Методические указания для студентов всех технических специальностей заочного отделения
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The energy which the Sun radiates every second is a million times greater than the energy which the world consumes every year.Russian scientists found a way of utilizing this immense supply of energy with great efficiency. They constructed a very cheap water heater, which uses solar energy. Such heaters will be used in specially designed houses. There is a factory which manufactures solar heaters for heating and hot-water systems. There is a solar-powered boiler in Simferopol, which heats a five-storey hotel. Buildings of several designs which use solar energy for heating and illuminating are also built in other southern regions of our country. Контрольная работа № 1 по английскому языкудля студентов заочного отделения, обучающихся по всем техническим направлениям и специальностям I семестр Вариант 2I. Прочтите и переведите текст (устно). A MACHINE SHOULD WORK, AND A MAN SHOULD THINK The robots of our time resemble humans very little. According to specialists, the main thing for them is not to look like people, but to do their work for them. Factories which are equipped with automatic machine-tools, transfer lines and management information systems place a lot of hope in them. Automation sought out areas where a robot can operate as well as a person but where people don’t like working. In other words the man has created the robot so as not to become a robot himself. The first generation of robots appeared in the 60s and they were complex and capricious in maintenance. They could perform operations of the type «take off- put on» or «pick up-bring». They could pick up items only from definite positions determined by a rigid programme. Today, to avoid errors, robots are supplied with vision (TV camera) and hearing (microphone). They can perform more complex production and operations – painting, soldering, welding and assembly work. A more complex task lies ahead – to remove people completely from production areas where there are harmful fumes, excessively high or low temperatures and pressure. People should not work in conditions that are dangerous. Let the robots replace them there – and the sooner, the better. That is how Soviet scientists understand one of the main humanistic tasks of robotics of our time. Generally speaking a single robot by itself is hardly of any use in production. It must be coupled in design with other equipment, with a system of machines, machine-tools and other devices. We must set up robotized complexes and flexible productions capable of transferring easily and quickly to an output of new goods. Flexible production systems consist, as a rule of several machine-tools with numerical programmed control or of processing centres-machine-tools equipped with microprocessors. An all-purpose computer controls the entire cycle, including the storage facilities. One hundred per cent automated production is no longer a dream. Today Soviet enterprises produce over 1,000 robots every month. There is already talk of making thinking robots. Apparently, robots will appear which will be able to discourse, understand and acquire the ability to study. May be they will be able to enrich our concepts about the world around us. But one thing is certain – a robot will never be able to grasp even the semblance of such emotions as love, honour, pride, pity, courage and selflessness. II. Выберите правильный вариант ответов на вопросы по тексту. 1. When did the first generation of robots appear?
2. For what purpose has the man created the robot? a) for no purpose b) to work in the areas where people can’t work or don’t like working c) to get free from work 3. How many robots do our enterprises produce every month?
III. Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста.4. The main thing for robots is to….
5. First robots … . a) were simple and easy in maintenance b) could perform any operation c) performed only definite kind of operations 6. Robots appeared … . a) to replace people completely b) to remove people from dangerous production areas c) to perform the easiest operations 7. A single robot … . a) must be included into robotized complexes b) is quite possible in production c) should not be coupled with other equipment 8. Future robots … . a) will be able to grasp such emotions as love, honour, pride and pity b) will be able to enrich our concepts about the world around us c) won’t be able to understand or acquire the ability to study IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову. 9. тех. обслуживание (эксплуатация)
10. автоматизация
11. гуманный
12. вредный
13. оборудование
14. цифровой
15. производство
V. Выберите русское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного. 16. Today to avoid errors robots are supplied with vision (TV-camera) and hearing (microphone). a) В наше время для того, чтобы избежать ошибок в работе роботов, их наделяют зрением (телекамерой) и слухом (микрофоном). b) В наше время роботы для того, чтобы избежать ошибок, снабжают нас зрением и слухом. c) Сегодня роботы наделяются слухом и зрением, избегая ошибок. 17. Let the robots replace them (people) – and the sooner the better. a) Позвольте роботам заменить людей как можно скорее. b) Пусть же роботы заменят людей – и чем скорее, тем лучше. c) Давайте заменим людей роботами – и чем скорее, тем лучше. 18. People should not work in conditions that are dangerous for their life. a) Люди не должны работать в опасных условиях. b) Людям не следует работать в опасных для жизни условиях. c) Люди не могут работать в условиях, опасных для жизни. VI. Выберите английское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного. 19. Automation sought out areas where a robot can operate as well as a person but where people don’t like working. a) Automation found out areas where a robot can’t work as well as a person. b) Automation tries to find out areas where a robot can replace a person. c) Automation managed to find out areas where a robot can successfully work instead of people. 20. First robots were very complex and capricious in maintenance. a) First robots could be run without any problems. b) First robots were not so flexible and easy in repair and assembly as modern ones. c) First robots were very complex but certain in maintenance. 21. One hundred per cent automated production is no longer a dream. a) One hundred per cent automated production is still a dream. b) One hundred per cent automated production is not a dream already. c) One hundred per cent automated production will come true. VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола. 22. People ... the robots so as not to become robots themselves.
23. Today our enterprises ... over 1000 robots every month.
24. Evidently robots ... which will be able to understand and study.
25. Nowadays robots ... with vision and hearing.
26. Factories which ... with automatic machine-tools place a lot of hope in robots.
VIII. Заполните пропуски правильными модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами. 27. In the 60s robots ... pick up items only from definite positions.
28. People ... not work in conditions that are dangerous.
29. It ... be coupled in design with other equipment.
30. May be robots of future ... to enrich our concepts about the world around us.
31. We ... set up robotized complexes and flexible productions.
IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в нужной форме. 32. Let the robots replace them there and the sooner – the ... .
33. Robots can perform ... production operations.
34. People should not work in conditions that are ... .
X. Переведите текст (письменно). The exhibition "Intensification-90" which is devoted to economic and social developments of St. Petersburg region was on in St. Petersburg. Its exhibits show the tenants’ efforts to improve the quality and efficiency of the region production. A large section of the exhibition demonstrates electronics. The most impressive of the exhibits are robots. They can cut metals, drill holes, compute and teach. All robots are very much things of the present. A multipurpose lathe-robot is especially interesting in that it can "ask questions". An engineer showed how it works. He pressed a key which has the mark "Thread cutting". And "Thread pitch?" immediately appeared on the video display screen. The engineer pressed another key with the mark "I". Another question came on: "Thread length". The robot has to get all the answers to all its questions before it goes to work. Контрольная работа № 1 по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения, обучающихся по всем техническим направлениям и специальностям I семестр Вариант 3 I. Прочтите и переведите текст (устно). PLANET EARTH — OUR COMMON HOME Ecology is a science which is concerned with the interrelations of organisms and their environment, that is with everything that surrounds them. The ecologists are faced with a lot of problems in the modern world – the air we breathe, the water we drink, the food we eat, the soil we stand on, the great projects we construct... There are about 6 billion people in the world at present. The population is growing very fast and scientists believe that in a few decades it will be too big for the earth to support. The Earth is being constantly damaged in different ways. Speaking about the growth of population we have to admit the increase of industries and their harmful effects on the environment – the pollution of air from choking factory chimneys and the pollution of water because of industrial wastes. Among the other serious problems which our planet is facing are: the increasing consumption of energy and water, the pollution of air by car exhausts, the increasing hole in the atmospheric ozone layer, the rivers that are poisoned with industrial and agricultural chemicals, the forests that are felled and vast forest territories that are devastated by fire and acid rains. Besides, armed conflicts and local wars add to the critical situation on the planet. The Earth is just a huge spaceship and mankind is its crew. Can quarrels and killing among the crew be permitted? What will then happen to the spaceship? What will happen to mankind? If we realize the coming danger, we’ll see that we should find solutions to all the problems to survive. What should be done to change the situation for the better?
These and many other steps should be taken already now to make our planet a safer and better place to live in. We, human beings, must act. II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы по тексту. 1. What problems are the ecologists faced with? a) The ecologists are faced with many problems. b) The ecologists are faced with some problems. c) The ecologists are faced with a lot of problems – the air, we breath, the water we drink, the food we eat… 2. How is the population growing? a) The population is growing slowly. b) The population is growing very fast. c) The population is not growing. 3. What shall we see if we realize the coming danger? a) We should find solutions to all the problems to survive. b) Nothing can be changed. c) We shall not change people’s attitude towards the environment. III. Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста. 4. Ecology is a science which is concerned with… a) organisms b) the environment c) the interrelations of organisms and their environment 5. The ecologists are faced with a lot of problems…
6. The earth is being constantly damaged…
7. Speaking about the growth of population we have to admit… a) effects on the environment b) harmful effects on the environment c) useful effects on the environment 8. Our planet is facing… a) the decreasing consumption of energy and water b) the consumption of energy and water c) the increasing consumption of energy and water IV. Подберите эквиваленты к данному русскому слову. 9. наука
10. окружать
11. расти
12. поддерживать
13. окружающая среда
14. загрязнение
15. из-за
V. Выберите русское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного предложения. 16. The rivers are poisoned with industrial and agricultural chemicals. a) Реки загрязняются химикатами b) Реки загрязняются разными химикатами c) Реки загрязняются промышленными и сельскохозяйственными химикатами. 17. What should be done to change the situation for the better? a) Что нужно сделать, чтобы изменить положение к лучшему? b) Что делается для изменения положения к лучшему? c) Что можно сделать для изменения положения к лучшему? 18. We must change people’s attitude towards the environment. a) Мы можем изменить отношение людей к окружающей среде. b) Нам следовало бы изменить отношение людей к окружающей среде. c) Мы должны изменить отношение людей к окружающей среде. VI. Выберите английское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного предложения. 19. We should prevent animals from extinction. a) People should protect animals from dying out. b) We should prevent animals from existence. c) Animals shouldn't be on the brink of extinction. 20. If we realize the coming danger, we'll see that we should find solutions to all the problems to survive. a) We could find the solutions to all the ecological problems only if we understand the coming danger. b) Whether we understand the coming danger, we'll see that we should find solutions to all the problems to survive. c) If we had realized the coming danger, we would have seen that we should find solutions to all the problems to survive. 21. We must protect the ozone layer from harmful industrial products. a) We have to protect the ozone layer from harmful effects of industrial emissions. b) We are to prevent the ozone layer from destroying harmful industrial products. c) We might protect the ozone layer from harmful industrial products. VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола. 22. Ecology is a science which … with the interrelations of organisms and their environment.
23. There … about 6 billion people in the world at present.
24. The population …. very fast.
25. Scientists believe that in a few decades the population … too big for the earth to support.
26. The Earth … constantly in different ways.
VIII. Заполните пропуски правильными модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами 27. We… to admit the increase of industries.
28. … quarrels and killing among the crew be permitted?
29. We … find solutions to all the problems to survive.
30. We … save more energy and water.
31. We … prevent animals from extinction.
IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в нужной форме. 32. The Earth is being constantly damaged in … ways.
33. We should make our plant a … place.
34. We should find the … solution to all the problems to survive.
X. Переведите текст (письменно). There are several cities in Russia which have got the metro at present. The first 11.6 km-long line of the Moscow underground, the oldest in our country, went into operation in 1935. Today the total length of the Moscow metro lines is more than 300 km. According to the General Plan for the capital’s development another 120 km will be added in the next few years. If you look at the poster-map of the Moscow metro, you’ll see a lot of train lines which run in all directions through the city. You’ll also see a ring-road around the centre which connects the most important squares and railway terminals. In 1955 underground trains started running in St. Petersburg. The first line ran from the north to the south of the city and crossed the Neva under the bottom of the deep river waters. Unlike the Moscow metro trains which go not only under ground but also over ground, St. Petersburg trains all run in the deep tunnels. Today the length of the four main lines is more than 100 km. Over two million passengers are carried by this fast transport daily. Контрольная работа № 1 по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения, обучающихся по всем техническим направлениям и специальностям I семестр |
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