Учебник в двух частях Часть 2 2-е издание, исправленное и дополненное Допущено Министерством образования и науки РФ в качестве учебника для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся по нелингвистическим специальностям Издательство «мгимо-университет»
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Special difficultiesmeal – dish – food – plate a piece – a sheet – a slice – a bar – a cake – a lump – a bit | ||||
Prepositionsat school / at work – в школе / на работе in front of the television – перед телевизором at about/around 11 o’clock – примерно в/около 11 часов to finish with – закончить(ся) чем-либо | ||||
to boil – кипятить: boiled water; boiled meat – отварное мясоto bake – печь, выпекать (в духовке): a baked pie / apple to fry – жарить в масле: fried fish to grill – жарить на рашпере to roast – жарить, запекать: roast beef | to stew – тушить (овощи, мясо); Irish stew – ирландское рагу (из баранины, тушенной с луком и картофелем; заправляется мукой to barbecue ['bQ:bIkju:] – жарить на вертеле (целиком или ломтиками) |
Food and drink
| beef – говядина beefsteak ['bi:fsteIk] – бифштекс/ well-done ~ – хорошо прожарен-ный ~; medium ['mi:djRm] ~ – среднепрожаренный ~; rare [rER] ~ – ~ с кровью roast beef ['roustbi:f] – ростбиф veal – телятина pork – свинина lamb [lWm] – мясо ягненка mutton – баранина fish and chips – жареная рыба с жареной картошкой cod – треска crisps (Brit.) / chips (Am.) – хрустящий картофель, чипсы / chips (Brit.) – жареный картофель french fries – картофель-фри pea – горошина; peas – горошек | carrot – морковка; carrots – морковь (мн.) cabbage ['kWbIdG] – кочан капус-ты; cabbages – капуста (мн.) onion ['AnjRn] – луковица; onions – лук (мн.) cereal – изделия (в т.ч. полу-фабрикаты) из дробленого зерна cornflakes – кукурузные хлопья pudding ['pudIN] – пудинг Yorkshire ['jO:kSIR] pudding – йоркширкский пудинг sweet (Brit.) / candy (Am.) – конфета, леденец horseradish – хрен sauce [sO:s] – соус grapes – виноград biscuit ['bIskIt] – сухое печенье, галета |
| beverage ['bevIrIdG] – питье, напиток beer [bIR] – пиво lager ['lQ:gR] – лагер (вид светлого пива с газом) ale – светлое пиво (без газа) porter – крепкое темное пиво bitter – биттер, горькое пиво (из бочки) | spirits – крепкие алкогольные напитки whisky ['wIskI] – виски soft drinks – безалкогольные напитки cider ['saIdR] – сидр, яблочное вино juice [dGu:s] – сок |
Kitchen utensils [ju:'tens(I)lz]
| cooker (electric, gas) – плита (электрическая, газовая) oven ['AvRn] – духовка microwave ['maIkrouweIv] – микроволновая печь refrigerator [rI'frIdGIreItR], fridge [frIdG] – холодильник freezer – морозильник dishwasher ['dISwOSR] – посудомо-ечная машина | toaster – тостер kettle – чайник (для кипячения воды); whistling ['wIslIN] kettle – чайник со свистком teapot – заварочный чайник coffeepot – кофейник mixer – миксер pan – кастрюля; pot – большая кастрюля frying pan – сковорода |
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COMPREHENSION EXERCISES
24. Paraphrase, explain or translate:
1. paraphrase: …it offers a wide choice of food and drink.
2. explain: Breakfast is usually a packeted ‘cereal’…
3. translate: Some people like to ‘go to work on an egg’…
4. paraphrase: Eggs are a basic part of most people’s diet.
5. translate: They are either fried, soft-boiled and eaten out of an ‘egg-
cup’ or hard-boiled.
6. paraphrase: Whatever they eat, most people drink tea or coffee.
7. paraphrase: In fact, people drink tea or coffee whenever they feel like
it.
8. paraphrase: … the lunch break is an hour at most…
9. translate: Sandwiches make a quick lunch, and are easy to take to
work or school.
10. translate: Schools, colleges, companies, etc. usually have a self-
service restaurant called a cafeteria where you buy your own
food and take it back to your table.
11. translate: A traditional British dinner is meat and two vegetables.
12. paraphrase: . It is common in most households to finish a meal with a
sweet dish (often called ‘dessert’ or ‘sweet’)…
13. paraphrase: The British are the world’s biggest consumers of sugar.
14. translate: It is present in almost every tinned food item and they also
love ‘sweets’…
15. translate: Beef is eaten with hot white horseradish sauce … and
lamb with green mint sauce …
16. paraphrase: The best place to go is usually a pub …
17. translate: … many pubs have a notice outside saying: ‘home cooked
food’.
17. translate: One of the best-known pub meals is the ploughman’s
lunch…
18. paraphrase: One is used during the day, most typically by manual
workers…
19. translate: But it is also used by anybody else who wants a filling
meal …
20. explain: The other type is the fish-and-chip shop, used in the evening
for ‘take-away’ meals.
21. paraphrase: An evening meal in a restaurant usually has three
courses.
22. translate: The first course is quite a small one called a starter.
23. translate: With beef you are asked how you would like it cooked:
well-done, medium or rare.
25. Answer the teacher’s questions.
HOME ACTIVITIES
26. Paraphrase the sentences using the Passive Voice. Write two passive constructions where possible.
1. Someone told us a very funny story yesterday. 2. The people gave him a hearty welcome. 3 They have offered my brother a very good job. 4. The house agent showed us a very nice flat. 5. The secretary didn’t tell me the exact time of my appointment. 6. They have never taught that rude boy good manners. 7. The teacher hasn’t asked Peter any questions at this lesson. 8. They never tell me the family news. 9 The examiners didn’t give him enough time to answer all the questions. 10. The guide will show the tourists most of the sights of London.
27. Open the brackets using the correct tense forms of the verbs in the Passive Voice.
I’ll never forget my first day at that office. I _______________(1 – to tell) to arrive at 8.30, but when I got there the whole place seemed to be empty. I didn’t know what to do, because I _____________(2 – to give) no information about the building or where I was going to work, so I just waited around until some of the secretaries began to turn up. Finally I ____________(3 – to send) to a dirty little office on the fifth floor, where I _____________(4 – to show) a desk in a corner. Nothing happened for an hour; then I ___________(5 – to give) some letters to type on a computer by one of the senior secretaries. This wasn’t very successful, because I___________(6 – not/to teach) how to use a computer. (My employers ____________________________ (7 – obviously / to forget) about the promised computer training programme.) By lunchtime things hadn’t got any better, and I decided that I ____________ (7 – not / to pay) enough to put up with the nonsense, so I walked out and didn’t go back.
28. a) Complete the sentences with the words and expressions from the box. Learn the new words from the box.
| cook snacks sour truth dishes turkey make up | imaginable apple pie atmosphere restaurants refrigerator their mind in front of | surprises cooking wherever dinner-table swimming pool to recognize night out | night out waitress to support potatoes cooking look down fruit plate |
What is American food? The fact is, that Americans eat every kind of food __________________(1): hamburgers and hot dogs, fried chicken and steaks, spaghetti and pizza, sweet and ___________ (2) pork. There are more than 1,000 Chinese _______________(3) in New York alone. At the same time Americans like the idea of the American family sitting around the table eating __________(4) at Thanksgiving. They like to think of “Mom” as the best ___________ (5) in the world, even if their own mother never did much _______________(6). “As American as ________________,” (7) and “Like Mother makes it” are popular expressions. The ________ (8) is, though, that families in the USA eat together less often than they used to. Instead of meeting at the ________________, (9) families often meet in the kitchen, around the ____________________(10).There is no time for old-fashioned ______________(11). Quick ___________ (12) all though the day have taken its place. And to save trouble, people eat ____________ __________ (13) they like, in the street, _________________ (14) the TV, or at their desks.
B. For a small town in the middle of America, Manhattan, Kansas has some big ____________ (15). And one of them is the Holiday Inn hotel, with rooms built around a _______________________(16) and a friendly family ______________ (17).The Holiday Inn hotel is where Manhattan people often go for a special party, or a _______________ (18) Many of them will be served by Ellen Logan, who has worked as a _____________ (19) here for more than two years. Like most of the waitresses, she is also a student. In order ____________ (20) herself at college, she works twenty hours a week at the Holiday Inn hotel. Ellen says that you don’t have to know much about food to be a good waitress, but you have to know a lot about people.
“A lot of businesspeople always stay here when they come to Manhattan,” she explains. They like you ______________(21) them and remember their favorite ______________ (22). But some couples come for a ______________ (23) together. They just want to be left alone. Then there are people who cannot______ _____________. (24) They _____________(25) the menu and say “what do you suggest?’’ So I ask them how hungry they are. If they say ‘not very’ I suggest the salad bar, with soup, salad, bread and _________________ (26) But if they say they are very hungry, I suggest a Kansas Strip Steak, with ___________ (27) or rice.”
b) Write 5 questions to the text.
c) Get ready to speak about American food.
29. Get ready to retell Text 1.
| | Step II | |
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES (3)
30. Discuss the problems raised in exercise 28.
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GRAMMAR EXERCISES
31. a) Read the following text and retell it in the Passive Voice.
Last month Samuel Block opened a restaurant in the center of Macclesfield. He had planned it for over five years but he only completed it after local businessmen raised a large sum of money. A top hotelier [hou'telIR] has trained the waiters and they will wear specially designed uniforms to fit in with the restaurant’s modern look. They have brought in a famous chef [Sef] from France and they are going to give him complete control over the daily menu.
b) Say a few sentences about a similar project, which is being (or was) carried out in your city/town.
32. Complete the sentences using the correct form of the words in brackets.
Julie was walking along the edge of the fountain outside her office building. She was with her friend Paul. Suddenly she lost her balance and accidentally fell in.
1. Julie was really ______________ (embarrass). 2. Falling into the fountain was really ______________ (embarrass). 3. Her friend Paul was __________ (shock). 4. It was a __________ (shock) sight. 5. The people around the office were very much ______________ (surprise) when they saw Julie in the fountain. 6. It was a ______________ (surprise) sight. 7. The next day Julie was ____________ (depress) because she thought she had made a fool of herself. 8. When she fell into the fountain, some people laughed at her. It was a _____________ (depress) experience.
The following verbs take two objects in the Active Voice but form only one Passive construction with the Direct Object!
| Следующие глаголы | ||||
| write read buy sell | sing explain describe dictate | suggest introduce present point out | recommend mention announce repeat | declare deliver say prove |
| образуют страдательный залог по одной модели: Mrs. Kenilworth described the robber to the police officer. Model: The robber was described to the police officer. | ||||
A passer-by explained to Alice how to get to the hotel. Model: It was explained to Alice how to get to the hotel. | ||||
A. to write, to read, to buy, to sell, to sing
33. Paraphrase using the Passive Voice.
Model: T – Sonya bought me an umbrella.
St – An umbrella was bought for me.
B. to explain, to describe, to dictate, to repeat, to prove, to say, to suggest, to introduce, to declare, to deliver, to present,
to point out, to recommend, to mention, to announce
34. a) Paraphrase using the Passive Voice.
Model 1: T – The teacher repeated the grammar rule to the students.
St – The new grammar rule was repeated to the students.
Model 2: T – They explained to her how to get there.
St – It was explained to her how to get there.
35. Translate into English.
| VOCABULARY EXERCISES |
36. Paraphrase as in the models:
Model 1: T – Frank doesn’t like coffee. His wife doesn’t like it either.
St – Neither Frank nor his wife likes coffee.
Model 2: T – George doesn’t drive a car. His sons don’t drive a car
either.
St – Neither George nor his sons drive a car.
Model 3: T – Ted is going to the Caucasus in July. His friends are
going there as well.
St – Both Ted and his friends are going to the Caucasus in
July.
37. Answer as in the model.
Model: T – Are you doing anything special tonight?
St – No, nothing special. I think I will either go to a pub or
stay at home and watch TV.
38. Translate into English. (to accompany, manual)
39. Answer the teacher’s questions. (first)
HOME ACTIVITIES
40. a) Complete the sentences with the words and expressions from the box. Learn the words and expressions from the box.
a sweet tooth – сладкоежка
| poured trikes baked a snack | dessert on top ice-cream vans | the ice-cream van boiled or steamed a baker’s shop the sherry trifle | hot apple pie a newsagent’s shop vegetable oils rice puddings |
A Sweet Tooth
Cakes, chocolate, ice-cream… the British love them all. A meal is not a meal without some kind of ____________(1) and sweet things are very popular as ________ (2) too. Every shopping street has _______________(3) selling bread and cakes, and _________________(4) selling chocolate and ice-cream as well as newspapers. ___________ (5) is eaten as a snack, a dessert, or with another dessert, like a piece of__________________ (6). Traditionally it is made from milk, fat, sugar and things like fruit, nuts or mint, but today _______________ (7) are often used instead of milk.
In the 1920s ice-cream was sold from three-wheeled bicycles called __________(8) trikes, ridden by the ice-cream seller who shouted ‘Stop me and buy one!’ Then _________ (9) were used – they drove around the streets playing music so people would run out and buy some ice-cream. Children still go running for money when they hear the music played by ________________ (10) on a hot summer day.
There are three main kinds of cooked desserts: _____________ (11) puddings (cooked in the oven), ___________________ (12) puddings (cooked over boiling water, for example Christmas pudding), and milk and cream puddings, for example __________________(13).
One of the most famous British desserts is _________________ (14), served cold and usually made in a big glass bowl. On the bottom is some fruit, then some cake with sherry ___________ over (15). Then there is some red jelly, then cream, and finally nuts ________________(16).
b) Write 5 questions to the text.
c) Get ready to discuss the text in class.
41. Translate into English.
1. На текстильной фабрике в Павловском Посаде (Pavlov Possad) в некоторых цехах (workshops) применяется ручной труд. Хотя в последние годы были внедрены новые технологии, знаменитые платки (shawls) расписываются вручную. 2. Ни Ольга, ни ее муж не испытывают желания провести отпуск в традиционных местах для отдыха. Две недели назад им предложили приобрести тур “все включено” и отправиться на север Норвегии. В турагентстве Ольге объяснили, что их доставят в город Тромсё (TromsØ) на самолете, а потом они совершат круиз на пароходе за Полярным кругом. В ходе круиза туристов будет сопровождать экскурсовод (tour-guide). Одним из самых интересных пунктов программы будет посещение острова Соммарёй (SommarØy). Это остров, с населением в 320 человек, является одним из центров рыбоперерабатывающей промышленности (fishing industry) Норвегии. Здесь, на одном из трех рыбоперерабатывающих заводов (fish plant) туристам будет предложен обед из четырех блюд, включающий в себя такие экзотические блюда как яйца чаек (seagull) и т.п.
42. Listen to Text 2. Read it after the speaker and get ready to answer the questions (exercise 49).
CLASSROOM ACTIVITIES
| VOCABULARY EXERCISES |
43. Write a translation dictation.
44. Discuss the text Sweet Tooth (exercise 40).
45. Ask and answer as in the model. Add sentences of your own to develop the situation.
Model: St 1 – Do you feel like going for a walk?
Yes, rather. It’s a fine day today.
St 2 –
No, not really. I’m too tired to go out.
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to have a cup of tea or coffee
to go out for a stroll
to go to the theatre
to go to the country
to watch TV
to eat out
to have a dance
to have a snack
46. Translate into English. (course, item, household)
| Предлоги в страдательном залоге
The book was written by Charles Dickens.
Roast beef is eaten with a knife and a fork.
in pencil/in ink – карандашом/ручкой (чернилами) by hand – от руки, вручную by post/airmail/email – почтой/авиапочтой/по электронной почте |
47. Choose the correct preposition (by / with) and state the agent (the doer of the action) or the instrument of the action.
1. This suit was designed ____ Armani. 2. This cake is filled ____ fresh cream. 3. Who was Australia discovered ____ ? 4. The baby was covered ____ a blanket. 5. “Carmen” was composed____ Bizet. 5. The coat was lined ____ fur. 6. The food will be provided ____ caterers. 7. The stew was flavoured ____ garlic. 8. Why were your exercises written _____ pencil? You should always write them _____ ink. 9. The roast was flavoured ____ wine. 10. He was struck on his head ___ a stranger ____ a heavy stick. 11. Who was the radio invented ____ ? 12. Soup is eaten ____ a spoon. 13. Where can I buy some souvenirs made ______ hand? 14. The car was fixed ___ a mechanic. 15. The glass was cut ___ a special tool. 16. If you want them to receive your letter in time, send it ____ airmail.
48. Say how different things (and liquids) are bought and sold in Britain.
Model: – Beer is sold by the pint.
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milk
petrol
potatoes
eggs
pine-apples
oranges
bread
beef
litre
pint
gallon
dozen
pound
piece
kilo
| TEXT 2 |
Crosscultural Notes:
1. Harrow ['hWrou] School – Харроу/Хэрроу, одна из девяти самых престижных мужских привилегированных частных школ, основана в 1571 году; учащимися Хэрроу являются, в основном, дети аристократов, крупных бизнесменов и высших чиновников.
2. Christ [kraIst] Church – Крайст-Черч, один из самых крупных аристократических колледжей Оксфордского университета; основан в 1525 году.
3. classicist ['klWsIsIst] – сторонник классицизма – стиля и направления в литературе и искусстве XVII-XVIII веков; сторонники классицизма рассматривали античное наследие как норму и идеальный образец.
4. transcendentalist – [LtrWnsRn'dentRlIst] – сторонник трансцендентализма – американского философско-литературного движения 1830-60-х годов (Н. Готорн, Г. Торо, Р.У. Эмерсон); основные идеи трансценденталистов – духовное самоусовершенствование, близость к природе, очищающая человека от “вульгарно-материальных интересов”.
5. Paganini [LpWgR'ni:ni:] – Николо Паганини (1782-1840), выдающийся итальянский скрипач-виртуоз и композитор.
6. Lady Lapith ['lWpIY] – леди Лапит. Леди – 1. принятая форма титулования маркизы, графини, виконтессы и баронессы: the Marchioness of Greystone = Lady Greystone; 2. традиционный титул жены баронета или рыцаря, употребляющийся с фамилией мужа: Lady Anderson; 3. “титул учтивости” дочерей герцогов, маркизов, и графов; употребляется с именем и фамилией своей или мужа или только с именем: Lady Mary Smith 4. (во мн. числе) форма обращения к женщинам: Ladies and gentlemen! – Дамы и господа! / (в ед. числе) синоним слова “женщина” (уважит.): e.g. There is a lady to see you, Mr. Smith.
7. Lord Timpany ['tImpRnI] – лорд Тимпани. Лорд – 1. лорд, пэр, член Палаты лордов – титулование пожизненного пэра (life peer), употребляется с наименованием титула, часто совпадающего с фамилией; 2. принятая неофициальная форма титулования маркизов, графов, виконтов и баронов: Lord Greystone; 3. “титул учтивости” сыновей пэров, употребляется с именем и фамилией или только с именем: Lord Peter Wimsey, Lord Peter.
8. Alas! [R'lWs] – Увы! (восклицание, выражающее сожаление и печаль)
9. season – (лондонский) сезон, светский сезон (май – август); включает посещение скачек, проведение балов и т.п.
10. Crome Yellow – Желтый Кром – название загородного имения, где происходят события одноименного романа О. Хаксли
10. Aldous Huxley ['O:ldRs'hAkslI] – Олдос Хаксли (1894-1963), английский писатель, автор романов “Прекрасный новый мир” (также известен как “О дивный новый мир” (Brave New World), “Контрапункт” (Point Counter Point), “Желтый Кром” (Crome Yellow) и др. Предлагаемый ниже отрывок взят из романа “Желтый Кром”.
Phonetic Notes:
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