Методические указания для студентов всех технических специальностей заочного отделения
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Вариант 4I. Прочтите и переведите текст (устно). CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSION Some gases in the atmosphere allow visible light to pass through, but they block much of the heat which is reflected from the Earth’s surface – in the same way as the glass windows in a greenhouse. Without this greenhouse effect, temperatures in the world could be lower by 35 degrees Celsius, most of the oceans would freeze, and life would cease or be totally changed. According to the theory of global warming, an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere will produce too high temperature increases. Aside from water vapour, the main greenhouse gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide. Of these, carbon dioxide is the most important. The most dramatic consequence of the warming would be a rise in the sea level from the melting of polar ice and glaciers, a rise that the Environmental Protection Agency projects to be 20 feet in the year 2300. And the large parts of territories along sea and ocean coasts will be under water. Scientists don’t think that mankind alone is responsible for the melting of glaciers and the rise of sea levels up to 25 centimetres this century. But we have created conditions that accelerate the process. The majority of climatologists feel that a risk of global warming exists, although there is much disagreement about the extent and timing. At the 1992 United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development, more than 150 countries signed the Convention on the Climate Change for the control of emissions of greenhouse gases. In the early 1990s, the United States produced 23 per cent of global emission, Western Europe 14 per cent, Japan 5 per cent and China 12 per cent. Although emissions have grown much for the past 40 years, they began levelling off in the late 1980s and the early 1990s. In December 1997 about 160 nations took part in the conference in Japan which was to limit emission of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the future. II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы по тексту. 1. What is the cause of the greenhouse effect?
2. What will an increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere result in?
3. What is the point of view of many scientists concerning the consequences of increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere?
III. Закончите предложение по содержанию прочитанного текста. 4. Without this greenhouse effect temperatures in the world would ... a) be higher b) be lower c) be lower by 35 degrees Celsius 5. The majority of scientists think that a risk of global warming ...
6. The participants of the United Nations Conference signed the Convention ... a) on using only electric energy b) on the control of emissions of greenhouse gases c) on creating conditions that accelerate the process of global warming 7. During the last years emissions began ...
8. Without greenhouse effect life ...
IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову. 9. разрешать, позволять
10. теплый
11. принимать участие
12. существовать
13. развитие
14. ускорение
15. производить
V. Выберите русское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного предложения. 16. The worst consequence of the warming would be a rise in the sea level. a) Последствием потепления будет повышение уровня моря. b) Самым ужасным последствием потепления было бы повышение уровня моря. c) Уровень моря повысился бы как результат потепления. 17. The majority of climatologists feel that a risk of global warming exists. a) Большинству климатологов ясно, что существует риск глобального потепления. b) Климатологи предполагают глобальное потепление. с) Глобальное потепление возможно. 18. Large parts of territories along sea and ocean coasts will be under water. a) Будут затоплены большие территории. b) Большие участки территорий, расположенных на побережье морей и океанов будут затоплены. с) Есть опасность затопления побережья морей и океанов. VI. Выберите английское предложение, наиболее точно передающее содержание предъявленного предложения. 19. Some gases in the atmosphere allow visible light to pass through, but they block much of the heat which is reflected from the Earth’s surface. a) Visible light can pass through some gases in the atmosphere but these gases block much of the heat which is reflected from Earth’s surface. b) Visible light cannot pass through some gases which block heat from Earth’s surface. c) Some gases in the atmosphere allow visible light to pass through. 20. Although emissions have grown much for the past 40 years, they began levelling off in the late 1980s. a) Emissions leveled off in the late 1980s. b) Emissions have increased considerably for the past 40 years but they began levelling off in the late 1980s. c) Emissions have a tendency towards increasing for the past 40 years. 21. In 1997, 160 nations took part in the conference in Japan which was to limit emissions of greenhouse gases. a) All countries in the world take part in conferences dedicated to the problems of limiting emissions of greenhouse gases. b) The conference in which 160 nations took part was held in Japan in 1997. c) The conference in Japan, which was held in 1997, was dedicated to the problem of limiting emissions of greenhouse gases. VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола. 22. People ... conditions for the melting of glaciers.
23. In some years large territories ... under water.
24. In 1992 the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development ... .
25. Some years ago about 160 nations ... part in the conference.
26. Some experts ... that it is practically impossible to protect the big cities from pollution.
VIII. Заполните пропуски соответствующими модальными глаголами или их эквивалентами. 27. Visible light ... pass through some gases in the atmosphere.
28. People ... think about their future.
29. I ... to read the text «Carbon Dioxide Emission».
30. You … know the words to understand the text.
31. The conference ... to be held in Japan.
IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательными в нужной форме. 32. Of these three gases carbon dioxide is ... .
33. At present the air and water pollution is ... than it was some years ago.
34. Water pollution has become a ... problem for many British rivers.
X. Переведите текст (письменно). Chemistry is the science of substances – of their structure, their properties and their reactions that change them into other substances. This is a very large field of study because the number of different kinds of substances is very great, and each kind has its own characteristic qualities. Chemistry occupies the central position among the basic sciences. It is closely connected with physics and biology. It plays an important part in the development of geology and physiology, and enters every industry as well as medicine and agriculture. The early chemists studied two types of matter: inorganic and organic. But the materials which are provided by nature cannot satisfy modern science and technology now and man is turning more and more to the help of chemistry. Контрольная работа № 1 по английскому языку для студентов заочного отделения, обучающихся по всем техническим направлениям и специальностям I cеместр |
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