Учебное пособие по английскому языку для студентов экономических специальностей факультета заочного обучения
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control управление;регулирование;контроль community жители одного района, община household семья, домашнее хозяйство economy 1) экономика 2) экономия УПРАЖНЕНИЯ I. Найдите в правой колонке русские соответствия следующих слов : world economy общество to mean ресурс to work товары goods означать resource мировая экономика country работать community страна II. a) Переведите текст на русский язык, обращая внимание на настоящее продолженное время. Record industry against individual piracy The US recording industry is struggling against declining music sales. So they are considering legal action against individuals who are copying music from their computers. At the same time the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) is campaigning for the Department of Justice to take measures against those who offer large amounts of music on popular networks such as Morpheus. b) Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме настоящего продолженного времени. Поставьте предложение в отрицательную и вопросительную форму. 1. He (think). 2. They (visit) customers. 3. We (eat) our lunch. 4. Luisa (greet) a visitor. 5. Mary (take) shorthand. 6. You (have) lunch. 7. You (write) a letter. 8. Sheila (interview) someone. 9. I (speak) on the phone. 10. Helen (sit) in her office. 11. The salesman (sell) stationery. 12. He (read) a report. 13. I (put) these books on the table. 14. She (get) on the bus. III. Раскройте скобки, употребив глагол в форме настоящего продолженного времени. 1. I (to begin) a course in computer programming in a month (через месяц). 2. I (to go) to the sea in July. 3. Our students (to have) a lecture in economics by a visiting professor from England today after classes. 4. This student (to work) at his course paper (курсовая работа) next week. 5. We (not to read) for the exam this week, we (to work) at the course paper. ТЕКСТ 5 Economic man There is an assumption in economic theory that individuals act rationally when they determine their objectives and then take decisions according to their objectives. Thus, the businessman will set a goal of profit maximization and will adjust his output and price to achieve his goal. The consumer will try to maximize his utility or satisfaction and will determine his purchases in the light of his tastes for products and the relative prices of those products. Do you know these words? to determine определять to take a decision принимать решение profit доход output объем производства purchase покупка УПРАЖНЕНИЯ I. Найдите в правой колонке русские соответствия следующих слов : assumption удовлетворение utility цель goal предположение to achive полезность satisfaction достигать II. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. They will keep the tickets until your journey is completed. 2. She will go to the Baker Street station. 3. He will not go to the Baker Street station. 4. He will change trains at Piccadilly. 5. He will go to Piccadilly Circus. 6. He will return to the hotel later. III. Раскрыв скобки, употребите глаголы в форме будущего простого времени. 1. I don't think this plant (to produce) good radios. 2. They think the new car (to be) very good. 3. If you speak English, you (to get) a better job. 4. When they introduce the new method, productivity (to rise). 5. If the company raises labour efficiency, it (to become) more profitable. 6. You (to like) Professor Smith's lectures in economics. IV. Поставьте предложения из предыдущего упражнения в отрицательную и вопросительную форму. V. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых используется Future Simple. VI. Задайте 4 вопроса к тексту и ответьте на них. ТЕКСТ 6 Economic Development Economic progress in Sweden was rapid for most of the postwar period. The average annual increase in GDP (Grass Domestic Product) was 3.4% in 1950s and 4.6% in the 1960s. This strong growth was due to export successes. In the 1970s the average growth rate slowed down to 2.1%. In the last decade economic development improved and Swedish industry began to recover from a recession. Analysts tried to predict the economic development for the period between 1986 and 1995. They expected Sweden’s annual growth rate of GNP about 2.3%. Do you know these words? to be due to объясняться rapid быстрый recession рецессия, спад increase увеличивать GDP внутренний валовой продукт average средний УПРАЖНЕНИЯ I. Найдите в правой колонке русские соответствия следующих слов : growth успех success развитие to slow down предсказывать, прогнозировать decade рост development десятилетие to predict замедляться II. Поставьте глаголы в форму Past Simple. Поставьте предложения в утвердительную и вопросительную форму. 1. Не (wake up) at 11 o'clock. 2. Then he (hear) the church bell 3. One morning Fred McLean's alarm clock (not go off). 4. It (be) Sunday. 5. He (see) a taxi, but there (be) someone in it. 6. He (knock) on the door, but no-one (be) there. 7. He (go) to the bus stop and (wait) for a bus but the bus (not come). 8. He (put on) his clothes and (run) out of the house. 9. So he (run) to work. III. Раскрыв скобки, употребите глагол в форме прошедшего простого времени. 1. She (not/to be) at work last week. Her children (to be) ill. 2. The economist (not/to be) in his Moscow office yesterday. 3. The economist's prediction (to be) correct. 4. We (not/ to be) University students last year. 5. It (to be) difficult for me to learn English at school. 6. The data (not/ to be) correct enough. 7. The prices for the services (not/ to be) high at that time. 8. There (not/ to be) many plants in the area. 9. The prices for agricultural products (to be) low. IV. Создайте предложения, используя формы Past Simple. Подчеркните обстоятельства времени. 1. It is Friday. I (want) the stationery last Friday. 2. It is 1981. Peter (work) for BOS in 1979. 3. It is May. He (stop) work in January. 4. It is 10.05. I (answer) the telex at 10.00. 5. It is Monday. They (travel) to Scotland last Monday. 6. It is 11 o'clock. Simon (open) the mail at 10 o'clock. 7. It is November. Mr Passas (visit) BOS in October. 8. It is Thursday. Simon (post) the letter on Tuesday. V. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых используется Past Simple, укажите в них подлежащее и сказуемое. VI. Задайте 4 вопроса к тексту и ответьте на них. ТЕКСТ 7 Markets Markets are usually judged in terms of their economic growth, that is, how well they have contributed to the achievement of economic efficiency. Market performance is determined fundamentally by the interaction of market structure and conduct. There are some parameters which have a strategic influence on market performance: market conduct, market structure, public policy. These parameters can be used by public policy-makers to improve market performance. Do you know these words? to contribute вкладывать, делать вклад efficiency эффективность market performance деятельность рынка conduct поведение policy-makers специалисты в области политики to improve улучшать УПРАЖНЕНИЯ I. Найдите в правой колонке русские соответствия следующих слов : achievement политика to determine определять interaction влияние influence достижение policy использовать to use взаимосвязь II. Вставьте наречия времени: just, already, never, yet, recently, lately. 1. The role of the service sector has increased .... 2. Most manufacturing industries have ... used intensive technologies for processing resources. 3. Economists have not given a full definition of economics. 4. Economists have ... developed three main approaches to economics. 5. - Have you got enough actual data to make a model... ? — Yes. I have ... finished it. 6. Economists have ... included services that are provided by doctors and teachers in the primary sector. 7. Economics has ... used models successfully to analyze some difficult economic problems. 8. — Has the economist made a proper decision ... ? — No, he hasn't made it.... 9. Microeconomics has... studied the problems of the whole country's economy. III. Найдите глаголы в форме страдательного залога и переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. The famous London black cabs can be hailed in the street. 2. Some cabs are now painted different colours. 3. They are bound by the same strict regulations. 4. They are available for hire if the yellow light above the wind screen is lit. 5. For longer journeys the price is usually negotiated. 6. The minimum payable charge is shown on the meter when you hire the cab. 7. Mini-cabs cannot be hailed in the street. 8. Mini-cabs are not licensed. 9. They are usually ordered by telephone. IV. Раскрыв скобки, употребите глагол в форме страдательного залога настоящего простого времени. 1. The goods (to sell) at a high price. 2. English (to teach) at schools and universities. 3. The method (to use) in processing milk. 4. Goods for consumers (to provide) by industry and agriculture. 5. Workers (to employ) by firms. 6. Medicine (not/ to study) by school students but economics (to study) at school. 7. I (to ask) to help my grandmother work in the garden. 8. I (not/ to teach) music at the University. V. Найдите в тексте предложения, в которых используется страдательный залог, укажите в них подлежащее и сказуемое. VI. Найдите в тексте все наречия. VII. Выпишите из текста все существительные во множественном числе. ТЕКСТ 8 Common Market In 1992 the European Common Market has 43 years of history behind it. The organization established by six countries (France, Spain, Holland, West Germany, Belgium and Italy) has grown to 12 member states. Few more countries want to join the Common Market. It is a fact of modern life that some trade, economic, social, technological projects can not be possible without international cooperation. In the EC countries there are no trade barriers. The capitals and goods flow freely. Besides their national currencies the member states have the common currency called ECU (European Common Unit). Do you know these words? active market активный рынок capital капитал to capture the market захватить рынок the Common Market Общий рынок trade торговля currency валюта УПРАЖНЕНИЯ I. Найдите в правой колонке русские соответствия следующих слов : history свободно to establish расти to grow история possible основывать freely называть to call возможный II. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на причастие II. 1.The price offered by the seller is too high. 2. It is a low-tech product made in Switzerland. 3. We speak about the dynamic Asian economy based on manufacturing. 4. Sales increased by 13% are the result of the company’s new programme. 5. Today Britain has a mixed economy. 6. In the public sector of British economic life there are the nationalized industries such as coal and steel. III. В первом абзаце текста найдите сказуемое и объясните, какое время было использовано. IV. Составьте план пересказа текста. Перескажите текст по-русски. ТЕКСТ 9 Allocation of products and resources The pure market economy allocates products and resources without any government control. As to the command economy, practically speaking, it allows the government to act as a dictator. Fortunately a community or a country does not have to make a complete choice between the two extremes: the market economy and the command economy. Instead it can compromise and have a mixed economy. In a mixed economy three quarters of production is carried out by the private sector through the market, though subject to varying degrees of government control. For the other quarter the government is directly responsible through the public sector. Thus the government influences the allocation of the goods and services produced. Even in the USA, a stronghold of free enterprise, it has been found necessary to control or regulate national income conditions. As to Britain, today it has a mixed economy. In the public sector of British economic life are the nationalized industries like coal and steel, British Rail and BOAC. In the private sector are the majority of the nation`s industries, both large and small, from giants like ICI and BP to small family businesses. Do you know these words? subject to подверженный to allocate размещать allocation размещение to have to должен, вынужден to carry out осуществлять through через, посредством to influence влиять extreme крайность УПРАЖНЕНИЯ I. Найдите в правой колонке русские соответствия следующих слов : pure отрасль промышленности to allow необходимый to act ответственный degree чистый responsible позволять necessary большинство industry действовать majority степень II. Переведите предложения, содержащие причастие I. Обратите внимание на принципы перевода причастия I. 1. The company’s declining popularity in Japan is the most important problem in the coming years. 2. The market share of Toyota is 42.8 per cent, excluding mini-vehicles. 3. They are speaking about increasing prices. 4. There are many companies working in the same industry and geographical area. 5. Employees of high skill migrate between businesses, seeking the best opportunity. 6. They can move out, relocating to a region where competition is less severe. 7. The increasing world demand is an important factor. III. Раскройте скобки, употребив глаголы в Present Simple. 1. Economists (to study) situations from real life by means of economic models. 2. Economists (to be) interested in relationship between prices for goods and buyers' behaviour. 3. The buyer (to choose) goods for which he (to have) enough money. 4. He (not/to follow) our recommendations. 5. The manager (to make) decisions only after careful analysis of all the data. 6. She always (to buy) a lot of clothes. 7. The data (not/ to be) necessary now. K. The prices for fuel (to be) very high. 8. A consumer (to be) a person who (to buy) goods and services. 9. There (to be) several mining areas in this country. IV. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Укажите, в каком времени использованы глаголы. 1. Are you on business in London? 2. How long have you been in London? 3. I was in London in 1996. 4. We have just had lunch. 5. They are still having lunch. 6. We had lunch at 8 o'clock. 7. He works as a manager. 8. He is working at this company. 9. He worked at this company from 1990 to 1995. 10. He speaks French fluently. 11. He is speaking English now. 12. He spoke a lot at the conference. V. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на временные формы глагола. 1. The dollar rose where a fall had been forecast. 2. The figures added to the evidence that the American economy has resumed stronger growth. 3. The US deceleration is coming to an end. 4. The dollar was boosted by US construction spending for November. 5. With trading thin it sent sterling about a pfennig high. 6. It gained on strong consumer credit data and rising oil prices. VI. Найдите в тексте предложения в Present Simple. Задайте к ним вопросы. |
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