Методические указания для студентов всех технических специальностей заочного отделения
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VIII. Заполните пропуски правильными модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами.27. The scientist…patent his invention.
28. He … the first radio-receiving set.
29. His experiments … the existence of electromagnetic waves.
30. In student days A.S. Popov … as a mechanic at one of the first electric power-plants.
31. A.S. Popov … his device.
IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в нужной форме. 32. Radio occupies one of the leading places among … achievements of modern engineering .
33. A.S. Popov is one of … Russian scientists.
34. A.S. Popov didn’t live to see … progress of his invention.
X. Переведите текст (письменно). There are several scales for measuring temperature. On the Centigrade scale the boiling point of water is fixed at 100 (one hundred degrees), its freezing point is at 0 (zero). The equivalent points on the Fahrenheit scale are at 212 and 32. When it is necessary to convert temperature readings from the Fahrenheit scale to the Centigrade, we subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9. Sometimes scientists use the Absolute scale (Kelvin) in which the temperature is measured in degrees Centigrade from the point at which molecular motion ceases. Absolute zero is –273.1C. The instruments measuring temperature, the thermometers, are nearly identical but each has a different scale. Most thermometers use mercury as an agent and we call them mercury thermometers. But at the temperatures below –39C mercury freezes and becomes a solid. And so for measuring very high and very low temperatures we use electrical thermometers. Контрольная работа № 2 по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения, обучающихся по всем техническим направлениям и специальностям II семестр Вариант 1 I. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно). SIMULATING — A NEW WAY OF CREATING MATERIALS Mankind waited for bronze quite a long time. But when it arrived, it brought a revolution that changed civilization for ever. Then iron came with its hard edge for swords and, later still, steel brought the Industrial Revolution. During the 20th century the pace quickened, in less than a hundred years several entirely new classes of material appeared and quite new ones will certainly make an impression on the 21st century. Until recently, most new materials were discovered by complete accident, or by trial and error. The latter strategy involves taking a few metals, mixing them together in certain ratios and watching what comes out. The process of studying a material’s behavior under pressure, at high and low temperature, in and out of magnetic and electric fields and in countless other conditions can take years or decades. But all this can soon change. Recent advances in mathematics and computing are making it possible to simulate the properties of materials. This approach entirely changes the whole idea of materials testing. What’s more, the work that used to take years can now be done for months. The simulations begin with rules of quantum mechanics that govern matter on the atomic and subatomic level. Huge increases in computing power have made the simulations possible and recent developments of mathematical methods are making complex calculations much easier. Thanks to new techniques of research the number of calculations needed to solve large number of problems has fallen. Where the simulations work, they bring a great change to materials development. Thanks to this new simulation technology the 21st century will get new materials in quantities that had never been heard before. II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту. 1. What material brought the Industrial Revolution?
2. How were most new materials discovered until recently?
3. What are recent advances in mathematics and computing making it possible to do? a) to study a material’s behavior under pressure. b) to make a new discovery. c) to simulate the properties of materials. III. Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста. 4. When bronze arrived it brought …. a) a new discovery in the electric and magnetic fields b) a revolution that changed civilization for ever c) a new simulation technology 5. Most new materials were discovered …. a) by complete accident b) at high temperatures c) by rules of quantum mechanics 6. To simulate the properties of materials is possible thanks to …. a) recent advances in physics and chemistry b) recent advances in agriculture and biology c) recent advances in mathematics and computing 7. The simulations begin …. a) with new techniques of research b) with rules of quantum mechanics c) with complex calculations 8. Where the simulations work they bring a great change …. a) to materials development b) to the properties of materials c) to quantum mechanics IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову. 9. включать
10. впечатление
11. открывать
12. моделировать
13. возможный
14. свойство
15. полностью
V. Выберите русское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного предложения. 16. This approach entirely changes the whole idea of materials testing. a) Этот подход полностью меняет всю идею тестирования материалов. b) Идея провести тестирование полностью изменила подход к материалам. c) Идея о тестировании материалов была полностью отвергнута. 17. The work that used to take years can now be done for months. а) Работа, которую нужно было сделать за месяц, потребовала годы. b) Год и месяц потребовались, чтобы проделать эту работу. c) Работа, на которую обычно требовались годы, теперь делается за месяцы. 18. When bronze arrived, it brought a revolution that changed civilization for ever. a) Появление бронзы революционно изменило цивилизацию навсегда. b) Государство изменило производство бронзы после революции. c) Появление бронзы привело к революции, которая изменила цивилизацию навсегда. VI. Выберите английское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного предложения. 19. The process of studying a materials behavior under pressure, at high and low temperatures, in and out of magnetic and electric field and in countless other conditions can take years or decades. a) It will take less than a year to study a materials behavior under pressure. b) Only a decade will be required to study a materials behavior under pressure at high and low temperatures. c) Perhaps, several years will be necessary for studying a materials behavior in and out of magnetic and electric field. 20. During the 20th century the pace quickened, in less than a hundred years several entirely new classes of material appeared and quite new ones will certainly make an impression on the 21st century. a) New classes of materials will appear during the 21st century. b) New classes of materials were used in the 20th century. c) During the 20th century the process of appearing new classes of materials slowed down. 21. Huge increases in computing power have made the simulations possible and recent developments of mathematical methods are making complex calculations much easier. a) It became possible to simulate new materials thanks to increasing in computing power. b) The decrease in computing power has made the simulation possible. c) The researches in quantum mechanics are making complex calculations much easier. VII. Выберите правильную неличную форму глагола. 22. The new method … by this team of scientists is very progressive.
23. The group of scientists … this research is in the laboratory now.
24. … the material’s behavior under pressure changes the whole idea of material testing.
25. The simulations are known … a great change to materials development.
26. This new method was the last … in the last century.
VIII. Определите функцию неличной формы глагола. 27.To study this method is extremely important for the development of science.
28. The process of studying the material behavior under pressure can take years or decades.
29. When arrived, bronze brought a revolution that changed civilization for ever.
30. We need methods simulating the properties of materials.
IX. Выберите правильную форму условного предложения. 31. If we … the research, we … the properties of materials long ago. a) complete, will simulate b) completed, would simulate c) had completed, would have simulated 32. If the simulations …, they … a great change to materials development in future. a) work…will bring b) worked … brought c) had worked, would have brought 33. … the research of new methods …, the new classes of materials … nowadays. a) be … completed, will appear b) were … completed, would appear c) had … been completed, would have been appeared. 34. The scientist wished this method … in simulating new materials. a) were used b) used c) use 35. If recent advances in mathematics and computing … it possible to simulate the properties of materials now, this approach … the whole idea of materials testing. a) make…will change b) made…would change c) had made…would have changed X. Переведите текст (письменно). The development of a number of industries is unthinkable without materials with special properties. Powder metallurgy helps to obtain such materials. The operational principle of powder metallurgy is very well known – an article of necessary size is modelled, in a mould, out of very small metal grains and is put into an electrothermic furnace where the grains get sintered together. The coefficient of metal utilization grows by five times and the time of operation of powder articles increases greatly. The sintered articles have already shown their advantages in outer space, under the deep sea conditions and inside various machines. The antivibration alloys of the “iron-copper” type made it possible to double the life of drilling tools. This increased the labour productivity by 20 per cent. |
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