Учебное пособие по грамматике английского языка для студентов 1-го курса во направлений: 08. 03. 01 «Строительство», 38. 03. 01 «Экономика», 15. 03. 05 «Конструкторско-технологическое обеспечение машинострои
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Тематические тексты с заданиямиI-ый семестр About myself.Before I start talking about my family let me introduce myself. I am [your name]. I am [your age]. I have left school this year (last year). I was born in [your city]. And now I am going to tell you about my family. We are a family of five. We are a small and friendly family. And we are happy to be living together and are getting on all right. To begin with, I am going to talk first about my father. His name is Sergey. He is 45. He works as a surgeon in a hospital. He is neither, nor young. He is a good-looking man, handsome, rather thin with dark brown hair just beginning to go grey. He is a very sociable person. What I don’t like about my dad is that he is always busy. Very often he works overtime. He is a bread-maker in our family. He is fond of going to the country on week-ends, because he enjoys working in the garden. My mother’s name is Anna. She is three years younger than my father. She works as a teacher at a nursery school. My mother is rather slim and pretty, she is always elegant and smart. In short, she is a pleasant-looking woman of about 40. She always has a lot of work to do both at work and about the house. She is fond of her work and spends a lot of time there. But she has to cook the food for all the family at home. Shopping and cooking is nearly half a day’s work for her. But my granny and I are in habit of helping her about the house. Alex is my elder brother. He is six years senior to me. So he is 23 already. He has graduated from the University and he is an economist by profession now. Alex is married. His wife is a journalist. They are three in the family. They have got a child, my nephew. It is a lovely little boy of two with golden hair and dark brown eyes and a spirit that is always bright and happy, full of joy and gaiety. And finally a few words about my granny. To tell you the truth, she is my best friend. She always listens to my endless stories about my friends and my school life. She is retired on pension now but in her youth and her older age she worked as a teacher in a school. I must admit, she is a very understanding person. Put it into a few words, we are a united and friendly family. Список слов к топику about myself. To introduce oneself – представлять кого-то, знакомиться To leave school – заканчивать школу To graduate from the University – заканчивать университет A surgeon – хирург Handsome – красивый (о мужчине) Sociable – общительный To work overtime – работать сверхурочно A bread-maker – кормилец To be fond of – нравиться, любить Slim – стройный, изящный Pretty – хорошенькая, симпатичная (о женщине) Elegant – элегантный Smart - хорошо одетый, модный, изящный To be in (to have) a habit of doing smth. – иметь привычку (обыкновение) чем-то заниматься Senior – старший, старше Junior – младший To be married – быть женатым (замужем) Nephew – племянник Gaiety – веселость Endless – нескончаемый To be retired on pension – находиться на пенсии Relatives by birth: A family – семья Parents – родители A mother (mum) – мать (мама) A father (dad) – отец (папа) A son – сын A daughter – дочь A sister – сестра A brother – брат A grandfather – дедушка A grandmother – бабушка A great-grandfather – прадедушка A great-mother – прабабушка A grandson – внук A granddaughter – внучка Grandparents – бабушка и дедушка Grandchildren – внуки An uncle – дядя An aunt – тетя A nephew – племянник A niece – племянница A cousin – двоюродный брат (-ая сестра) Relatives by marriage A husband – муж A wife – жена A father-in-law – тесть, свекор A mother-in-law – теща, свекровь A son-in-law – зять (муж дочери) A daughter-in-law – невестка (жена сына) A brother-in-law – деверь (муж сестры) A sister-in-law – золовка (жена брата) A stepfather – отчим A stepmother – мачеха An adopted child – приемный ребенок An orphan – сирота A widower – вдовец A widow – вдова Twins – близнецы To be married – быть женатым (замужем) To get married – жениться (выходить замуж) divorce – развод, разведенный Divorcee – разведенная Single – холост, не замужем Descendant – потомок Direct descendant – прямой потомок Hereditary – потомственный, традиционный в семье Heir – наследник Progeny – поколение, потомство Relatives – родственники (one’s flesh and blood – родственник) Additional Words and Expressions: What’s your name - Как Вас зовут? What’s your first name - Как Вас зовут? What’s your surname? - Как Ваша фамилия What’s your last name - Как Ваша фамилия ? What are you? – Кто Вы (по профессии)? What’s your occupation? – Чем Вы занимаетесь? How old are you? – Сколько Вам лем? When were you born? – Когда Вы родились? I was born on the 30th of May, 1986 – Я родилась 30 мая 1986 года. Have you any sisters or brothers? – У Вас есть братья или сестры? Is your (sister, brother) younger or elder than you? – Ваша (сестра, брат) младше или старше Вас? I am the only child in the family – Я единый ребенок в семье. I have neither brother nor sister – У меня нет ни брата, ни сестры What does he (she) look like? – Как он (она) выглядит? He is handsome. – Он красивый (о мужчине) She is beautiful.- Она красивая (о женщине) She is pretty (charming) – Она хорошенькая, симпатичная. She is like her mother (father) – Она похожа на свою мать (своего отца) She (he) has a noble look – у нее благородный вид. She (he) looks like her (his) father (mother) – Она (он) похож (-а) на своего (свою) отца (мать) They look like – Они похожи друг с друга. She (he) is so unique – Она (он) неповторима She (he) is so tactful – Она (он) так тактична (тактичен) Her (his) charm is irresistible – Ее (его) обаяние неотразимо. She (he) is energetic – энергичная (ый) Sharp-minded – смышленая Emotionally stable – эмоционально уравновешенная (ый) She (he) is …. Aggressive – агрессивная (ый) Generous – щедрая (ая) Talented – талантливая (ый) Sensitive – чувствительная (ый) Good-hearted – добросердечная (ый) Simple – hearted – простодушная (ый) Empty-headed – пустоголовая (ый) Cheerful – веселая (ый) Intelligent – умная (ый) Educated – образованная (ый) Awkward – неуклюжая (ый) Shy – застенчивая (ый) Easy-going - покладистая (ый) Brave – храбрая (ый) Stubborn – упрямая (ый) Envious – завистливая (ый) Sophisticated – с утонченным вкусом Where are you from? - Откуда Вы родом? What country are you from? What is your nationality? – Кто Вы по национальности? I am Ukrainian (Russian, English, American) – Я украинка (русская, англичанка, американка) Is your family large (small)? – У Вас большая (маленькая) семья? How many persons are there in your family? – Из скольких человек состоит Ваша семья? We are a family of four – Наша семья состоит из четырех Are you related to her? – Она Ваша родственница? What is your address? – Какой у Вас адрес? What is your phone number? – Какой у Вас номер телефона? What are your hobbies? – Какие у Вас хобби? What do you enjoy most? – Что Вы любите больше всего? I am a loner. I don’t like a noisy crowd. – Я люблю одиночество. Я не люблю шумную толпу. What kind of education did you get? – Какое Вы получили образование? Did you get a diploma (certificate)? – Вы получили диплом (сертификат)? What is your favorite subject?Какой у Вас любимый предмет? Are you doing well? – Вы хорошо учитесь? When did you leave school? – Когда Вы закончили школу? What are you going to be? – Кем Вы хотите стать? About Myself It is both pleasant and a bit difficult to speak about myself. It is pleasant because every person enjoys speaking about his or her interests, likes or dislikes. But at the same time it is difficult because to study a person, especially yourself, it is a great journey, not a little walk. Speaking about my character I'd like first of all to define what character is. These are some qualities that make a person different from others. People often say about me that I am not like others. I don't think that I am something special. When candles are out all cats are grey. But of course if you come closer and turn on the light you can see that some features are typical to me. But to cut the long story short I think I am a good humoured, very responsible, hard working and emotional person. I like creativity and appreciate this trait in others. I don't like to he and I feel when others do. I try not to be late and I hate when others don't come on time. I prefer to associate with clever and polite people. It is very annoying when somebody whom I trust turns out to be unreliable. But I try to treat other people so as I want them to treat me. I see the man whom I am looking for also as a person with a strong and sound body and mind. The person, who is interesting to talk to, whom I can trust and rely on. As for my interests I am fond of psychology in the sphere of dealing with people and the questions of how to form your thoughts in the most favourable way. I adore travelling, seeing other people, their traditions, customs, to get acquainted with their culture, going sightseeing. Besides I like different kinds of music, I like music with rhythm you can dance to. Questions: 1. Why is it both pleasant and a bit difficult to speak about oneself? 2. What can you tell about your character? 3. What personal qualities do you appreciate? 4. What are you fond of doing? 5. What do you hate that other people do? 6. What is it annoying to you about other people? 7. How do you try to treat other people? 8. What are your interests and hobbies? 9. What do you adore doing? Vocabulary: at the same time — в то же время, одновременно to define — определять, давать определение When candles are out all cats are grey — в темноте все кошки серые feature — особенность, характерная черта to cut the long story short — короче говоря responsible — ответственный, дисциплинированный; надежный creativity — творчество to appreciate — (высоко) ценить to lie — лгать, обманывать to associate with — общаться с annoying — раздражающий; досадный; надоедливый to trust — верить, доверять(ся), полагаться (на кого-л.) to treat — обращаться, обходиться, вести себя по отношению к кому-л.; относиться to rely on — полагаться, надеяться; доверять, быть уверенным psychology — психология to deal with — иметь дело с кем-л. to adore — обожать My Hobby Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste - you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting. Hobbies are divided into four large classes: doing things, making things, collecting things, and learning things. The most popular hobby group is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities, everything from gardening to traveling and from chess to volleyball. Gardening is one of the oldest man's hobbies. It is well-know fact that the English are very found of gardening and growing flowers, especially roses. Both grown-ups and children are found of playing different computer games. This is a relatively new hobby but it is becoming more and more popular. Making things includes drawing, painting, making sculpture, designing costumes, handicrafts and others. Two of the most famous hobby painters were President Eisenhower and Sir Winston Churchill. Some hobbyists write music or play musical instruments. President Bill Clinton, for example, plays the saxophone. Almost everyone collects something at some period of his/her life: stamps, coins, matchboxes, books, records, postcards, toys, watches and other things. Some collections don't have real value. Others become so large and so valuable that they are housed in museums and art galleries. Many world famous collections started in a small way with one or two items. People with a good deal of money often collect paintings, rare books and other art object. Often such private collections are given to museums, libraries and public galleries so that others might see them. No matter what kind of hobby a person has, he/she always has the opportunity of learning from it. By reading about the things he/she is interested in, he/she adds to what he knows. Learning things can be the most exciting aspect of a hobby. So I think that everyone should have a hobby, it is like the target of your life. Hobby is what a person likes to do in his spare time. Hobbies differ like tastes. If you have chosen a hobby according to your character and taste you are lucky because your life becomes more interesting. The most popular hobby is doing things. It includes a wide variety of activities from gardening to traveling, from chess to volleyball. Both grown-ups and children are fond of playing different computer games. This hobby is becoming more and more popular. Making things include drawing, painting, handicrafts. Many people collect something - coins, stamps, compact discs, toys, books. Some collections have some value. Rich people often collect paintings, rare things and other art objects. Often such private collections are given to museums, libraries. As for me, I like to listen to music. 3 months ago my parents bought me a compact disc player and I decided to collect compact discs. I like different music, it should be good. I collect discs of my favourite groups and singers. I carefully study the information printed on discbooklets. I try to find everything about my favourite singers. Also I like to watch music programmes on TV. I want to keep up with the news in the world of music. Of course, I like to spend my spare time with my friends. We talk about all sorts of things ( politics, teachers, girls). We discuss films, books, TV programmes. In fine weather we like to be in the open air. We find a nice place somewhere in the forest. We make a fire, bake potatoes and have a lot of fun. When the weather is bad, my friends come to my place. We have a good time together. My attitude to sport Sport is very important in our life. That’s why lots of people take exercise and go in for sports. When a baby starts moving his arms left and right it is the first step to physical training. When children grow, they play active games a lot. Everyone wants to be faster and stronger. It helps you to win in games with your friends. And eventually it helps you to achieve more in life. So sport helps to build strong character. Many children start to go in for sports. They like it very much. Later some of them may become professional sportsmen. They will take part in competitions, get a regard, respect and have popularity. So we can say that sport helps to achieve success in life. Of course, in order to achieve something you have to work a lot and overcome all difficulties. Sport gives you discipline. You will never use cigarettes, alcohol or even drugs, if you go in for sports and understand the importance of good health and physical shape. Sport helps you to understand life better. It helps to taste a victory and teaches you to take a loss with dignity. So sport is very important for every person. If you want to be healthy, strong and beautiful you should go in for sports. If you want to keep yourselves fit, you should go in for sport regularly. Nobody likes to be stout and clumsy. We enjoy watching nice bodies of sportsmen, their strength and adroitness. When I go in for sports I feel wonderful. I don't sneeze or cough. I am cheerful, active and full of energy. I try to do some training almost every day. In summer I go swimming or rowing. I enjoy spending winter holidays in the country. There I can ski or skate. Certainly, it depends on the weather. But all the same in the country there are more possibilities for this than in town. For those who have already determined to go in for sport is very important to choose the kind of sport he likes best. Some games are quiet, others are very lively, active. Some kinds of sports need simple equipments and facilities, others — rather complex ones. First touch to sports and games we make in childhood. Later on in school we discover our favourite sports and games. I doubt whether the bare idea that sport is helpful to make us healthy, will make somebody go in for sport if he doesn't like physical exercises. That's why the lessons of physical training at school are very important. At school we have PT lessons twice a week. Our sports teacher is a reasonable woman. She realizes that those who want to become professionals attend specialized sport sections but the majority of us will remain amateurs. Our teacher considers her pupils must enjoy sports, then they will go in for sports and when they graduate from school. And I completely agree with her. As for me I enjoy basketball. Basketball is a dynamic and interesting game. It develops many good qualities such as rapid reaction, accuracy, dexterity, agility, endurance, will-power and collective spirit. The object of the game is quite simple. To win you must put the ball through the hoop more often than your opponent. This means the basketball player must learn to shoot effectively. All the players may take part in both the attack and the defence. I have already realized that sport is desperately necessary for everybody. I'd like to give you advice: if you haven't choose the kind of sport for you yet, do it and you'll see: your life will become more interesting. Questions: 1. What kind of sports are you fond of ? 2. Is professional sports paid much attention to? 3. Do pupils in the schools go in for sports? 4. Is jogging popular in our country? 5. Which kinds of sports are popular in your class? |
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