиоактивными веществами) chemicals — химическиевещества to be concerned about — беспокоиться drastic — радикальный, глубокий; резкий devastating — опустошительный, разрушительный to be rare occurrence — происходитьредко the greenhouse effect — парниковыйэффект to create — создаватьcarbon dioxide — двуокисьуглерода industrial facilities — промышленныепредприятия to be of vital importance — бытьнеобычайноважным to cut down — сокращатьthe release of gases — выбросгазов to contribute to — содействовать, способствовать fairly —довольноdeterioration —ухудшение totellon — сказыватьсянаtosolve — решать toraisesafetystandards — поднимать требования к технике безопасности to adequately process by-products of industry — хорошоперерабатывать промышленныеотходы tomonitor — контролироватьtoprevent — защищать, предохранять aninternationalcentreforemergencyenvironmentassistance — международныйцентрпооказаниюсрочнойэкологическойпомощи Отчет о проделанной работе: перевод текста. Контрольныевопросы: 1.What can cause air pollution?2.What does acid rain harm? 3.What do you call scientists who study the weather?4.Is there a lot of trash in your town? 5.What do you think you should do to protect the environment? Практическая работа №42,43 Тема: Интернет Цель: совершенствованиеи развитие навыков устной и письменной речи, навыков чтения и перевода текста профессиональной направленности на английском языке. Содержаниеработы 1. Read and answer the questions. Internet Facts The prototype for the Internet was created in the sixties by the US Defense Department. To ensure that communication could be kept open in the event of a nuclear attack, it created a computer network known as Arpanet — the Advanced Research Project Agency Network. The first attempt to connect two computers and allow them to communicate with one another was made by researchers at the University of California in Los Angeles and the Stanford Research Institute on 20 October 1969. The first people to coin the term 'internet' were two scientists, Vinton Cerf (known as 'father of the Internet') and his collaborator Bob Kahn, who in 1974 devised a means by which data could be transmitted across a global-network of computers. An Oxford graduate, Tim Berners-Lee, set up the first 'www server' (a Server receives and sends messages) to store the archive of the European Particle Physics Laboratory in Switzerland. The first e-mail ever sent was in 1972 between computers in two American universities. The most frequently used search word on the net is "sex", typed in 1,550,000 times every month. Vocabulary: Defense Department — Министерствообороны ensure — обеспечивать network — сеть coin — придумывать collaborator — сотрудник devise — изобретать means — средство store — сохранить net — сеть link – соединять, связывать Questions: 1. Who was the prototype for the Internet created by? 2. Why was the prototype for the Internet created? 3. Who was the first attempt to connect two computers and allow them to communicate with one another made by? 4. Who is known as father of the Internet'? 5. Why was the first 'www server'set up? 6. What is the most frequently used search word? 7. Do you think 'The Internet' will have an important influence on our daily lives? 2. Read and translate the text. I  nternet and Modern LifeThe Internet has already entered our ordinary life. Everybody knows that the Internet is a global computer network, which embraces hundreds of millions of users all over the world and helps us to communicate with each other. The history of Internet began in the United States in 1969. It was a military experiment, designed to help to survive during a nuclear war, when everything around might be polluted by radiation and it would be dangerous to get out for any living being to get some information to anywhere. Information sent over the Internet takes the shortest and safest path available from one computer to another. Because of this, any two computers on the net will be able to stay in touch with each other as long as there is a single route between them. This technology was called packet switching. Invention of modems, special devices allowing your computer to send the information through the telephone line, has opened doors to the Internet for millions of people. Most of the Internet host computers are in the United States of America. It is clear that the accurate number of users can be counted fairly approximately, nobody knows exactly how many people use the Internet today, because there are hundreds of millions of users and their number is growing. Nowadays the most popular Internet service is e-mail. Most of the people use the network only for sending and receiving e-mail messages. They can do it either they are at home or in the internet clubs or at work. Other popular services are available on the Internet too. It is reading news, available on some dedicated news servers, telnet, FTP servers, etc. In many countries, the Internet could provide businessmen with a reliable, alternative to the expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems its own system of communications. Commercial users can communicate cheaply over the Internet with the rest of the world. When they send e-mail messages, they only have to pay for phone calls to their local service providers, not for international calls around the world, when you pay a good deal of money. But saving money is only the first step and not the last one. There is a commercial use of this network and it is drastically increasing. Now you can work through the internet, gambling and playing through the net. However, there are some problems. The most important problem is security. When you send an e-mail, your message can travel through many different networks and computers. The data is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. Because of this, it is possible to get into any of the computers along the route, intercept and even change the data being sent over the Internet. But there are many encoding programs available. Notwith-standing, these programs are not perfect and can easily be cracked. Another big and serious problem of the net is control. Yes, there is no effective control in theInternet, because a huge amount of information circulating through the net. It is like a tremendous library and market together. In the future, the situation might change, but now we have what we have. It could be expressed in two words— an anarchist's dream. Vocabulary: network — сеть toembrace — охватывать, окружать user — юзер, пользователь todesign — задумывать, придумывать, разрабатывать to survive — выжить nuclear war — ядернаявойна to pollute — загрязнять dangerous — опасный path — путь, маршрут available — доступный, имеющийся в распоряжении, наличный thenet — интернет, сеть packetswitching — пакетное переключение invention — изобретение accurate — точный tocount — считать, сосчитать approximately— приблизительно, примерно toreceive — получать message — послание toprovide — снабжать, доставлять, обеспечивать reliable — надежный alternative — альтернативный provider — провайдер, поставщик security — безопасность router — маршрутизатор tointercept — перехватить (сигнал и т. д.) toencode — кодировать, шифровать notwithstanding — тем не менее, однако, все же tocrack — взломать huge — большой, гигантский, громадный, огромный tocirculate — передвигаться/двигаться в пределах чего-то tremendous —разг. огромный, гигантский, громадный; потрясающий Questions: 1. WhatistheInternet? 2. When and where did the history of Internet begin? 3. Why was the Internet designed? 4. What is modem? 5. Where are most of the Internet host computers? 6. What is the accurate number of internet users? 7. What is the most popular Internet service today? 8. What are other popular services available on the Internet? 9. What is the most important problem of the Internet? 10. Why is there no effective control in the Internet today? 11. Is there a commercial use of the network today? Критерии самооценки выполненной работы:
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Практическая работа № 44 |
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