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Раздел 3 Задание В4–В12 B4 – These; B5 – latest; B6 – others; B7 - Children’s; B8 – shows; B9 – retired; B10 – playing; B11– dubbed; B12 – ’ve been cut. Задания В13–В18 B13 – highly; B14 – known; B15 – Foundation; B16 – fictional; B17 – Jewish; B18 – University. Раздел 4 Задание С1 Dear Karen, It’s nice to receive a fresh letter from you. You’ve been silent for quite a long time. Busy, I guess, like all of us. Reading stories about celebrities is a very good way of having a rest from the routine of the day. You sit and imagine you are one of them living in some luxurious place, wearing fashionable clothes, dining out in exquisite restaurants. It really helps to forget about everyday problems but you should never overdo. Remember that celebrities work a lot and follow this pattern. As for the party you are going to have, I think, you should invite those who have the same interests and can keep a good conversation. Five or six people will be enough for the first time. Start making your party with a plan of entertaining your quests not to be bored during the evening. See you soon, Marcus. Test 13 Технический прогресс Раздел 2. (задания по чтению) Прочитайте тексты и установите соответствие между заголовками 1–8 и текстами А–G. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть один лишний заголовок. В3
Прочитайте текст. Определите, какие из приведённых утверждений А7–А14 соответствуют содержанию текста (1–True), какие не соответствуют (2–False) и о чем в тексте не сказано, то есть на основания текста нельзя дать ни положительного, ни отрицательного ответа (3–Not stated). Peter the Great Born in Moscow, Russia on June 9, 1672, Peter the Great was a Russian czar in the late 17th Stop talking rubbish about 3D printing Pick up any technology magazine, and you’ll find sentimental articles about how the world is going to be completely transformed by 3D printing – everyone from Wired to the Economist has speculated on changes to society that 3D printing will bring. The ability to turn objects into data – to copy physical things – has led many people to predict an attack of 3D piracy. It has been written a lot about the criminal possibilities connected with the machines. Yesterday, the founder of Makerbot came out to say his product will “fuel the next industrial revolution”. Having talked to a bunch of manufacturing engineers, I’m not so sure. All the enthusiasm for the “revolution” seems to come from journalist observers of the 3D printing scene, the companies offering the “revolutionary technology”, and a handful of Lefty academics thrilled by the idea of abolishing property. People actually involved in manufacturing are not so sure that it’s magic. Let’s take a British example. There was a huge internet furore a few months back when Games Workshop, a British toy soldier manufacturer, felt it had been the world’s first victim of digital piracy, and issued a takedown notice on a 3D printing pattern for a vehicle similar to one from its Warhammer 40,000 game. A huge wave of copying, a minefield of intellectual property issues, was predicted. In actual fact, very little of that has happened. Patterns for model soldiers exist on file-sharing sites like the Pirate Bay. However, the economics just don’t support pirating on that scale. Unlike, say, pirating music, where the act of listening is free, printing out models costs money. A box of model soldiers goes for about £20 online, about £25 in the shops – but the plastic to print them out at home currently costs around £35, and the most common printer – the Makerbot – costs about £2,000. So an epidemic of piracy seems unlikely. Printing is also a fairly exacting process – it takes time, effort, and often you get a pile of goo at the bottom of your machine rather than the thing you wanted. Widespread physical copying won’t happen, in the same way that photocopiers didn’t lead to an epidemic of photocopying books. The technology just isn’t there yet – even successful prints create models that look like they’ve been left on a radiator for a few hours. And if it’s not good enough for model soldiers, it’s certainly not good enough for things with complex moving parts. One engineer told me: “You have to appreciate how expensive and how specialised most factory tooling is. You can run a 3D Printer for six months and never make the same item twice.” He thought it would be 10 to 15 years before printers able to create factory-quality products would appear, and those ones able to do in metal would probably never make it into the home. He did, however, confidently predict being able to print out parts for his BMW on the factory level ones in a few years’ time, but pointed out that those machines weren’t going to drop below a million pounds a piece any time soon, and that even if they did, the materials to make the parts at the right tolerance for a car were incredibly expensive to buy. None of the current methods of home 3D printing – the thermal fusing of plastic filaments, using UV light to cut polymer resin, depositing glue to bind resin powder, cutting and laminating paper, or even using a laser beam to fuse metal particles – are even close to reaching the standards a machine would require. It’s all very well to upload weapon parts to the internet, but without the means to do metal you’ve printed yourself a cool accessory for your Halloween gangster costume – and if you’re stupid enough to press the trigger, it’s more likely to take your arm off than actually fire a bullet. It strikes me that 3D printing is the microwave of manufacturing. If you look back at newspapers from the 1970s, people predicted that microwaves would be the only device in a kitchen, and that every dish would be microwaved. That never came to pass. Like microwaves, 3D printing will be important, but this isn’t the industrial revolution that techno-libertarians would have you believe. A 7 It seems 3D printing has been spoken and argued a lot about in the press. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated A 8 According to the founder of Makerbot 3D printing will make copying physical things possible. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated A 9 The revolutionary technology of the 3D printing will take place in the 21st century. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated A 10 3D printing will definitely encourage pirating objects. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated A 11 The quality of 3D copied objects is rather doubtful. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated A 12 It will take a quarter of a century to make 3D printing successful. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated A 13 3D printing is technologically so difficult that it will never come home. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated A 14 3D is comparable to microwaving in its history and development. 1) True 2) False 3) Not stated Раздел 3. (задания по грамматике и лексике) Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Преобразуйте слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами. В4–В12 так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию В4–В12.
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