Учебник в двух частях Часть 2 2-е издание, исправленное и дополненное Допущено Министерством образования и науки РФ в качестве учебника для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся по нелингвистическим специальностям Издательство «мгимо-университет»

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Название	Учебник в двух частях Часть 2 2-е издание, исправленное и дополненное Допущено Министерством образования и науки РФ в качестве учебника для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся по нелингвистическим специальностям Издательство «мгимо-университет»
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Тип	Учебник

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Two Passive Constructions with verbs which take

Two Objects: Direct and Indirect

(to give, to send, to tell, to show, to pay, to promise, to offer)

С глаголами give, send, tell, show, pay, promise, offer, имеющими прямое и косвенное дополнения, страдательный залог употребляется по двум моделям:

Janet promised me help and support.

Model 1: I was promised help and support.

Model 2: Help and support were promised to me.

20. Paraphrase the sentences as in the model, using two passive constructions.

Model: T – They gave him an apple.

St 1 – He was given an apple.

St 2 – An apple was given to him.
21. Ask questions in the Passive Voice about the two underlined objects given in italics.

1. We promised them a delicious dinner. 2. He offered me a cup of coffee. 3. They gave us all the necessary information. 4. The company sent us a bill. 5. She gives us a class every day. 6. The company offered him a free trip to Edinburgh. 7. The officer gave everybody the instructions. 8. The baby-sitter told the child a beautiful fairy-tale.
22. Translate into English using the Passive Voice.
23. Paraphrase as in the model.

Model: T – Indian art interests me.

St – I’m interested in Indian art. Indian art is interesting.

Text 1. Food and drink in Britain

Crosscultural Notes:

1. the West Indies – острова в южной части североамериканского континента (Багамские, Антильские и т. п.)
2. pudding ['pudIN] – 1) пудинг (печеный или вареный; традиционное английское сладкое мучное блюдо с фруктами и пряностями на лярде, яйцах и молоке); 2) любое сладкое блюдо (например, фруктовый пирог, крем, желе и т.п.); 3) густая каша (например, рисовая молочная каша, которая часто подается с орехами и вареньем)
3. dessert [dI'zR:t] (pudding, sweet) – сладкое блюдо, которым завершается обед или ужин; в зависимости от классовой принадлежности англичане называют его «пудинг» (аристократия и верхушка среднего класса), «десерт» (средний класс) или «сладкое» (рабочий класс).
4. starter – первое блюдо во время обеда или ужина (может быть закуска или суп)
5. marmalade ['mQ:mRleId] – апельсиновый или лимонный джем, конфитюр (часто с цедрой; подается к утреннему завтраку). [Обратите внимание на то, что слово “jam” переводится на русский язык как «варенье»!]
6. ploughman ['plaumRn] – пахарь; ploughman’s lunch – «завтрак пахаря» (хлеб с сыром; дежурное блюдо в пабе)
Phonetic Notes:

cereal ['sIRrIRl] diet ['daIRt]

cafeteria [LkWfI'tIRrIR] dessert [dI'zR:t]

item ['aItRm] oven [Avn]

horseradish ['hO:sLrWdIS] sauce [sO:s]

lamb [lWm] tomato [tR'mQ:tou]

restaurant ['restRrO:N / 'rest(R)rRnt] vegetarian [LvedGI'tERrIRn]

medium ['mi:djRm] biscuit ['bIskIt]

atmosphere ['WtmRsfIR]

* * *

Although Britain is quite a small country, it offers a wide choice of food and drink. You can find traditional food like roast beef or fish and chips as well as Italian, Mexican and West Indian food, and drink beers and wines from many different countries.

Where do people eat their food when they are at home? Breakfast is usually a quick meal, eaten in the kitchen. Lunch is often eaten at school or at work. Dinner may be eaten in the kitchen, the dining-room, or the living-room – often in front of the television.

Breakfast is usually a packeted ‘cereal’ (e.g. cornflakes) and/or toast with butter and marmalade. Some people like to ‘go to work on an egg’ – they eat an egg for breakfast before going to work. Eggs are a basic part of most people’s diet. They are either fried, soft-boiled and eaten out of an ‘egg-cup’ or hard-boiled. Whatever they eat, most people drink tea or coffee. At weekends many people have a more traditional, cooked breakfast.

At around eleven o’clock many people have ‘elevenses’ – a cup of tea or coffee and some biscuits. In fact, people drink tea or coffee whenever they feel like it.

Lunch is usually at one o’clock, but it is often a bit earlier for schoolchildren and those who start work at eight o’clock. In the middle of the day, people just want to eat up quickly and are not interested much in quality (the lunch break is an hour at most). Most people today have a small mid-day meal – usually sandwiches, and perhaps some crisps and some fruit. Sandwiches make a quick lunch, and are easy to take to work or school. Schools, colleges, companies, etc. usually have a self-service restaurant called a cafeteria where you buy your own food and take it back to your table.

At around four o’clock it is usual to have a cup of tea and a snack.

The evening meal is usually called ‘tea’ or ‘dinner’. A traditional British dinner is meat and two vegetables. The most popular meats are chicken, beef, pork and lamb. Vegetables grown in Britain, like potatoes, carrots, peas, cabbage and onions, are very popular, but today you can buy vegetables from many countries all through the year. It is common in most households to finish a meal with a sweet dish (often called ‘dessert’ or ‘sweet’) – something like fruit, pudding, chocolate cake, or apple pie. The British are the world’s biggest consumers of sugar. It is present in almost every tinned food item and they also love ‘sweets’ (which means both all kinds of chocolate and also what the Americans call ‘candy’.)

‘Supper’ is the usual word for the evening meal among most people who do not call it ‘tea’.

Sunday is a day when many families like to enjoy a big meal together. They usually have a big piece of meat which is roasted (cooked in the oven for about two hours) with potatoes. Beef is eaten with hot white horseradish sauce, pork with sweet apple sauce, and lamb with green mint sauce – perhaps made with mint grown in the garden.

Many people do not have time to cook traditional food, so they can buy food which is ready to eat or quick to make, but visitors to Britain often want to try ‘typical’ British food. The best place to go is usually a pub and many pubs have a notice outside saying: ‘home cooked food’. One of the best-known pub meals is the ploughman’s lunch – bread, cheese, tomatoes and some salad.

Going to a restaurant for a meal, instead of eating at home, is called ‘eating out’. Apart from pubs, there are two types of eating places which are used for more everyday purposes. One is used during the day, most typically by manual workers, and is therefore sometimes described as a ‘workman’s café’ (pronounced ‘caff’). But it is also used by anybody else who wants a filling meal and likes the informal atmosphere. It offers mostly fried food of the ‘English breakfast type’. The most common items are eggs, bacon, sausages, tomatoes, mushrooms, and even bread. It is not always accompanied by ‘chips’ (the normal British word for French fried potatoes). The British eat rather a lot of fried food. A ‘fry-up’ is a phrase used informally for several items fried together. The other type is the fish-and-chip shop, used in the evening for ‘take-away’ meals.

An evening meal in a restaurant usually has three courses. The first course is quite a small one called a starter. It may be something like a soup or salad or some sea-food. Next comes the main course, which is the biggest of the three. This is usually meat or fish with vegetables, or vegetarian food. If the main meal comes with potatoes you can choose which kind you would like. With beef, and sometimes fish, you are asked how you would like it cooked: well-done, medium or rare.

The last course is either something sweet – a dessert or a cheese plate, which is pieces of different cheeses with biscuits and grapes. The meal usually finishes with tea or coffee and perhaps a chocolate.

ACTIVE VOCABULARY 1
1. packet – пакет, связка: a packet of letters; пачка: e.g. a packet of cigarettes (syn. a pack of cigarettes) / package – тюк, большой сверток, упаковка (как предмет): e.g. She sent him a large package of books. / package tour – турпутевка с включенными услугами (“все включено”): e.g. It is cheaper when travelling abroad to go on a package tour in which your hotel and flight are arranged for you.
2. either … or… – или… или… : e.g. Where are you going for a holiday? – Either to the mountains or to the seaside, I haven’t decided yet. / neither… nor… – ни… ни… : e.g. Neither Jane nor her sister likes this film. [Обратите внимание на то, что глагол согласуется с предшествующим существительным!] / both … and… – и… и… : e.g. Both John and his friend have read this book. [Обратите внимание на то, что после both… and… глагол употребляется во множественном числе!]
3. feel like sth / doing sth – быть склонным, иметь/испытывать желание сделать что-либо: e.g. It’s a sunny day. Do you feel like going for a walk?
4. item ['aItem] – 1. пункт, параграф, статья; вопрос (в повестке дня): e.g. The main item on the programme is a visit to the local textile factory. 2. сообщение, новость; небольшая заметка в газете: a news item: e.g. There are several interesting news items in today’s newspaper.
5. manual ['mWnjuRl] – 1. (noun) руководство, инструкция: e.g. Before you try to use the camera, read the manual carefully. 2. (adjective) ручной; с ручным управлением, неавтоматический: e.g. The car comes with either an automatic or a manual gearbox ['gIRbOks] (коробка передач). / manual labour – ручной труд; manual control – ручное управление
6. to accompany [R'kAmpRnI] – сопровождать, сопутствовать: e.g. Who will accompany you on the journey? The professor accompanied his explanations with illustrations.
7. course – 1. курс, направление: e.g. The ship is on her right course. 2. ход, течение: e.g. It was a speech that changed the course of history. / in the course of… – в ходе, в процессе: e.g. In the course of a few years Lambert built up a highly successful export business. 3. курс (лекций, обучения, лечения): e.g. You can do a language course abroad. 4. блюдо: main course – основное блюдо обеда/ужина (“второе”): e.g. What’s for the main course today? / a three-course dinner – ужин из трех блюд: e.g. We had a three-course dinner: chicken soup, roast beef, and ice-cream.
8. household – 1. семья, домочадцы: e.g. The household were up early. 2. домашнее хозяйство (употребляется в качестве определения): e.g. This shop sells household goods.
9. pint [paInt] – пинта: e.g. (A note to the milkman) Two pints today, please. / to sell by the pint (by the dozen ['dAzn]) – продавать(ся) пинтами (дюжинами и т.п.): e.g. Bear is sold by the pint, eggs are sold by the dozen.
10. first – 1. (adj.) первый, основной: e.g. The first man I saw on arrival was our tour guide. / the first time – в первый раз: e.g. The first time I went on a plane I was really nervous. / the first thing to do – первое, что надо сделать; to travel first class – путешествовать первым классом; 2. (adv.) сначала (в первую очередь), впервые: Shall we go out now, or do you want to eat first? / перед глаголом: He first went to Italy when he was a student. / first of all – прежде всего: e.g. First of all I’d like to thank you for the lovely presents. / at first – сначала, поначалу (первое время): e.g. At first it was difficult for him to understand English speech, but then he got used to it. 3. firstly… secondly… – во-первых… во-вторых… (при объяснении причины совершения действия): e.g. I wanted to change schools, firstly because I didn’t like the teacher and secondly because it was too far away.

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Two Passive Constructions with verbs which take

Two Objects: Direct and Indirect

Crosscultural Notes:

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