Учебное пособие по грамматике английского языка для студентов 1-го курса во направлений: 08. 03. 01 «Строительство», 38. 03. 01 «Экономика», 15. 03. 05 «Конструкторско-технологическое обеспечение машинострои
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EducationEducation is very important in our life. An educated person is one who knows a lot about many things. He always tries to learn, find out, discover more about the world around him. He get knowledge at school, from books, magazines, from TV educational programs. The pupils can get deeper knowledge in different optional courses in different subjects and school offers these opportunities. They can deepen and improve their knowledge by attending different optional courses in different subjects. The result of the educative process is the capacity for Further education. Nowadays the students of secondary schools have opportunities to continue their education by entering, gymnasiums, lyceums, colleges. But the road to learning is not easy. There is no royal road to learning. To be successful in studies one must work heard. It's for you to decide to learn and make progress or not to learn lose your time. The role of foreign languages is also increasing today. Thanks to the knowledge of foreign languages one can read books, magazines in the original, talk to foreigners, translate various technical articles. Moreover, joint ventures which have recently appeared in our country need specialists with profound knowledge of foreign languages like English, German or French. To know foreign languages is absolute necessary for every educated person, for good specialists. Our country is transferring to a market economy. Research and innovations should improve living, working conditions of our people. That is why it is so important to be persistent in students. English is a world language. It is the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relations, commerce and business. It's the language of international aviation, shipping and sports. It's also the major language of diplomacy. Geographically it is the most widespread language on earth, second only to Chinese in the number of people who speak it hearing a foreign language is- not an easy thing. It's a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and practice. A foreign language is not just a subject learnt in the classrooms. It's something which is used in real life situations. There are many reasons why we begin to study foreign languages. First of all it's an effective medium of international communication. I'm convinced if we are working in any brunch of science we must read books and magazines in other languages. Learning foreign languages opens up opportunities and careers that didn't even exits some years ago. Knowing foreign languages can help us to find a job in such fields as science and technology, foreign trade and banking, international transportation communication, teaching librarian science and others. A more general aim is to make our intellectual and cultures. Learning a foreign language including learning also culture, traditions and mode of thought of different people. Of course speaking and writing in a foreign language is a difficult art and it has to be learned. Needless to say that English has become very popular today. About 350 million people speak English as its first language. About the same numbers use it as a second language. It's an official language in 44 countries. It's the dominant language of medicine, electronics and space technology, of international business and advertising, of radio. It has replaced French in the world of diplomacy and German in the field of science. As for me, I'm completely convinced that to know a foreign language is absolutely necessary for all educated person and modern specialists. Everything depends on our own efforts. The University I study atText. My UniversityAs for me, I study at the Oryol State University named after I. S. Turgenev Mtsensk Branch. Our university was given this name in 2016. At first it was called the Oryol State Technical University Mtsensk Branch. Not long ago it became the base university. The structure of our university includes different departments (full time and correspondence). Each department has a number of faculties. I study at the faculty of . . . . I’m a full time student. My university has several buildings, old and new ones. There are many various laboratories, a good library and a computer center in the main building. Words and phrases to remember: to study free of charge/on a commercial basis – бесплатно/платно to take exams – сдавать экзамены to get a grant – получать стипендию to obtain thorough information in – получать подробную информацию по to be enriched – быть обогащенным to be broadened – быть расширенным to be accessible – быть доступным to get advanced knowledge – получать углубленные знания to graduate – закончить вуз to continue research – продолжить исследование a full time/correspondence department – дневное/заочное a curriculum - расписание Answer the questions: 1. What is the aim of higher education in our country? 2. Is it accessible for all? 3. Do the students study all free of charge? 4. What can be said about the academic year? 5. What are the stages of education? 6. What university do you study at? 7. When was it given this name? 8. What was it called at first? 9. When did it become the base university? 10. What is the structure of our university? 11. What faculty do you study at? 13. Do you enjoy studying at this university? Ex. 1. Translate from Russian into English. 1. Сейчас есть институты, где все учатся на коммерческой основе. 2. Многие студенты не получают стипендию, так как они учатся плохо. 3. В конце каждого семестра мы сдаем экзамены. 4. На первом и втором курсах они получают подробные сведения из области фундаментальных наук. 5. Наша еда должна быть обогащена минералами. 6. Эта дорога должна быть расширена. 7. На старших курсах они получают углубленные знания по предметам. 8. После окончания института можно продолжить исследования. 9. Мой друг – студент заочного отделения. Ex. 2. Be ready to speak about our system of education and your university Higher Education. – Высшее образование 1. Прочитайте и переведите текст. Higher Education in Different Countries 1. Higher education is a period of specialized study to qualify the individual for professional activity, following the completion of secondary education (that is why it is sometimes called as ‘tertiary education’) and usually affording, at the end of a course of study, a named degree, diploma, or certificate of higher studies. The duration of the study may be from four to seven years or more, depending upon the specialization. 2. The institution providing higher education may be either an institute, college or university or a type of professional school, e.g. military, medical, police or law schools. The basic entrance requirement for most higher-educational institutions is the completion of secondary education, and the usual age of admission to university is 18. 3.The Russian legal education system is based on European undergraduate traditions. Students may enter law schools directly after leaving secondary school. There law students specialize in a certain field of law such as civil law, public international law, criminal law, administrative or financial law. 4.The prevalent method of tuition in Russian universities is a set of lectures and seminars. The academic year is divided into two terms. At the end of each term in January and June students pass oral examinations. They are also required to get “practical training” in courts, prosecutor or notary offices, state agencies and law firms. 5.In 2011 Russian law schools began providing two-stage education: students who study for 4 years will get a Bachelor’s Degree in law (LLB); those who are able to continue their education for two more years will get a Master’s Degree (LLМ). 6.The undergraduates reading law in the Institute participate in such instructional activities as seminars, lectures, moots, practical training and study the following subjects: History of Russia, Civil Law, Foreign Languages, Constitutional (State) Law, Criminal Law, International Law, Labour Law, etc. 7.British and American universities. In Britain, undergraduate degrees, also known as first degrees, take three years to complete, while master's degrees typically last for a single year, and doctoral degrees can be finished in three years. In the U.S., undergraduate degrees are completed in four years and many master's degrees are earned in two years, while doctoral degrees can take anywhere between one to eight years to be completed. 8.Though UK university tuition fees rose to £9,000 a year in 2012, they still were less than half of what many Americans pay to study for a degree. Most private US colleges charge a minimum of $30,000 for a degree course. State colleges are usually cheaper, but students at an Ivy League university such as Harvard or Yale have to find more than $50,000 a year. 9.Much like the U.S., British universities offer lectures, or formal presentations, to large groups of students. British universities also higher education – высшее образование qualify – квалифицировать, обучать для какой-л.цели; готовить(кого-л.)к ка-кой-л.деятельности secondary education – среднее образование tertiary education ['tɜ:rʃı,erı ,edʒʋ'keıʃən] – высшее образование, «третичная» ступень образования named degree – присваиваемая степень institution – организация, учреждение e.g. – например (сокращенно от лат. exempli gratia) law school – юридический факультет университета entrance requirement – условия поступления completion – окончание, завершение undergraduate – студент первых курсов, обучающийся по основным программам высшего образования (до получения степени бакалавра); базовое высшее образование, бакалавриат tuition – плата за обучение oral examination – устный экзамен practical training – производственная практика notary – нотариус law firm – адвокатская контора, юридическая фирма Bachelor’s Degree – степень бакалавра LLB – Bachelor of Laws – бакалавр права Master’s Degree – степень магистра LLМ – Master of Laws – магистр права instructional – образовательный, учебный moot – учебный судебный процесс в юридической школе doctoral degree – степень доктора наук earn – получать, заслуживать charge – требовать (в виде оплаты), запрашивать плату Ivy League university – привилегированный университет Северо-востока США, входящий в Лигу Плюща; старейший университет Новой Англии formal presentation – официальная презентация, официальное выступление feature seminars for smaller groups of students. However, British universities focus more on tutorial education than U.S. schools. British schools emphasize lectures rather than interactive learning, a focus of the U.S. Much like the U.S., however, British universities feature continuous assessment, where coursework, exams and projects are expected throughout the year for each degree field. Final exams and dissertations are a prominent feature in both countries. 10. Classification of academic ranks of faculty members. A “lecturer” is the junior academic rank in the United Kingdom. Lecturers carry out original research and teach undergraduate students. The most senior academic job title in both countries is “professor”. Professors usually have doctorate degrees. Not all college teachers are full professors. Thus in the USA college students may also be taught by instructors who need complete their doctorate degrees in order to become assistant professors and then associate professors. There are also adjunct professors who are hired to teach for a limited time, usually one semester. feature – характеризоваться, иметь особенность, отличаться tutorial – практические занятия с руководителем-консультантомinteractive learning – взаимообучение academic rank ≈ academic title – должность в высшем учебном заведении, учёное звание faculty member – преподаватель высшего учебного заведения lecturer – преподаватель вуза full professor – академическая должность профессора кафедры и звание «профессор» instructor – преподаватель, ведущий практические занятия за профессором assistant professor – доцент, работающий по совместительству (претендует стать «associate professor») associate professor – доцент кафедры, преподаватель с правом стать «full professor» adjunct professor – адъюнкт-профессор(приглашается на работу на условиях почасовой оплаты на ограниченный срок) 2.Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы: 1.What is higher education? 2.Why is higher education known as “tertiary”? 3.How long may college education last? 4.What is the usual age of admission to colleges? 8.Where do law students in Russia get their practical training? 9.What subjects do law students study? 10.Where do degree courses last longer: in Britain or the US? 11.Are university tuition fees almost the same in the USA and the UK 12.Does the tuition charge depend on whether you enter a state or private college in America? 13.What is the most senior academic job title in British and American universities? |
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