Информационные системы Практикум
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People in Computing There is a wide range of jobs in computing and different titles are sometimes given to the same type of job. A webmaster is a person who administers a Web server. A help-desk troubleshooter is a person who works as part of a telephone service that helps users solve problems that occur on computer systems. An application programmer is a person who writes applications programs. A security specialist is a person who tests the security of networks systems and advises customers how to introduce and maintain security policies. A systems programmer is a person who specialises in writing systems software. An IT support engineer is a professional who provides help for computer users by designing, building and maintaining information technology systems. A support engineer might start out in their career by working on a help-desk (a telephone service for helping users solve problems that occur on computer systems). An IT manager manages projects, technology and people. An IT systems manager is responsible for developing and implementing computer software that supports the operations of the business. A university degree is usually required but not necessarily in computing science (the study of computers and their use). The best qualification for becoming a manager is experience. A systems analyst studies systems in an organisation and decides how to computerise them (change the system into one controlled by computers. A software engineer/designer produces the programs which control the internal operations of computers. They also design, test and improve programs. A computer services engineering technician is responsible for installation, maintenance and repair of computers and peripherals. They install, test, troubleshoot, upgrade (add components to improve the features or performance of a system) and carry out routine maintenance on hardware, ranging from personal computers to mainframes. A network support person or computer engineer maintains the link between PCs and workstations connected in a network. An applications programmer writes applications programs. A systems support person is an analyst programmer (a person whose job is a combination of systems analysis and computer programming) who is responsible for maintaining, updating (bring up to date i.e. change into the latest version) and modifying the software used by a company. 2. Complete the sentences using the information from the text. a. A webmaster is a person … b. A help-desk troubleshooter is a person … c. An application programmer is a person … d. A security specialist is a person … e. A systems programmer is a person … f. An IT support engineer is a professional … g. An IT manager manages … h. A systems analyst studies systems … i. A software engineer/designer produces … j. A computer services engineering technician is responsible … k. A network support person or computer engineer maintains … l. An applications programmer writes … m. A systems support person (an analyst programmer) is … 3. Retell the text ‘People in Computing’. 4. What job would you like to do? Why? Task X 1. Read and translate the text.
ATM (automatic teller machine) First the customer puts their card into the machine and enters their PIN (Personal Identification Number) number on the keypad and the amount they wish to withdraw. The ATM reads the information on the magnetic strip on the card. The strip contains the name of the account holder, their account number and details of the network it is linked to. This information is then sent to a central computer which holds information on many accounts. The customer's PIN number is checked as well as the amount of money in their account. If their account has sufficient funds, the ATM is instructed to dispense the cash requested. 2. Read the text once again to mark out the steps of ATM’s performance. Task XI 1. Read and translate the text.
Computer Users Primary school teacher We've got a new program with 3D graphics to encourage young children to tell stories. We tried it out last term and now we use it regularly. There's a mat in front of the monitor, like a carpet. There are pressure pads under the mat. When the children stand on them, they can move about inside the pictures on the screen. If they stand on the right, they can move to the right, and so on. The good thing is that it works better if there are more children on the mat. This encourages them to work together. What I like about this program is that if you ask the children what they've been doing, they don't say, 'We've been working with the computer', and they say 'We've been telling stories'. The computer doesn't get in the way of learning; it's just a tool we don't get that reaction when we sit them down at a keyboard. Open University student I've had a computer for about three years now. I'm an OU student doing a degree in mathematics. I work full time so I study at home in the evenings and at weekends. Some Saturdays there are tutorials I can attend in town but mostly I work alone. I use the computer to write my assignments. I also use the Internet to email my tutor if I have any problems with the course work. There's a help group too on the Web made up of other students doing my course - not just here in the UK but around the world. We can chat about assignments and help each other out if we're in difficulty. Louise, aged 6 Well, I make cards for my friends. I made one for Mary's birthday last week. I use Word and you go into clipart. Then these things come up on the screen. And you can click on any one like animals and two people with a heart, and a star and a hat. I've got CD ROMS. I like Splat the Cat and Pets 3. You click on Go to the Adoption Centre, then you go to Pick a Pet and you can choose what you want, a cat or a dog. And you can give it a name and feed it. The one I'm going to adopt is a cat. … And you've got to give your cat a name. But first I'll take its picture, then I'll save it. Artist I paint mainly figures in imaginary interiors. Erm, they represent myths. I work in acrylics although I also make woodcuts. Erm, I keep photographs of most of what I've done, apart from the work I've destroyed - the ones I didn't like. I've scanned in about a third of these photographs, around 100 paintings, to make a CD. I've organized the paintings into themes and added a soundtrack so that each group of paintings is accompanied by music. Erm, I'll send the CD to dealers. In the past it would have been slides. I'm also going to start my own website to try to sell directly. The difficult thing is trying to get people to visit your site. 2. Answer the questions. a. What for does a primary school teacher use a computer? b. What for does an Open University student use a computer? c. What for does a little girl use a computer? d. What for does an artist use a computer? 3. Tell the class what for you use a computer.
Task I 1. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences. computer hand-held keyboard mouse PC screen a. A laptop is a kind of _________________. b. You type on a ______________________. c. When you're using a computer, you look at the ______________. d. Very small computers are __________________________ computers. e. You click with a ___________________. f. A big computer you have at home is often called a ________________. 2. What’s the word? a. A computer you can hold in your hand is _______________. b. The part of a computer you type on is ________________. c. A computer you carry around with you and can use anywhere _____________. d. A small thing you click on when you're using a computer is _______________. e. You can see the words you type on it ________________. 3. Mark the true and false sentences. Correct the false ones. a. A computer is a system to process data. b. The central processing unit, peripheral devices, and memory are software. c. Operating system is a computer. d. Viruses are helpful programs. e. Interfaces allow the computer user to select items from menus and to start programs. 4. Give the definitions of the following: computer, hardware, software, network, computer memory, operating system Task II. Read and translate the text below completing it with the phrases in the box.
Information provided by programs and data is known as (1) …................................... Programs are sets of instructions that make the computer execute operations and tasks. There are two main types of software: The (2).....................................refers to all the programs which control the basic functions of a computer. They include operating systems, system utilities (e.g. an anti-virus program, a back-up utility) and language translators (e.g. a compiler - the software that translates instructions into machine code). The (3).....................................refers to all those applications - such as word processors and spreadsheets - which are used for specific purposes. Applications are usually stored on disks loaded into the RAM memory when activated by the user. The (4).....................................is the most important type of system software. It is usually supplied by the manufacturers and comprises a set of programs and files that control the hardware and software resources of a computer system. It controls all the elements that the user sees, and it communicates directly with the computer. In most configurations, the OS is automatically loaded into the RAM section when the computer is started up. Task III. Agree or disagree. Explain why. a. Computers are used in all spheres of our life. b. Computers can help people work quickly and efficiently. c. Computers prevent people from mistakes. d. Computers don’t have future.
Task I 1. Read about the situations when computers let people down. Choose the most suitable title from the list A-E for each part 1-5. A. Bugs killed my computer. B. Can you hear me? C. No computer, no work. D. Whoops-wrong address! E. E-ticket - no ticket! 1. ‘When your computer system at work crashes, you realize how dependent you are on technology. You can't write reports, access data, send emails, or print things. But you get to know your colleagues a bit better!’ 2. ‘I was travelling on a business trip with e-tickets - you just have a printout. But when I tried to check in at Frankfurt airport there was no record of my booking. And the flight was fully booked!’ 3. ‘Have you ever sent an email to the wrong person? It's so easy just to press 'Send'. I once wrote an email to my girlfriend but sent it to my boss by mistake!’ 4. ‘Computer viruses are really scary. I once opened an email attachment and my computer got a virus. I couldn’t open any of my documents! My hard disk was destroyed.’ 5. ‘My mobile phone battery went dead -just as I was closing a business deal! I nearly lost my job because of it. A dead battery wasn't an excuse.’ 2. Write about your similar experiences. Task II 1. Read about interesting facts. A. 81% of communication on the Internet is in English. B. The sign @ is 500 years old. It was first used by Italian merchants. It was a measure of capacity for oil or grain. C. The first Personal Computer was introduced by IBM and ran on Microsoft DOS 1.0 in 1981. D. 31 % of UK consumers stopped doing business with companies because of poor communication. 2. Find and write down some more interesting facts to read them in the class. Task III 1. Read the interview with Gary Wilson. Int. What exactly do you do? G.W. I'm a Senior Desktop Analyst. I am responsible for everything on the users' desktop PCs. Int. What's your favourite part of the job? G.W. The variety - I am involved with lots of people, lots of projects, and hardware and software. I very rarely have a regular boring day. Int. What's the most important thing you've learnt? G.W. People's skills are as important as technical skills. You have to be able to relate to people, find out information. The solution is not always technical. Int. What are the main challenges? G.W. Multitasking - keeping lots of balls in the air at the same time. I have a lot of different tasks and responsibilities that need to be properly managed and scheduled. Int. What advice would you give to someone just starting? G.W. Never stop learning. The IT world moves at a fast pace. You have to keep up with it. And you should try to understand the wider business you work for - that is the reason you are there in IT. 2. Describe Gary Wilson’s job. Reference
Информационные системы Составители: Татьяна Алексеевна Гурина Светлана Александровна Хлибко Практикум Федеральное государственное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования «Нижегородский государственный университет им. Н.И. Лобачевского. 603950, Нижний Новгород, пр. Гагарина, 23 |
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