Учебное пособие по общественно-политическому переводу Издательство
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Syria crisis talks remain deadlockedCrisis talks at the United Nations aimed at finding a political resolution to end the violence in Syria remain deadlocked, with the British foreign secretary, William Hague, warning of areas of "difficulty and difference" in the negotiations.After preparatory talks on Friday ahead of the arrival of foreign ministers of the five permanent members of the Security Council and Arab states, diplomats were deadlocked over the negotiating text to agree on guidelines and principles for "a Syria-led transition". The US secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, had held talks in Moscow on her way to Geneva with the Russian foreign minister, Sergei Lavrov, in the hope of finding a breakthrough. At the heart of the deadlock is the insistence of Russia, which is Syria's most important ally, that Syrians alone should be master of their fate, ruling out an internationally imposed solution. While the negotiating text envisages the exclusion "from government those whose continued presence and participation would undermine the credibility of the transition and jeopardise stability and reconciliation" it is not clear what this would mean for Assad and whether he might remain during a transitional period.
Make-or-break talks will be held in Geneva this week to rescue the troubled Doha international trade round, amid fears that a deepening rift between rich and poor countries will see the collapse of almost 10 years of negotiations. After months of stalemate, the World Trade Organisation has set a deadline of Friday for the leading players to cut a deal in the key area of industrial tariffs. Pascal Lamy, the WTO s director general, described the situation as "grave" after seeing no signs of a breakthrough since the start of 2011. He had said it was crucial for progress to be made by Easter if there was to be any chance of completing the round by the end of this year. In a clear warning about the state of the talks, Lamy said negotiators should "think hard about the consequences of throwing away 10 years of solid multilateral work". The Doha round was launched amid much fanfare in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, as rich countries promised to level the playing field for producers from the developing world to win access to lucrative markets. Brazil's ambassador to the WTO, Roberto Azevedo, said that if the deadlock could not be broken, the next question was what, if anything, could be salvaged from the talks, which began in the Qatari capital in November 2001.
International efforts to bring peace to Syria after almost three years of war get under way in Switzerland on Wednesday with near-zero expectations of a political breakthrough but slight hope of a deal on confidence-building measures and improved access for humanitarian aid on the ground to relieve the suffering of millions of ordinary people. Prospects for progress depend on co-operation between the US and Russia. Agreement between the two countries on dismantling Syria's chemical weapons programme last September was one of the few diplomatic achievements of the crisis so far. The point of Geneva II is to pick up where Geneva I, held in June 2012, left off. But there is no sign of readiness by any of the Syrian parties to make substantive concessions. Assad has repeatedly said he will not step down and has spoken of standing for president again later this year. Those opposition groups that are prepared to negotiate insist he must go and cannot play a role in any transition. Western diplomats admit it is hard to see how the impasse between regime and opposition can be broken. The best hope is that pressure by their respective supporters will keep both at the negotiating table. 9. Arab League urges US to call halt on Israeli settlements Arab foreign ministers have given the US another month to pursuade Israel to halt settlement activity in the occupied territories – backing the decision by Palestinian president, Mahmud Abbas, to suspend peace talks. Talks in Libya produced a statement by the Arab League last night urging the Obama administration to carry on working for an extension of Israel’s 10-month settlement freeze, which expired last month, so that the already faltering negotiations can continue. Abbas has urged ministers of the 22-member league to back his call for more time before pronouncing the talks a failure, as many analysts predict they eventually will be. Qatar’s foreign minister, who chaired the meeting, told reporters: “The committee endorses the decision of president Abbas to stop the talks. It urges the American side to pursue efforts to resume the peace process and put it back on the right track, including stopping settlements.” The effect of the Arab decision is to allow the quest for negotiations to go into extra time despite what had appeared to be an early and potentially terminal crisis over the ever-intractable settlement issue. 10. Russia Slams US Over Its Syria Stance The Kremlin has condemned the United States for recognizing an opposition coalition as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov said that contradicts the previous agreements reached in Geneva that suggested the start of dialogue between officials appointed by both the Syrian government and the opposition. The US is clearly in favor of the opposition, and it appears Washington is betting on the fact that the coalition will win an armed victory against President Bashar Al-Assad’s government, he said. The Kremlin has consistently maintained that it is not the job of the United Nations Security Council to call for the ouster of any government. Russia has refused to back three previous rounds of sanctions against Syria, its Middle Eastern ally, and has called for dialogue between the opposition and the Syrian government. 11. North Korea disputes arms accusations Rejecting Washington’s demand for a more thorough account on whether it has tried to enrich uranium for atomic weapons, North Korea said Friday that it had already explained enough to the United States about its nuclear programme. The North’s stance, contained in a statement Friday from its Foreign Ministry, amounts to a setback for US efforts to persuade Pyongyang to declare all its nuclear assets before dismantling them. Earlier in the day, North Korea renewed its threat to bolster its “war deterrent” – its common reference to its nuclear arsenal. The North Korean statement Friday – carried by the North’s Korean Central News Agency, its mouthpiece to the outside world - was the first official pronouncement by the North after it missed the Dec.31 deadline to disable its main nuclear complex at Yongbyon and provide a full list of its nuclear activities: weapons, facilities and fissile material. Since the deadline passed, the United States, South Korea and Japan all have criticized the North for failing to abide by the agreement. 12. Regarding suspicions about North Korea’s connections to a suspected nuclear facility in Syria, the North’s ministry simply repeated its earlier stance that it had already pledged in the Oct. 3 agreement that it would never transfer any nuclear material, technology or know-how out of the country. But the statement did not clarify whether the North was involved in the Syrian facility. The Oct. 3 agreement refers to a deal that North Korea struck with the United States, South Korea, Japan, China and Russia in which it promised to disable its nuclear facilities in exchange for one million tons of heavy fuel oil and diplomatic concessions. On Friday, North Korea accused the United States and other countries of delaying their own commitments to provide aid and remove the North from US terrorism and trade blacklists. “We still hold hope that the Oct. 3 agreement will be implemented smoothly if all countries participating in the six-party talks make sincere efforts based on the principle of action-for-action,” the statement said. Active Vocabulary
II. a) Find the English for the following word combinations used in the articles of this section (the number of the article is given in brackets): добиваться принятия решения (1), второй день подряд (1), предусматривать (1); Генеральный Секретарь ООН (2), правящая партия (2), отвергнуть (2); претерпеть важные изменения (3), возобновить многосторонние переговоры (3), призыв к ч-л (3); отставать от графика (4), под давлением с ч-л стороны (4); назначить дату переговоров (5), отрицать обвинения (5), назначить на к-л должность (5), постоянные члены Совета Безопасности (5); накануне прибытия (6), исключить возможность ч-л (6), предусматривать (6), ставить под угрозу (6); ВТО (7), спасти (7), на фоне, в обстановке (7), доступ к ч-л (7); покинуть пост (8), баллотироваться на пост президента (8), сторонники (8); остановить строительство поселений (9), не поддающийся решению вопрос (9); законный представитель (10), противоречить (10), назначить (10); неудача (11), объекты (11), расщепляющийся материал (11); обещать (12), передавать ядерные технологии (12), предоставить помощь (12) b) Translate into Russian the following word combinations used in the articles of this section (the number of the article is given in brackets): to be doomed to fail (1), protagonist (1), to overcome mutual loathing (1); a deadly postelection crisis (2), reservations (2), to accept with regret (2) to be mired in an impasse (3), eventually (3), to make overtures to smb (3), denuclearisation (3), analysts (3); to be distinguished by sth (4), acrimony (4), barring sth (4); a controversial nuclear program (5), to build capacity to produce a nuclear bomb (5), a civilian atomic program (5), to be designed to do sth (5), to meet energy needs (5); Syria crisis talks (6), an internationally imposed solution (6), credibility (6); make-or-break talks (7), a grave situation (7), solid multilateral work (7), amid much fanfare (7), in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks (7); to relieve the suffering of ordinary people (8), ), on the ground (8); the Arab League (9), to chair a meeting (9), a 10-month settlement freeze (9); to be in favour of (10), consistently (10), to maintain (10); nuclear assets (11), nuclear activities (11), a mouthpiece to the outside world (11), to disable a nuclear complex (11); to delay commitments (12), to remove from a blacklist (12) III. Translate the sentences, paying attention to the underlined words. A. 1. North Korea pursued atomic arms while an NPT member but has since withdrawn from the pact and announced it has nuclear weapons. 2. The Syrian government rejected the demand, with its delegation, led by Walid Muallem, the foreign minister, threatening to leave the talks within a day. 3. The talks with the UK, France and Germany broke down earlier this month after Iran resumed sensitive nuclear work at an Isfahan plant. 4. Europe's trade commissioner, Karel de Gucht, said "there is no reason to be optimistic at this moment in time" and that it was time to start thinking about a "plan B" should the talks collapse.” 5. UN-backed talks in Geneva collapsed in February, with both sides far from agreement. A third round of discussions has been delayed. 6. In a joint statement, the UK foreign secretary and his US counterpart called on president Kibaki and opposition leader Odinga to negotiate. The head of the African Union, the Ghanaian president John Kufuor, is to meet both leaders tomorrow in a mediation effort. 7. Later Thursday, the U.N. Security Council will meet to discuss Syria's humanitarian crisis. The council is deadlocked about taking strong action after Russia and China blocked three Western-backed resolutions that criticized Assad and threatened sanctions. 8. Sweden, current holder of the EU presidency, described Friday's agreement as a "political breakthrough" after years of negotiations. 9. The Obama administration is worried that failure to vote on the pact may undermine one of its key foreign policy achievements – better relations with Russia. But hitting the pause button on that reset in the relations may be precisely what some Republicans want. 10. Analysts and officials say that, if the two countries bury the hatchet, they could step up their relationship in areas such as military cooperation. However, this would have to await full political reconciliation, and that is not yet in sight. 11. The delegations are to meet in New York this month for face-to-face talks even though there is little hope they can reconcile their conflicting demands. 12. As certainty of victory for Mr Rouhani rose during the day so did a sense in the business community that the regime would move toward finding a solution in the nuclear stalemate. 13. Reports of the strike came as the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW) said all Syria's declared equipment for making chemical weapons had been destroyed, one day before a deadline. 14. Syria's next deadline is mid-November, by which time the OPCW and the Syrians must agree a detailed plan to destroy the country's chemical weapons stockpile. 15. Russia supports the Serb approach, with Sergei Lavrov, the foreign minister, on Tuesday saying he rejected “artificial deadlines”. But Bernard Kouchner, his French counterpart who was visiting Moscow, said the process “should not be eternal”. 16. These are critical talks, aimed at breaking two and a half years of deadlock over Syria and stripping President Assad of his arsenal of chemical weapons. 17. North Korea pledged at the Geneva meeting to complete dismantlement of all nuclear facilities by the end of the year, although many analysts are sceptical about whether that deadline will be met. 18. Meanwhile, a range of concessions by NATO – most notably the decision to delay alliance membership for Georgia and Ukraine – changed relations between the alliance and Russia. 19. Iranian President said on Tuesday that his country would not make "one iota" of concessions over its nuclear rights at the meetings in Geneva. A breakthrough could only be expected if the talks were held under "equal" conditions and if Iran's rights were respected. 20. The US and Japan are meanwhile stuck in a trade talks impasse over Japanese agricultural tariffs and the automobile trade. 21. The new EU-Russia agreement is set to replace the 1997 Partnership and Cooperation Agreement, which was extended for a year when it expired in December 2007. 22. Mr Obama added that the launch would also put “enormous strains” on the already faltering six-party talks aimed at removing nuclear weapons from the Korean peninsula. 23. A team of international disarmament experts is due to arrive in Damascus to begin work on dismantling Syria's chemical weapons arsenal. Syria says it will co-operate with the mission set up after a US-Russia deal endorsed by the UN Security Council. 24. The Loya Jirga can amend or reject clauses in the agreement, though its decisions are not binding. The deal will also have to be approved by parliament. 25. Two decades ago, when the US was rallying allies to isolate Slobodan Milosevic, the former Yugoslav leader, Israel took a similarly cool stance. 26. Mr Siniora has called for calm and condemned the violence as no way to try to replace a government. 27. Moscow now says the situation is continuing to worsen in Ukraine after the seizure of power by “radical extremists”, threatening the lives and safety of residents in Crimea and other south-eastern regions. It also points to the new government’s “trampling” on the 21 February agreement signed by ousted President Victor Yanukovich. 28. The head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the UN nuclear watchdog, has said force should only be used as a last resort to resolve the dispute. 29. Syria's President Bashar al-Assad has promised to comply with the disarmament deal. "History proves that we have always honoured all treaties we have signed," he said in an interview with Italian television on Sunday. 30. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov stressed the need to implement an EU-brokered peace deal agreed between Mr Yanukovich and opposition parties. B. 1. Russian officials have also warned that Russia could pull out of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, a landmark document signed by Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev and US President Ronald Reagan in 1987 that banned the entire class of medium-range missiles. 2. The Europeans vowed to support Washington in referring the dispute to the Security Council in New York should the talks fail. This could make for another showdown next week in Vienna, with the Americans and the Europeans for the first time united in calling for Security Council action. 3. A German-led effort to establish a “contact group” to negotiate a Russian stand-down in the occupied region – which the EU has set as a prerequisite for Moscow to avoid travel bans and asset freezes on senior officials – was foundering, with Sergei Lavrov, Russian foreign minister, saying western proposals ‘did not fully satisfy us’. 4. The conflict erupted when Egypt's top general overthrew Morsy, who became Egypt's first democratically elected president in June 2012, after popular protests forced the resignation of Hosni Mubarak, who had ruled the country for 30 years. But a year into Morsy's term, many Egyptians wanted him out, too. That's when the military stepped in, naming an interim president and cabinet, who are laying the groundwork for a transition to a new, democratically elected government. 5. US Secretary of State will wrap up her four-day visit to the region in the Egyptian resort of Sharm el-Sheikh, where she will attend a meeting of the Middle East Quartet – the mediation group made up of the US, Russia, the European Union and the United Nations. 6. Tehran’s suggestion of Istanbul as a venue was seen as potentially irritating to the US, as Turkey set up a nuclear-swap deal with Tehran earlier this year just as Washington was bolstering sanctions against Iran. 7. It has been a rocky year for the US-Japan relationship, the bedrock of Asia’s security and the region’s half-century-long economic rise. Irritants range from stalled trade talks to the habit of senior Japanese leaders of dredging up wartime history. 8. The month-long review of the NPT, the pact for halting the spread of nuclear arms, seemed deadlocked from the start on Monday. 9. All this comes at a time when Israeli-US relations are under severe strain over the Iran disarmament talks and a possibly insoluble deadlock in peace talks with the Palestinians. 10. For the past 35 days and counting, the country has been strafed with violence during protests by Muslim Brotherhood supporters against Egypt's military-backed interim government. 11. Overshadowed by Geneva – where negotiations on Iran's nuclear programme saw a dramatic breakthrough last November – Montreux has not featured memorably in the annals of diplomacy since 1936, when the Montreux convention gave Turkey control over the Bosphorus strait and the Dardanelles, and regulated the transit of warships. 12. Some military analysts speculated that the shipment was an operation by a hardline group within the Iranian regime that wished to undermine Mr Rouhani’s overtures to the west. 13. Friday’s meeting was almost certainly the last between the two leaders before Mr Roh leaves office in January. The South Korean president is racing to secure a meaningful legacy before stepping down, with inter-Korean reconciliation his top priority. 14. Faced with the potential of increased violence in Afghanistan in 2014, Pakistan and the United States are working more closely to ensure stability in the region. Pakistani Senator Mushahid Hussain said a recent flurry of high level talks between Washington and Islamabad means relations between the two regarding Afghanistan are back on track. “The United States is now trying to ensure that Pakistan should be part of the process of reconciliation,” said Hussain. 15. The meeting on Saturday suggested that neither side wanted to be blamed for walking out, at least at this early stage. Al-Arabiya TV quoted an unnamed Syrian source as saying that the government had agreed to release more than 5,500 prisoners. If confirmed, that would be a significant confidence-building measure. 16. Kim Jong-il, North Korea’s dictator, is furious that South Korea’s president, Lee Myung-bak, has not courted him in the manner of previous leftist administrations and has made aid contingent on tangible progress in nuclear negotiations. 17. North Korea has invited nuclear experts from the US, China and Russia to survey its nuclear facilities next week, increasing momentum behind efforts to dismantle an atomic weapons programme that has bedeviled north-east Asia for 15 years. The US described the breakthrough as “another significant step” towards denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula. 18. Although North Korea said in a weekend statement that its nuclear weapons were not “a bargaining chip”, the reactor at Yongbyon has often been used as a negotiating tool by Pyongyang to win aid and other concessions. 19. Mr Lee, the incoming South Korean president, has pledged to take a tougher line on North Korea, saying he would take a carrot-and-stick-approach, demanding more reciprocity from Pyongyang than Seoul’s current left-wing leadership has expected. “North Korea will have to show a more friendly stance. For example, they will have to release some prisoners of war and some of the South Korean people they have kidnapped.” 20. Middle East analyst James Denselow of King's College London says that Morsi's unexpected criticism of Syria, along with his unusual visit to Tehran, underscores Egypt's return to an independent foreign policy stance after the diplomatic certainty under ex-President Hosni Mubarak. "The new leader of Egypt is far more unpredictable than the rather more moribund Mubarak dynasty," he said. 21. Egyptian citizens living overseas have started voting on the country's new constitution, written primarily by Islamists and condemned by liberals and secularists. Voting inside Egypt begins Saturday. The opposition has been trying to force a delay. Many secular Egyptians fear the constitution will undermine civil liberties because it boosts the role of Islamic law and does not mention women's rights. 22. The UN Security Council on Monday condemned the reclusive nation’s launch of a rocket on April 5. It pledged to tighten existing sanctions and to produce a blacklist of companies and individuals who could face penalties for doing business with Pyongyang. 23. Some of the major armed conglomerations fighting Mr Assad, such as the Mujahedin Army and Syrian Revolutionaries Front, have given tacit endorsement to the Syrian opposition’s attendance of the talks, while more radical groups such as Jabhat Al-Nusra have explicitly condemned any negotiation with the regime. 24. Correspondents say Tunisian opposition parties have recently been emboldened by the Egyptian army's ousting of Islamist President Mohamed Morsi. 25. The governing Ennahda party has offered to support an all-party government but has ruled out calls to dissolve the constituent assembly or remove Prime Minister Ali Laaraiedh. 26. The announcement follows two weeks of fiery rhetoric and threats from North Korea’s new, young leader Kim Jong-un which has left Washington trying to weave between demonstrating continued strong military deterrence and playing down the risks of further escalation. 27. Will pacifist Japan go nuclear? Japan has left room for doubt about its intentions. Some politicians have referred to its civilian nuclear programme as a “latent deterrent” – a message to potential enemies that Japan could build a bomb if it had to. 28. Relations between the United States and Russia were already strained over the US plans to build missile defense bases in Poland and the Chez Republic. Putin said the US plan would erode Russia’s nuclear deterrent and dismissed Washington’s claim that the missile shield was necessary to counter a missile threat from Iran. 29. North Korea says it will not recognize Japan as a member of six-nation nuclear disarmament talks due to resume in Beijing on Monday. The move follows Japan's refusal to provide aid to North Korea under a disarmament-for-aid pact. Tokyo and Pyongyang are in dispute over North Korea's kidnapping of Japanese citizens in the 1970s and 1980s. 30. Pyongyang agreed in February to scrap its nuclear programme in return for a series of economic and diplomatic incentives from the US, China, Japan, South Korea and Russia, after three years of talks. North Korea’s invitation of nuclear experts was a “sign of the seriousness of purpose” among all six countries to implement the deal. IV. Fill in the blanks with suitable words in the necessary form from the list given below: a) to break down, a dispute over, to undermine, settlement, condemn, a spokesman for, peace talks, round, direct, to approve, chief negotiator, to revive, preliminary approval, direct negotiations, spokesman. Israel approves East Jerusalem settlement plans The Israeli authorities (…………..) plans to build 1,500 more homes at a Jewish (……………..) in East Jerusalem. An interior ministry (………….) said its district planning commission had given (…………………….) for the construction in Ramat Shlomo. The controversial project (……………..) as part of Israel's response to a UN decision to grant the Palestinians the status of non-member observer state. The Palestinians said the upgraded status would strengthen their hand in (………………….), but Israel said the only way to achieve an independent state was through (…………………….). The last (……..) of (………) talks (……………….) in late 2010 following (……………..) settlement construction in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. The Palestinian Authority reacted angrily to Israel’s decision. "We (………..) these Israeli actions as in doing so Israel (…………..) the two-state solution," (…………………) Saeb Erekat said. (…………………..) President Mahmoud Abbas said that he might ask the UN Security Council to intervene. b) allies, condemnation, to launch, to strengthen existing sanctions, to condemn, in defiance of, to urge, closest ally, a clear violation, to threaten regional security. UN Security Council condemns North Korea rocket launch The UN Security Council (……………) North Korea for launching a rocket (……………..) a UN ban. Calling the launch "(……………….) of Security Council resolutions", the council said it would consider an "appropriate response". The US and its (……) view the launch as a disguised test of ballistic missile technology. North Korea says its aim was (………..) a satellite. The US says Pyongyang will face "consequences" for the launch, calling it a "highly provocative act that (………………………..)". Western diplomats would like the UN statement of (………………) to be followed by a resolution in the coming days. Whether a UN resolution would (……………………………….) depends on China, a permanent member of the Security Council and North Korea's (………………). So far Beijing has expressed "regret" at North Korea's action, but also (……….) restraint on any counter-measures. In the past it has blocked action against North Korea. V. Replace the Russian words with their English equivalents in the necessary form: |
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