1. Developed in the 1960s, snowboarding is believed to have originated in the US, where several inventors explored the idea of surfing on the snow. The sport quickly developed, and the early boards were replaced by designs that are specialized to meet the demands of different competitions. The basic design is a board to which the rider’s feet are attached with bindings. The size and shape of a board varies according to its use and the size of the snowboarder.
2. The term extreme sports is generally attributed to the X Games, a made-for-television sports festival created by the cable network ESPN in 1995. The success of the X Games raised the profile of these sports. The extreme sports of mountain biking and snowboarding debuted at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games in 1996 and 1998, respectively.
3. The primary extreme sports - skateboarding, in-line roller-skating, and BMX, for example - often use half-pipes and urban landscapes to perform a wide range of tricks. The sports also share a unique subculture that separates them from traditional team sports. This youth-oriented culture embraces punk music and fashion and emphasizes individual creativity.
Task III
Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct form of the words.
Self-care
We live in the era of 1________________ advances in “self-care”.
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IMPORTANCE
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What you need is new information. There is so much you can learn to have a 2________________ life. Then you can fulfill your needs in health easily and routinely as part of your normal way of life.
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HEALTH
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It is more and more obvious that 3________________ kinds of treatment and cures in the world cannot bring lasting health if you are not willing to live an existence without diseases.
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DIFFER
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Years of physical damage – smoking, drinking, overeating, the wrong food, lack of rest or exercise – can only interfere with good health. Emotional instability is also incompatible with good health. And when the result is ill health, drugs are only 4________________ aids.
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ADDITION
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To repair the damage of disease, or more to the point, to prevent it, you must live more 5________________
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CARE
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It is possible that you know this already. But you must also know how to use that instinctive 6________________
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KNOW
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Task IV
Have you ever thought about your future career? What are you going to be?
What opportunities are there for a Russian teenager after finishing the 9th Form?
Do you go in for sport? How can sport help a person? What negative points are there?
What is your attitude to extreme sport?
Проверочная работа № 3.
1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английский слов и выражений:
1. quantity a. жёсткий(жёсткость)
2. alloy b. углерод
3. carbon c. растяжение
4. substance d. поломка
5. tough(ness) e. количество
6. hard(ness) f. ковкость
7. ductility g. разрыв
8. malleability h. прочность
9. tension i. вязкость
10. compression j. сплав
11. rupture k. твёрдый(твёрдость)
12. strength l. сжатие
13. braking m. вещество
2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:
Metal, industry, industrial, absolutely, laboratory, steel, elastic, mechanical, result, atom, atomic, structure, special, temperature.
3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:
Metals.
1. Mankind has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities but only now they are employed in really great quantities.
2. Today we know more than seventy metals, the majority of which are used in industry.
3. Of all the metals iron is the most important one. Absolutely pure iron is never prepared except for laboratory purposes. The irons and steels in use today are really alloys of iron, carbon and other substances. They can be made elastic, tough, hard, or comparatively soft.
4. Mechanical properties of metals are the result of their atomic structure. They include hardness, ductility and malleability which are of special importance in engineering.
5. Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.
Malleability is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed by compression without rupture.
6. These properties are similar to each but not the same. Most metals increase these properties at temperatures.
7. The strength of a metal is the property of resistance to external loads and stress.
8. These mechanical properties are of great importance in industrial purposes because all parts and units made of iron and steel must meet up-to-date demands.
4. Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 3, 4, 5, 7.
5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:
Вопросы
1. What is the most important metal?
2. What mechanical properties of metal do you know?
3. What is strength?
4. What is ductility?
5. What is malleability?
Ответы
a. The capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.
b. Iron.
c. The capacity of a metal to be deformed by compression without rupture.
d. The property of a metal to resist to external loads.
e. Hardness, ductility and malleability.
6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:
1. The most important metal in use today is… a) carbon;
b) iron;
c) some other metals.
2. Ductility is the capacity of a metal… a) to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking;
3. Malleability is the capacity of a metal… b) to be permanently deformed by compression without rupture;
4. The strength of a metal is the property… c) to resist to external loads and stress.
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