Exercises
Fill in the gaps with the correct comparatives or superlatives of the adjectives. Use the adjectives in brackets in the appropriate form. Translate these sentences into Russian.
St. Petersburg is (larger, the largest) city in the northern part of the world.
The island of Great Britain is (bigger, the biggest) than Greenland.
What is (higher, the highest) mountain in the USA?
Moscow underground is (more beautiful, the most beautiful) in the world.
The mines in the Vorkuta coal basin are (deepest, much deeper) than those in the Donbas area.
The Thames is (shorter, the shortest) than the Mississippi.
Roy was (younger, the youngest) of all in that family.
Test 1
Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the correct comparatives or superlatives of the adjectives. Choose from the list.
1. I am as … as my brother is.
a) taller c) tallest e) much taller
b) tall d) the tallest
2. I think Velasquez was a … painter than El Greco.
a) good c) better e) the best
b) best d) more better
3. Pat is … runner in our group.
a) fast c) much faster e) the fastest
b) faster d) fastest
4. The sweets you have bought are … the ones that you gave me last week.
a) so tasty as c) as tasty as e) tastiest than
b) such tasty as d) tasty as
5. – Isnۥt it a beautiful picture? – Yes, it is … landscape Iۥve ever seen.
a) the most beautiful c) most beautiful e) much more beautiful
b) more beautiful d) beautiful
6. Tim was … than me as he caught a big fish.
a) lucky c) so lucky e) as lucky
b) the luckiest d) luckier
7. … you speak, … your speech is.
a) The quicker … the less understandable
b) The quickest … the most understandable
c) The quicker … the most understandable
d) The quickest … the least understandable
e) The much quicker … the much more understandable
ВРЕМЕНА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА. ДЕЙСТВИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ
Времена английского языка
|
Simple
|
Continuous
|
Perfect
|
Present
|
I work
|
I am working
|
I have worked
|
Past
|
I worked
|
I was working
|
I had worked
|
Future
|
I will work
|
I will be working
|
I will have worked
|
The Present Simple Tense
Настоящее простое время
The Present Simple Tense образуется от инфинитива глагола без частицы to. В третьем лице единственного числа прибавляется окончание –s. Вопросительные и отрицательные формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола do и инфинитива смыслового глагола без частицы to.
Форма
|
утвердительная
|
отрицательная
|
вопросительная
|
I
|
open
|
I
|
do not open
|
Do
|
I
|
open … ?
|
You
|
You
|
you
|
He
|
opens
|
He
|
does not open
|
Does
|
he
|
She
|
She
|
she
|
It
|
It
|
it
|
We
|
open
|
We
|
do not open
|
Do
|
we
|
You
|
You
|
you
|
They
|
They
|
they
|
The Present Simple Tense употребляется для выражения:
1. Обычного, повторяющегося действия в настоящем.
My brother and I go to the country every summer.
2. Канстатации факта.
I work as a miner.
3. Общеизвестных истин.
The Earth goes round the sun.
4. Будущего действия с глаголами движения come, go, leave, start, arrive.
The train leaves at 11.57 p.m.
Study the following examples. Translate these sentences into Russian.
1. My mother usually gets up at 6 o’clock.
2. Does it often snow in St. Petersburg?
3. When do you have lunch?
4. He comes from London, doesn’t he?
5. As a rule I don’t go by bus to work/
Формы глагола be в действительном залоге: Present Simple
|
Утвердительная форма
|
Отрицательная форма
|
Вопросительная форма
|
Ед. число
|
I
|
am
|
I
|
am not
|
Am
|
I …?
|
He
She
It
|
is
|
He
She
It
|
is not
|
Is
|
he … ?
she … ?
it … ?
|
Мн. число
|
We
You
They
|
are
|
We
You
They
|
are not
|
Are
|
we … ?
you …?
they … ?
|
Примеры
|
I am 18 years old.
He is at home.
We are busy.
They are in the lab.
|
I am not 18.
He is not at home.
We are not busy.
They are not in the lab.
|
Am I 18?
Is he at home?
Are we busy?
Are they in the lab?
|
Формы глагола have / have got в действительном залоге:
Present Simple
Утвердительная форма
|
Отрицательная форма
|
Вопросительная форма
|
1. have / have got = иметь, обладать чем-то
|
I
We
You
They
|
have / have got
|
I
We
You
They
|
do not
have / have
not got
|
Do
|
I
we
you
they
|
have … ?
|
Have
|
got … ?
|
He
She
It
|
has / has got
|
He
She
It
|
does not
have / has
not got
|
Does
|
he
she
it
|
have … ?
|
Has
|
got … ?
|
2. have в ряде устойчивых сочетаний, выражающих деятельность или однократное действие: have breakfast (dinner, tea); have a talk (a bath, a walk); have a good time
(a rest, a holiday); have a class
|
I have tea at 5 p.m.
She always has a good
time at Christmas time.
|
I do not have tea at 5 p.m.
She does not always have a
good time at Christmas time.
|
Do you have tea at 5 p.m.?
Does she always have a good
time at Christmas time?
|
Exercises
I. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb to be.
1. Our group … in London a year ago.
2. Ekaterinburg … a large industrial city.
3. My flat … very small.
4. I … absent yesterday.
5. This young man … our English teacher.
6. Why … you late?
7. Moscow … the capital of Russia.
II. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the verb to have.
Our Institute … old and new buildings.
Every faculty … its own computer center.
Our library … many books and magazines.
We … industrial training next year.
My friend Nick … a very friendly family.
I … no time to think about it yesterday.
The students … a very difficult examination yesterday.
III. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the Present Simple of the verb in brackets. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Usually I … to the Institute by bus (go).
2. We … not write letters very often (do).
3. It often … in autumn in St. Petersburg (rain).
4. My brother … a very good specialist (be).
5. Larry … to eat a lot (like).
6. Carl … a lot of friends in Russia (have).
7. – … he smoke? – No? he … not (do).
8. My mother … up very early every day (get).
9. My parents … newspapers regularly (read).
IV. Make up seven sentences about your fellow-students using the correct form of the Present Simple of the verb. Use some of the ideas below.
Example: Dan studies at the Mining Institute. He is a first year student. Does he get to the Institute by bus? No, he doesn’t. He gets to the Institute by tram. His mother and father work as mining engineers. They have two children.
Wake up early in the morning
|
Have lunch in the canteen
|
Do morning exercises
|
Have lectures, seminars and classes
|
Have breakfast
|
Study many subjects at the Institute
|
Go to the Institute by bus/ tram/ car/ underground/ trolleybus
|
Be tired at the end of the working day
|
Go to work
|
Return home late
|
Go to bed late at night
|
Have supper
|
V. Work in pairs. Ask questions and let your fellow-students answer them. Use some of the ideas below.
Example: Study at the Mining Institute (your friend).
- Does your friend study at the Mining Institute?
1. Get up at 7 a.m. (your mother)
2. Have dinner at the Institute (you)
3. Read books in the library (your friends)
4. Take exams in spring (extra-mural students)
5. Be a big city (St. Petersburg)
The Past Simple Tense
Прошедшее неопределенное время
The Past Simple Tense образуется путем прибавления окончания –ed или –d (если глагол оканчивается на гласный e) к основе правильных глаголов или путем различных изменений глагольной основы (для неправильных глаголов).
a) правильный глагол + -ed
b) неправильный глагол → вторая форма
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола do в Past Simple (did) и инфинитива смыслового глагола баз частицы to.
Форма
|
утвердительная
|
отрицательная
|
вопросительная
|
I
|
washed
stayed
carried
bought
|
I
|
did not
|
wash
stay
carry
buy
|
Did
|
I
|
wash
stay
carry
buy
…?
|
You
|
You
|
you
|
He
|
He
|
he
|
She
|
She
|
she
|
It
|
It
|
it
|
We
|
We
|
we
|
You
|
You
|
you
|
They
|
They
|
they
|
The Past Simple Tense употребляется для выражения:
1. Действий, которые происходили или произошли в прошлом. Время действий может быть обозначено такими обстоятельствами, как yesterday, a week ago, last month и т.д.
I watched a football match over TV yesterday.
2. Последовательности действий в прошлом.
First my father read a newspaper, then he had some coffee and at last he decided to play computer games with me.
Формы глагола be в действительном залоге: Past Simple
|
Утвердительная форма
|
Отрицательная
форма
|
Вопросительная форма
|
Ед. число
|
I
He
She
It
|
was
|
I
He
She
It
|
was not
|
Was
|
I …?
he …?
she …?
it …?
|
Мн. число
|
We
You
They
|
Were
|
We
You
They
|
were not
|
Were
|
we …?
you …?
they …?
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Окончание табл.
|
|
Утвердительная форма
|
Отрицательная
форма
|
Вопросительная форма
|
Примеры
|
I was at school last year. She was at home on Monday. You were busy yesterday. They were in the lab.
|
I was not at school last year. She was not at home on Monday. You were not busy yesterday. They were not in the lab.
|
Was I at school last year? Was she at home on Monday? Were you busy yesterday? Were they in the lab?
|
Study the following examples and translate the sentences into Russian.
1. I went to the circus yesterday.
2. Did you see your cousin last week?
3. When were you in Helsinki last time?
4. He bought his flat two years ago, didnۥt he?
5. Who told you about this news?
6. They didnۥt win the grant.
Exercises
I. Give the Past Simple forms of the following verbs.
Be, become, break, choose, cut, deal, do, draw, eat, fall, get, grow, keep, know, lead, let, lose, make, mean, meet, say, see, sleep, spend, take, tell, win, write.
II. Fill in the gaps with the correct form of the Past Simple of the verb in brackets. Translate these sentences into Russian.
1. They … us at the station (meet).
2. She … me a very interesting piece of news (tell).
3. … you … to the Institute yesterday (go).
4. I … you last week. Were you ill? (not see)
5. We … a lot of money on compact disks (spend).
6. I … a new dictionary last week (not buy).
III. Answer the following questions in the Past Simple Tense.
Example: - Were you busy yesterday? – Yes, I was.
- Who didnۥt attend the lecture yesterday? – Mike and Helen didnۥt. They were ill.
1. Did you get up early yesterday?
2. Did you go to the country last summer?
3. In what subjects did you take exams before you entered the Institute?
4. When did you become a student?
5. When were you born?
6. Where were you born?
IV. 1) Make up seven sentences about yourself using the correct form of the Past Simple of the verbs. 2) Do the same about your fellow-student(s). Use some of the ideas below.
Example: 1) I got up at 7 a.m. yesterday. Then I did morning exercises. After that I went to the bathroom and got washed. 2) Yesterday Mike watched TV. Then he read some newspapers. After that he played computer games.
Make tea, boil an egg
|
Study in the library
|
Have tea, have a sandwich
|
Have a test
|
Go to the Mining Institute
|
Write, read, translate, calculate
|
It takes (me/him/her/them) 30 minutes to get to the Institute
|
Take notes
Be attentive
|
Have lectures and seminars
|
Listen to the lecture
|
V. Work in pairs. Ask questions and let your fellow-students answer them. Use some of the ideas below.
Example: Come back home late yesterday (you). Did you come back home late yesterday?
1. Watch the latest news (you)
2. Go to the picture gallery (your friend)
3. Send a telegram (she)
4. Pay the bus fare (you)
5. Win the game (the Zenith football team)
6. Receive a bonus (your colleagues)
7. Calculate fast (the computer)
8. Stay long at the Institute (the monitor of the group)
The Future Simple Tense
Будущее время
The Future Simple Tense образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола shall (для 1 лица ед. и мн. числа) или will (для всех остальных лиц) и инфинитива смыслового глагола.
Вспомогательный глагол
shall / will
+
Смысловой глагол
Infinitive
Форма
|
утвердительная
|
отрицательная
|
вопросительная
|
I
|
shall
|
read
|
I
|
shall not
|
read
|
Shall
|
I
|
read … ?
|
You
|
will
|
You
|
will not
|
Will
|
you
|
He
|
He
|
he
|
She
|
She
|
she
|
It
|
It
|
it
|
We
|
shall
|
We
|
shall not
|
Shall
|
we
|
You
|
will
|
You
|
will not
|
Will
|
you
|
They
|
They
|
they
|
The Future Simple Tense употребляется для выражения:
1. Однократных действий, которые будут совершенны в будущем.
I shall come to you next time.
2. The Future Simple Tense не употребляется в придаточных предложениях времени и условия. Вместо него употребляется The Present Simple Tense.
If I have spare time we shall go to the Internet Café tonight.
Study the following examples and translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Donۥt worry. Iۥll pay for you.
2. Iۥm tired. I think Iۥll switch off the TV.
3. What will the weather be like tomorrow? – Itۥll be sunny.
4. Will you be at home in 20 minutes? – Yes, I will.
Exercises
I. Fill in the gaps with the form of the Future Simple of the verb in brackets. Translate these sentences into Russian.
1. The play … in 10 minutes (begin).
2. He … a second year student next year (become).
3. I… you tomorrow when we attend the lecture (see).
4. Our company … the old equipment next autumn (replace).
5. My colleagues … me on my birthday tomorrow (congratulate).
6. … you … me? I want to go on an excursion (join).
II. Answer the following questions in the Future Simple Tense.
Example: - Will you take a bus or a tram? – Iۥll take a bus.
- Where will Jane go to tomorrow evening? – She will go to the theatre.
1. Will you use a computer tomorrow?
2. Who will have classes and seminars on Friday?
3. When will you go back home tomorrow?
4. Where will your fellow-student go to next summer?
5. You wonۥt work at a plant tomorrow, will you?
III. 1) Make up seven sentences about yourself using the correct form of the Future Simple of the verbs. 2) Do the same about your fellow-student(s). Use some of the ideas below.
Example: 1) Iۥll have some juice. 2) My friend Nick will take a walk in the evening.
Get up later tomorrow
|
Write a course paper
|
Go by underground
|
Take exams in May
|
Go shopping
|
Graduate from the Mining Institute
|
Send a postcard
Buy a newspaper / a magazine
|
Become a specialist in the field of mining industry
|
Work in the library
|
Make an experiment in the lab
|
IV. Work in pairs. Ask questions and let your fellow-students answer them. Use some of the ideas below.
Example: Have lunch at the Institute? (you) – Will you have lunch at the Institute?
1. Walk to the Institute (you).
2. Go to the Mariinsky theatre (Ann).
3. Listen to the weather forecast (he).
4.Put on a jumper (your friend).
5.Rain tomorrow (it).
6. Give a call to the parents (they).
7. Have good weather (we).
The Present Continuous Tense
Настоящее длительное время
|
