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Operating system is a system in a computer that helps all the programs in it to work together.3. Software (SW) - программное обеспечение; программа Software is organized information in the form of operating systems, utilities, programs, and applications that enable computers to work. utility - утилита, сервисная программа, системная программа, обслуживающая программа, предназначенная для выполнения определённой, часто вспомогательной [служебной], функцииapplication - приложение, законченная прикладная программа или пакет, которые обеспечивают пользователю решение определенной задачиsystem software - системное программное обеспечение, системное ПО операционные системы, а также ПО и утилиты для разработки, отладки и сопровождения программapplication software - прикладное программное обеспечение (ПО), прикладные программы; совокупность приложений, имеющихся на данном компьютере или в данной компьютерной сети4. Network System – сетевая система (входящая в общую информационную сеть), распределительная сеть network - [вычислительная, компьютерная] сеть; совокупность рабочих станций, соединённых между собой с помощью сетевого оборудования и среды передачи данных, в качестве которой может использоваться кабель, телефонные линии или беспроводная связь, предназначена для совместного использования вычислительных ресурсов, периферийных устройств, приложений и данных
Task I 1. Read and translate the text. Computers A computer is an electronic machine that performs input, processing, storing, and output according to programmed instructions to carry out specific tasks. Computers were used primarily to do arithmetic computations (вычисления, расчеты), hence (отсюда) the term ‘computer’. A modern computer works in a similar way. Information is input into a computer with the help of a keyboard or a mouse. Then the computer processes the input, stores the result, and displays the result with the help of monitor, speaker, printer, or other output devices. There are different types of computer. The word you choose to describe them usually depends on the size. A PC (personal computer) is a computer which you use at home or in an office. PCs are also sometimes called desktop computers or just desktops. They usually have four separate parts: the computer itself, the screen, the mouse and the keyboard. The screen or monitor is the thing you look at, the keyboard is for typing, and the mouse is for clicking. A laptop is a smaller computer. It's called a laptop because it fits on your lap (your knees). It doesn't usually have a separate keyboard and screen. You often use a laptop when you need to move around because it's easy to carry. You can also have a hand-held computer. This is a very small computer that can be held in one hand. 2. Complete the sentences using the information from the text. a. A computer is an electronic machine … b. A computer was used … c. A modern computer works … d. Information is input into a computer with … e. The computer processes the input … f. There are different types … g. The word you choose to describe … h. A personal computer is … i. A desktop usually has four separate … j. A laptop is… k. A laptop doesn’t have … l. A hand-held computer is… 3. Match each word or phrase in column A with a meaning in column B. A B
4. Answer the questions. a. What is the function of a computer? b. What does the word to describe a computer depend on? c. What are PCs sometimes called? d. What is a personal computer designed for? e. What are the main separate parts of a personal computer? f. What kind of computers are a laptop and a hand-held computer? 5. Retell the text ‘Computers’. Task II 1. Read and translate the text.
Sizes and Types of Computer There are computers of different sizes and power. Supercomputer is the most powerful type of computer that can process large quantities of data of a similar type very quickly. Mainframe is a high-speed general-purpose computer. Usually it has a large store capacity. Mainframe can be multi-user and multi-tasking. Multi-user computer can be used by many people at the same time. Multi-tasking computer can run many programs and process different sets of data at the same time. Minicomputer is a small comparatively cheap digital computer. It is smaller than a mainframe. It is powerful, multi-user, and multi-tasking. Workstation is the most powerful type of desktop. Notebook (a notebook computer) is a portable computer that is smaller than a laptop model. It has often the size of a sheet of A4 paper. Pen-based computer is used with the help of an electronic pen (a main input device). Personal digital assistant (PDA) has functions such as task lists, diary, and address book. 2. Complete the sentences using the information from the text. a. Supercomputer is the most powerful type … b. Mainframe is … c. Mainframe is … d. Minicomputer has … e. Mainframe can be … f. Workstation is… g. Notebook (a notebook computer) is… h. Pen-based computer is used with… i. PDA has… 3. Match each word or phrase in column A with a meaning in column B. A B
4. Answer the questions. a. What is the function of a supercomputer? b. What is the function of a mainframe? c. What is the function of a minicomputer? d. What is a workstation? e. What type of computer is a notebook? f. What is a pen-based computer used with? g. What functions does a personal digital assistant have? 5. Retell the text ‘Sizes and Types of Computer’. Task III 1. Read and translate the text.
Computers on chips Electronics can be added to desktop computers by plugging in expansion cards. Expansion cards are electronic circuit boards that can be plugged into special sockets called expansion slots. It is also possible to build all the main parts of a computer into one electronic integrated circuit packaged as a single electronic chip. Electronic chip is the common name for a microchip, an electronic integrated circuit in a small package, i.e. the 'computer on a chip'. This enables computers to be built into other devices. Computers on chips can be used in household devices such as washing machines and fridges. They can be incorporated into plastic cards i.e. smart cards. Smart cards are able to store information. Devices that include a computer circuit are referred to as smart devices. Multimedia can process different forms of data including text, graphics, audio (sound), animation and video. This enables computer systems to be used for a combination of education and entertainment, sometimes referred to as edutainment. 2. Complete the sentences using the information from the text. a. Electronics can be added to … b. Expansion cards are electronic … c. It is also possible to build … d. Electronic chip is … e. Electronic chip is … f. Computers on chips can be g. Smart cards are able to … h. Multimedia can process different … i. Multimedia enables computer systems … 3. Match each word or phrase in column A with a meaning in column B. A B
4. Answer the questions. a. How can electronics be added to desktop computers? b. What are expansion cards? c. What is an electronic chip? d. Where are computers on chips used? e. What are smart cards for? f. What devices are referred to as smart? g. What can multimedia process? h. What does multimedia enable computer systems to be used for? 5. Retell the text ‘Computers on chips’. Task IV 1. Read and translate the text.
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Орлов, А. И. Эконометрика. Учебник. – М.: Издательство "Экзамен", 2002. – 576с. 27 | Орлов, А. И. Эконометрика. Учебник. – М.: Издательство "Экзамен", 2002. – 576с. 23 | ||
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