Примерные вопросы к зачету (семестр2):
1. Dialects. Methods of dialectology.
2. Traditional dialects of England.
3. Modern dialects of England.
4. Posh English, BBC English, Cockney.
5. Irish English.
6. Scottish English.
8. Standard American vs. British English.
9. Modern American Dialects.
Темы курсовых работ по теорфонетике
Органы речи и их работа.
Английские согласные и принципы их классификации.
Английские гласные и принципы их классификации.
Изменения английских согласных и гласных в потоке речи.
Слогообразование и слогоделение в английском языке.
Ударение в английском языке.
Английская интонация.
Интонационные группы О’ Коннора
Стилистическое использование интонации. Интонационные стили.
Традиционные диалекты Англии.
Современные диалекты Англии.
Шотландский вариант английского языка.
Ирландский вариант английского языка.
Американский английский. Современные диалекты.
Австралийский вариант английского языка.
Зачет:
В билет на зачете включено два вопроса, соответствующие содержанию формируемых компетенций. Зачет проводится в устной форме. На ответ студенту отводится 35 минут. За ответ на каждый теоретический вопрос студент может получить максимально 50 баллов. Перевод баллов в оценку:
0-49 баллов – не зачтено
50-100 – зачтено.
3-4 семестры (лексикология)
ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ ЗАДАНИЯ
Перечень заданий /вопросов
Банк тестовых заданий по отдельным разделам и темам для самостоятельной работы студентов и составления тестов промежуточного и итогового контроля
Origin of English Words
Ex. 1
Translate the following into Russian. State from what languages the following expressions and shortenings are borrowed.
Coup d’état, kindergarten, tête-à-tête, Blitzkrieg, enfant terrible, persona grata, beau monde, leitmotiv, bon mot, prima donna, ottava rima, Hun, nazi, etc., e. g., a. m., p. m.
Ex. 2
Group the following words according to their origin.
Caftan, operetta, machine, vanilla, waltz, skipper, algebra, telephone, dollar, wigwam, mazurka, pagoda, kangaroo, taboo, gorilla, tobacco, chauffeur, beauty, umbrella, squaw, nun, sputnik, cosmodrome.
Ex. 3
Compare the meaning of the following Russian and English words. Use them in sentences of your own.
Характер – character, реализовать - realize, агитатор - agitator, кондуктор - conductor, магазин - magazine, спекулировать - speculate, инцидент - incident, объект - object, принципиальный – principal
Ex. 4
Explain the etymology of the following words. Write them out in three columns: a) fully assimilated words; b) partially assimilated words; c) unassimilated words. Explain the reasons for your choice in each case.
ballet, beet, butter, skin, take, cup, police, monk, garage, phenomenon, wine, large, lesson, criterion, nice, coup d’état, river, loose, skirt.
Ex. 5
Give 5 own examples of words which could be translator’s false friends.
Affixation
Ex.1
Pick out words with noun-building suffixes. Explain the meaning of the words.
1.He did not know how the officialdom would end the scandal. 2. Gemma’s friendship, her charm, her simple comradeship were the brightest things in his life. 3. Gabriel’s wife served out spoonfuls of the pudding and passed the plates down the table. 4. It was a dull, respectable, uninspired townlet, but scarcely a hole. 5. The grey changelessness of things got hold of me. 6. The cat is a splendid mouser. 7. When he returned to the palace the marketing began. 8. “Please,” auntie says, “will you try a piece of our Mayday cake?” 9. The pavement of the road took two months. 10. Shall I tell the receptionist that Mrs. Baird is a regular case and open an account for her?
Ex. 2
Read the following sentences. Translate the words in bold type into Russian.
1. In a thoughtless moment he put his hand in his pocket. 2. She seemed resistless. 3. He continued in his honeyed voice. 4. The coffee was so sweetish, it made her shudder. 5. He passed a curtained corridor. 6. The boy was still standing there, peering trainward. 7. These professions are only in seasonal demand. 8. Can’t you see she is edgy after being up all night? 9. “No sense in getting panicky,” she assured herself. 10. She was more spiteful than all the rest put together. 11. His words were playful but his look became grave.
Ex. 3
State the origin and explain the meaning of the suffixes in: childhood, hardship, freedom, toward, brotherly, granny, hatred, hireling, village, drunkard, limitation.
Ex. 4
Explain the difference between the meanings of the following words produced from the same root by means of different affixes. Translate them into Russian: watery – waterish, embarrassed – embarrassing, colourful – coloured, respected – respectful, respectable, manly – mannish.
Conversion
Ex.1
Read the following sentences, translate them. Define what part of speech the words in bold type are and what part of speech they are derived from.
1. Her heart hungered for action. 2. The road was mined. 3. The cows are milking well now. 4. His face chilled suddenly. 5. Cal voiced his dream. 6. The pages had yellowed with age. 7. He slowly corked the bottle. 8. A butterfly winged its way into the air. 9. He weekended with us. 10. She carefully bandaged the arm.
Ex. 2
Explain the meanings of the verbs in bold type. Translate the verbs into Russian.
to powder one’s nose, to elbow one’s way, to head a delegation, to parrot the grown-ups, to nurse the wounded, to boss the job, to dock the ship, to garage the car, to barrel beer, to torture the prisoner, to anger the mother, to inconvenience the host
Ex. 3
Supply the verbs which the nouns in bold type are derived from. Translate the original and the converted words into Russian. Comment on the semantic character of the derived nouns.
1. She is an awful tease. 2. The boy happened to be a cheat. 3. She is the well-know gossip of the town. 4. The night watch rushed to his help. 5. Then followed an interminable wait. 6. His long hunt for the book resulted in a failure. 7. The station is a half-an-hour walk from our house. 8. Christine had the run of Mrs. Herbert’s kitchen. 9. With his heavy bag and torn shoes he looked like a tramp. 10. He was certainly on the move.
Ex. 4
Comment on relations within the conversion pairs. Use the verbs in your own sentences: dog – to dog, finger – to finger, dress– to dress, pocket– to pocket, back– to back, monkey – to monkey
Ex. 5
Translate and explain the following cases of conversion: to pirate, to worm, to up, to engineer, to oh-oh, to thou.
Composition
Ex.1
Read the following sentences. Explain the meaning of the adjectives in bold type in English.
1. He was wearing a brand-new overcoat and hat. 2. His hair was a bit reddish before he went piebald. 3. It was a snowy pitch-black night. 4. The colour deepened in her rain-wet cheeks. 5. She never said she was homesick. 6. He ignored the red light as if he were colour-blind. 7. Don’t be so blood-thirsty, father! 8. He acted with pride, which one could not expect from such a lackey-minded person. 9. She is a tall woman with black hair and eyes and an ivory-white face. 10. The woman stared at her papers with sleep-filmed eyes. 11. He held his hands for a moment against his deep-lined cheeks.
Ex. 2
Comment on the meanings of the following compound nouns. Translate them into Russian.
thumb-nail, nerve-knot, danger-point, daylight, cream-puff, corner-room, breast-pocket, side-door, egg-plant, jelly-fish, box-car, air-brake, inkstain, love-quarrel, girl-page, restaurant-car, money-box, hand-shake, stop-light, sun-light
Ex. 3
Arrange the following compounds into three groups according to their motivation: fully or partially-motivated and unmotivated: light-hearted, butterfly, cabman, blackberry, wolf-dog, dragon-fly, looking-glass, bluestocking, necklace, earthquake.
Ex. 4
Form as many compounds as possible with grass-, hand-, tree-, -looking.
Shortening
Ex. 1
Write out in full the following shortened words:
A.T., UNO, ad, comfy, U-boat, cycle, para troops, prep, props, sub, B-girl, B.M.O.C.
Ex. 2
Translate the following shortenings and comment on the type of them, give their full form:
H-bomb, mike, tec, comfy, UNESCO, Bella, cause, para troops, props.
Word-building
Ex. 1
Read the following sentences. Define the means by which the words in bold type are built. Translate the words into Russian.
1. She steeled herself to endure the bumping over the rough road. 2. She looked after the nurse with a doglike expression and slowly began to put on her dressing-gown. 3. Feelings continually voiced cease to be feelings and feelings never voiced deepen with their dumbness. 4. Life had rooted these ideas firmly in their minds. 5. He glanced at the clock and edged nearer to the door. 6. He was going to have tea with his aunties. 6. She had no intention of being sidetracked from the subject. 7. Then her mind pictured the layout. 8. “Frightfully bad roads! The bus was ditched in that narrow turning.” 9. He took the hours-old dish away. 10. He was heart-sore over the sudden collapse of a promising career. 11. I need not say that such a breach of confidence is unthinkable. 12. Then she catfooted to the opening, pausing for another second to listen. 13. It was a long hall papered and carpeted in dark green. 14. I’m always called “Mother” at home, because I’ve mothered him ever since my dear mother died.
Semaseology
Ex. 1
State the semes of the following words: baby, monkey.
Ex. 2
Give the denotational and connotational meaning of the following words:
granny, to pass away, to feather-bed, to soft-soap, to cosmeticize.
Phraseology
Ex. 1
Pick out all the phraseological units from the following sentences and classify them. Translate all the passages into Russian.
1. … “I’d like to have a day or two in which to think it over… .” “Why, certainly, certainly, Mr. Cowperwood,” replied Stener genially. “That’s all right. Take you time.” 2. Jos, a clumsy and timid horseman, did not look to advantage in the saddle. “Look at him, Amelia dear… . Such a bull in a china shop I never saw.” 3. In the end he parted friends with both Tighe and Rivers. “That’s a smart young fellow,” observed Tighe, ruefully. “He’ll make his mark,” rejoined Rivers. 4. There was no reason why Anna should not make a splendid match. Joe and Ed might also marry since they were not destined to set the world on fire in commerce. 5. And he concluded … that no man could tell what he would do if he were in the shoes of another man. 6. A simple cold, caught in the room with double windows … and James was in deep waters. 7. “Jo,” he said. “I should like to hear what sort of water you’re in. I suppose you’re in debt?” 8. He was not vastly interested in Clare. She had always been to him one of those women who took the bit between their teeth and were bound to fetch up now and again with broken knees. 9. … the sooner you are gone bag and baggage, the better for all parties. 10. This lady knew all the Forsytes, and having been at June’s “at home,” was not at a loss to see with whom she had to deal. 11. The sea run high and the boat may be dashed to pieces on the rocks. 12. I guess I’ll pop outside and have a word with Miss Bunting. 13. The matter with her is that I played the fool with her, that’s all. 14. If you cry I will give Miss Wilson a piece of my mind for worrying you. 15. I know that we cut a very poor figure beside you.
Ex. 2
Complete the following phrases so that they make English proverbs and phraseological units. Explain the meaning of the given part.
1.A bird in the hand. 2. The last straw. 3. To eat one’s cake and have it. 4. Old bird. 5. The early bird. 6. Half the battle. 7. A silver lining. 8. Fine feathers. 9. A new broom. 10. A bee in one’s bonnet. 11. Spilt milk. 12. A mare’s nest.
Ex. 3
Give as many phraseological units as possible, using any of the following words:
to beat, to catch, to mind, bone, love, mouth, dead, ready
Transfer of meaning
Ex. 1
Explain the logic of the transfer of meaning.
1.The wings of a bird, of a plane, of a mill; on wings of joy.
2.The foot of a man, of a hill, of a bottle.
3.Tongues of flame; The child’s tongue is coated.
4.The neck of a girl, of a bottle.
5.Moscow is the heart of the country; My heart is beating with excitement.
6.The mouth of a pot, of a river, of a cave.
Ex. 2
Discuss the following cases of metonymy:
1. He is the hope of the family. 2. She was the pride of her school. 3. I have never read Balzac in the original. 4. My sister is fond of old china. 5. The coffee-pot is boiling. 6. The pit loudly applauded. 7. He succeeded to the crown.
Polysemy
Ex. 1
Give all the meanings you know of the following words, illustrating them with examples:
to take, to feel, to let, power, drift, institute, to dress
Homonyms
Ex. 1
Spell the following homophones. Translate them into Russian and use them in sentences of your own.
[´siəriəl], [´fa:ðə], [lein], [meiz], [diə], [pleit], [prei], [Θroun], [bi:t], [´beri], [seil], [sent], [pi:s]
Ex. 2
Transcribe the following homographs. State their different meaning.
lead, compact, row, invalid, polish, desert, wind, bow, tear, close
Ex. 3
Choose the right word:
1)Our team will (loose, lose) unless it learns to pass the ball.
2)After dinner we all (set, sat) round the table.
3)Ann will clean all the carpets (accept, except) this one.
4)Liz (quite, quiet, quit) likes her job and spends a lot of time at work.
5)Nick is not sure (weather, whether) Jeff is going with us.
6)Kim (through, threw) the javelin a record distance.
Ex. 4
Speak about the type of homonyms and explain the difference:
1) proceed – precede
2) affect – effect
3) access – excess
4) principal – principle
5) stationary – stationery
6) dessert – desert n – desert v
7) cite – site – sight
8) persecute – procecute
9) peace - piece
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