Юриспруденция Бузулук бгти филиал (огу) 2011
Скачать 2.34 Mb.
|
Упражнение2Сравните с образцом англоязычного документа такого рода (приложение 2), сделайте собственные выводы. 5.Особенности перевода газетно-журнального информационного текста. Доминантами перевода такого текста являются средства, от ражающие его коммуникативное задание: - числовые данные, имена собственные, названия фирм и т.п. передаются однозначными эквивалентами; -клише и фразеологизмы - перевод вариантными соот ветствиями; - скрытые цитаты - перевод с помощью вариантных соот ветствий или трансформаций, с комментированием (внутрен ним или внешним); - модные слова (слова, только входящие в язык - маргиналь ный, офис - или старые, но расширившие диапазон сочетаемо сти - стилистика мебели) передаются с помощью лексической компенсации. Эти слова повышают доверие читателя к тексту, подчеркивают актуальность информации. - контраст коротких и длинных предложений, контраст пред ложений по сложности - перевод с помощью функционально подобных структур, чаще всего с использованием трансформа ций (с сохранением контраста). Упражнение 3Переведите текст на русский язык согласно требованиям стиля. Path то peace runs through a history of tumult (CNN) - As they struggle to find a way for their people to coex ist, Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Ariel Sharon are not only dealing with the bitterness of recent violence but with a lengthy history of conflict. The protracted dispute goes back long before the 1917 Balfour Declaration and the U.N. partition of Palestine set the stage for Zi onist leader David Ben-Gurion to declare Israel a state on May 14, 1948. The region - bounded on the east by the Jordan River, on the west by the Mediterranean Sea, on the north by Lebanon and on the south by the Sinai Peninsula - has been the scene of bitter strug gles for millennia. The status of Jerusalem is one of the most contentious issues in the Israeli-Palestinian peace talks. Ground zero in the dispute is a hill in Jerusalem known to Jews as the Temple Mount and to Muslims as the Haram al-Sharif, or the Noble Sanctuary. That precious piece of real estate is believed to contain the ruins of Judaism's holiest tem ple, on top of which stands the Dome of the Rock and the Al-Aqsa mosque, Islam's third-holiest site. The terms of the U.N. partition of 1947 call for Jerusalem to be an international city shared between a Jewish and Palestinian state. But Israel annexed West Jerusalem after its war of independence and East Jerusalem - which includes the Dome of the Rock - in 1967. East Jerusalem is primarily populated by Arabs and West Jerusalem by Jewish residents. In 1988, Arafat proclaimed an independent Palestinian state on the West Bank and Gaza and told the United Nations that the PLO renounced terrorism. He said the PLO supported the right of all par ties to live in peace - Israel included. In 1993 Arafat and Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin signed the Oslo peace accords that established a framework for an agree ment aimed at bringing peace to the region. The accords called for the gradual withdrawal of Israeli troops from Gaza and the West Bank, and the creation of the Palestinian Authority as the Palestinian governing body in the occupied territories. Rabin and Arafat were rewarded for their efforts by being named co-winners of the Nobel Peace Prize, along with Israeli Foreign Minister Shimon Peres. The peace process became mired in violence that escalated in Sep tember 2000, following a visit by Israeli Likud Party leader Ariel Sha ron to the hotly disputed Jerusalem site known as the Temple Mount to Jews and as Haram al-Sharif, or Nobel Sanctuary, by Muslims. Sharon, who went on to unseat Ehud Barak in the 2001 election for Israeli prime minister, has admonished Arafat to reign in Palestinian rock-throwing youths and suicide bombers. Arafat has responded that he cannot control random acts of violence by militant factions and has accused Sharon of escalating the violence. 6.Газетно-публицистический ФС. Особенности, правила перевода Немного теории Современный язык масс-медиа чрезвычайно многолик и многообразен, чем и объясняется огромное разнообразие точек зрений терминологический разнобой в отношении данной сферы коммуникации. Пожалуй, единственное, что вызывает мало споров - это то, что язык масс-медиа об служивает сферу политико-идеологических, общественно- экономических, социально-культурных и других обществен ных отношений. Следовательно, он ориентирован на самого массового, усредненного адресата, что и определяет все его лингвистические и экстралингвистические особенности. Как мы помним, В.Л.Наер (1981) в пределах мегастиля массовой коммуникации современного английского языка выделил три, в значительной мере пересекающих ся, функциональных стиля - газетный, публицистичес кий и религиозный, каждый из которых, естественно, раз деляется на подстили и жанры. В русской традиции более принят термин «публицис тический стиль», в котором А.И.Горшков (2001) выделя ет следующие подстили: газетно-публицистический, радио -тележурналистский, ораторский, а Н.Ю.Штрекер (2003) - газетно-публицистический (язык газеты), агитационный (воззвания, листовки), официальный политико-идеологи ческий (партийные постановления) и массово-политиче ский (выступления на митингах). Все эти и другие попытки упорядочить огромную мас су медиатекстов, несомненно, имеют под собой достаточ но оснований, но истина, видимо, заключается в том, что, как справедливо отмечают М.П.Брандес и В.И.Провоторов, «родовое и видовое многообразие современного газетно-публицистического стиля не поддается строгому, а тем более исчерпывающему, разделению». Как отмечает Н.Ю.Штрекер, публицистический стиль во всем многообразии всех своих жанров наиболее полно представлен на газетной полосе, поэтому понятия «язык газеты» и «публицистический стиль» нередко использу ются как тождественные или близкие. Может быть, именно поэтому М.П.Брандес, В.И.Провоторов и предпочитают использовать термин «газетно-публицистический ФС», в пределах которого выделяют две основные группы тек стов - тексты, предназначенные для зрительного воспри ятия, и тексты, предназначенные для восприятия на слух, а также две разновидности - диалогическую и монологи ческую. В пределах монологической разновидности тек стов первой группы выделяются три основных функцио нальных типа текстов - информационные, аналитичес кие и художественно-публицистические, воплощающиеся в трех основных жанрах - информационная заметка, аналитическая статья (обзор) и эссе. Монологическая разновидность текстов второй груп пы - этот так называемый ораторский подстиль, вопло щающийся во всем многообразии публичных речей. Необ ходимо постоянно иметь в виду, что любая публичная речь предназначена не только для восприятия на слух, но и для публикации, поэтому она строится в соответствии с нормами письменной литературной речи. Уникальность ораторского искусства, существующего с древнейших вре мен, состоит в том, чтобы совместить в речи два в опреде ленной степени взаимоисключающих свойства - легкость восприятия на слух с богатством и красотой языка. Диалогическая разновидность представлена такими жан рами, как беседа, диспут, дискуссия, полемика, интер вью. Они являются своего рода связующим звеном между печатной и устной группами текстов, так как обладают всеми свойствами устной речи и притом должны быть зафиксированы в печатной форме. Из всего сказанного следует простой и конструктив ный вывод для переводчика: необходимо, конечно, иметь общее представление о структуре современной сферы мас совой коммуникации, но при этом в каждой конкретной переводческой ситуации опираться на разумное сочета ние нетворческих и творческих начал, то есть творчески подходить к анализу и переводу каждого конкретного тек ста, не забывая при этом о самых общих свойствах, ха рактерных для сферы массовой коммуникации в целом. Все исследователи сходятся во мнении, что основной особенностью газетно-публицистического стиля является сочетание стандарта и экспрессии. В зависимости от жан ра на первое место выступают то экспрессия, то стандарт. Например, в информационной заметке на первом плане находится стандарт, а в фельетоне - экспрессия. Многие специалисты полагают, что без стандарта (то есть использования готовых выражений типа коридоры власти, создание позитивного имиджа, готовность к диалогу, живой отклик, горячая поддержка, обострение обстановки, политика диалога и т.п.) невозможно было бы обеспечить оперативность передачи сообщений, а пото му он не является отрицательным качеством публицисти ческого стиля. Как писал выдающийся французский лин гвист Ш.Балли, язык газет переполнен штампами - да иначе и быть не может: трудно писать быстро и правиль но, не прибегая к газетным выражениям. От стандартов, традиционно закрепившихся в публицистическом ФС, следует отличать нежелательные речевые штампы. Если стандарт - это готовое языковое средство, не вызывающее негативного отношения, обладающее четкой семантикой и способствующее быстрой и экономной передаче инфор мации, то штамп - это шаблонный оборот речи, который не вносит ничего нового и никак не уточняет содержание высказывания, а лишь засоряет его. В русском языке примерами такого рода штампов являются: со всей остро той, в целях распространения, добиваться улучшения использования и т.п. Именно эти и подобные выражения и составляют суть так называемого канцелярита, неумес тного и вредного в подавляющем большинстве случаев. Как отмечает А.И.Горшков, «несмотря на большой удельный вес стандарта, в публицистическом стиле на стоящие мастера вполне могут проявлять авторскую ин дивидуальность. Образ автора вырисовывается здесь впол не определенно. Занимая промежуточное положение меж ду научным стилем и языком художественной литературы, публицистический стиль оказывает заметное влияние на обе эти разновидности современного языка». Для публицистического стиля весьма характерны проме жуточные, межстилевые явления. Лексика и фразеология этого стиля очень разнообразны, в нем встречаются книж ные, профессиональные, разговорные, просторечные, диа лектные выражения. Все эти и многие другие особенности делают тексты газетно-публицистического стиля очень по лезным материалом, как для повышения общей культуры речи, так и для специфически переводческих упражнений. Однако нужно постоянно помнить о том, что не всякий текст можно механически отнести к газетно-публицистическому стилю лишь на том основании, что он напечатан в газете или журнале. Иными словами, необходимо уметь отличать газетный текст от текста, напечатанного в газе те, так как в газете может встретиться все что угодно. Так, постановления и приказы, где бы они ни были опубли кованы, относятся к официально-деловому стилю. В пуб ликуемых в газетах и журналах аналитических статьях на научные и экономические темы видно влияние научно го стиля. Стихотворение или рассказ, опубликованные в газете, тем не менее, относятся к художественному стилю. В газетах также печатаются реклама, объявления, пись ма и т.д. Упражнение 1 Тексты, относящиеся к газетно-публицистическому стилю, для переводческого анализа, полного письменного пере вода, обсуждения. К какому жанру следует отнести каждый из них? Подтвердите свои суждения языковыми фактами. Обратите внимание на идиоматические выражения и другие, интересные с точки зрения перевода моменты. RED ARROWS JET CRASHES INTO ROW OF HOUSES By Mark Rosselli A JET belonging to the RAF aerobatics team, the Red Arrows, crashed on to houses in a Lincolnshire village yes terday after hitting a second Red Arrows aircraft. The houses, two of which were badly damaged, were not occupied at the time, and both pilots parachuted to safety. More than 200 children were playing at a primary school about 250 yards from the crash. The accident happened at lunchtime as a formation of six Red Arrows was practicing near the team's home base at RAF Scampton, north of Lincoln. The exact details of the incident will be established by an RAF board of inquiry, but it appears that as the formation was traveling at about 1,500 ft, the flight leader's Hawk jet was hit by a second jet. As both spun out of control, the pilots ejected; one jet landed in a field close to the village of Welton, about three miles from the airfield. The other crashed into a row of council houses at the edge of the village, clipping two with its wing tip before crashing into a third. Last night, the pilots were said to be in a satisfactory condition at Lincoln County Hospital, one with a broken leg and the other with minor chest and back injuries. Neither was named. Some of those living near the crash were treated for shock; angry residents said that at the time of the accident, hund reds of children were playing outside their schools. The village also has a secondary school with 800 pupils. The Rev Brian Pritchard, chairman of the school governors at St Mary's, said: "Nobody has been hurt, thank God - but if things had been just a bit the other way, a few more yards, it might have been a very serious accident." The Red Arrows use the winter to bring in new members, but all are highly experienced pilots. Their Hawks, costing £3.5m each, are standard RAF jet trainers. The unit has lost 16 aircraft since it was formed in 1965, but there have been no fatalities since 1978, when two pilots died in a crash at their home base. SEPTEMBER 11 AT THE MOVIES By Daniel Mendelssohn At a quarter to nine on the morning of September 11J 2001, I was driving down the West Side Highway in Man hattan in a car filled with scholarly texts about Greek tragedy. It was a Tuesday, and the first session of the seminar I used to teach each fall at Princeton, "Self and Society in Classical Greek Drama," was scheduled to meet on Thursday. Because I'd recently been given a big new office, I had decided to move all of my classics texts from my apartment in New York down to Princeton; which is why, at around eight that morning, I could be found in front of my building on the Upper West Side, loading boxes of books with titles like Tragedy and Enlightenment and The Greeks and the Irrational into a friend's car. After I'd finished, I got in the car and headed south toward lower Manhattan, where the friend who was going to accompany me to New Jersey lived. My friend and I had agreed to meet at her place at nine, but traffic on the highway was surprisingly light and I reached her neighborhood early. I picked up my cell phone - the display on its exterior said 8:45 - to warn her that I was going to arrive momentarily. "Don't be mad," I said, "but I made good time." I flipped the phone shut, looked up, and a dark flash of something darted into the building that loomed directly before me, which was the north tower of the World Trade Center. A gigantic ball of bright orange fire ballooned out of the tower, followed by vast plumes of dense, black smoke. Today, when I tell people this story, I say it was like Vesuvius; there was, indeed, something volcanic about the quality of fire and smoke pouring out of the huge black gash in the building's side, which directly faced those of us who were looking at it from the north. But at the time, the first, irrational thought that came into my staggered mind was that someone was making a blockbuster disaster movie. What I thought, in fact, was this: In this day and age, with its sophisticated digital special effects, why would anyone use real planes? After a stupefied moment, in which the realness of the accident (as I then thought it must be) became apparent, I swerved my car onto a side street, where already clusters of people had stopped to stare and cry out in awed horror. Shaking, I reached for my cell phone and hit redial. "What's up?" Renee asked. "Turn on the TV, turn on the TV," I said, a little hysterically. "The World Trade Center blew up." But of course there was nothing to see on the TV yet. The amazing thing had just taken place; there was no coverage yet, no media, no commentary, no evaluation, no interpretation. It was just the raw event. What had just happened had not yet become the story of what happened. <...> RUSSIA "Business Central Europe. The Annual 2000" The economy is in a good/bad news situation. Cataclysm has been avoided. The rouble maintains its mysterious stability; and production figures are chugging upwards again after the calamitous drops of 1998. Many observers even forecast modest GDP growth after a rise in world oil prices. Even better, the government has committed itself to a series of reforms - including hard budgetary constraints, better tax collection and bank restructuring - on order to meet the terms of a new $4.5 billion loan from the IMF. But the apparent recovery is equivocal, not least because official economic figures should be taken with a heavy pinch of salt. Much of the apparent rise in production is the result of windfall gains for exporters from devaluation. Among the population, conditions have steadily worsened. While production has gone up, domestic consumption has slumped. The average monthly wage is now below $70 - down over one-third in real terms year on year. And unemployment is creeping up, to as high as 18% by some measures. And if the government's reform's commitment to the IMF sounds a little familiar, that's because it's been promised before. Discussion with the IMF still revolves around the absolute basics of tax and bank reform. These are measures that should have been tackled before the crisis, and certainly not postponed after it. POLAND "Business Central Europe. The Annual 2000" Economy With the 1998 Russian crisis slashing cross-border trade by 40%, the Polish economy faces a rocky time in 2000. Cross-border trade with Russia will tumble further following EU demands that Poland tighten border controls. That's one reason why recent surveys show that just 46% of respondents favour EU membership, compared to 70% two years ago. Still, while economic prospects for 2000 aren't exactly rosy, they could hardly be called bad, either. Growth should accelerate to 5%, from 3.5% in 1999, while increased pri vatization revenues will help fund both the struggling budget and social security reform. Business There are some good business reasons why the Polish economy is faltering. Laggardly privatization (40% of industrial workers are still employed by state firms) means that communist-era companies are an increasing drag on the wider economy. The coal sector alone lost $800 million in 1999, for example, and the government's own economic plans accept that rapid growth can't be sustained until the country's unproductive mines and still mills are sold off. Still, some long-delayed privatizations were carried out in 1999, including Bank Pekao, LOT airline and the Polski Koncern Naftowy oil conglomerate. That will continue in 2000, when state companies worth some $4 billion should be sold. That should allow the government to focus on providing a better environment for Poland's uncompetitive private sector, where big improvements in labour efficiency and quality are still needed. Increasingly, the bigger private companies are accepting they can only survive with a foreign partner. But most Poles work for 2.5 million small companies that produce nearly half of GDP. They remain backward, and largely incapable of competing internationally. If Poland wants to carry on growing, that must change. "WE DID NOT HANG AROUND TO SEE IF THE GUN WORKED" John Aglionby in Dili Saturday September 4, 1999 The sound of the smack across my friend's face echoed like a gunshot. I whipped round to see her clutching her left ear and a fiery man shouting at her: "Get out you foreign dog." This appeared to be a signal to the six men with him to attack us, five journalists investigating an attack by pro-Jakarta militias yesterday morning on the pro-independence suburb of Becora in the East Timor capital, Dili. Another man pulled out a pistol. It was only a homemade gun but we did not hang around to see if it would work. Should I have left with the journalists who at that moment were packing their bags to evacuate on a BBC charter flight? Several of the militiamen followed us briefly but, thank fully, made no serious attempt to prevent our escape. Even more passive were the dozen members of the police's crack mobile brigade, all armed with automatic rifles and bayonets. The officers made no attempt to intervene at any time: they did nothing when the militiamen barged though their ranks, heading for us, or when the assault began. The words of UN spokesman David Wimhurst ran through my mind. "The performance of the Indonesian police has been totally inadequate since polling day." That was Monday, when 98.6% of East Timorese adults voted, mostly peacefully, on whether to remain part of Indonesia or choose independence. Since then peace has been hard to find anywhere in the former Portuguese colony, invaded by Indonesia in 1975. I last left Dili on Wednesday afternoon, to go to the village of Hera 10 miles away, where four people were reportedly killed by militiamen. The local people described how the militiamen pulled four graduates of the local polytechnic from their car the previous day and took them away. Ten hours later they were dead. The one man who saw the assault is now in hiding, nursing a smashed head and broken arm. JAM JAR POLITICS Some scandals are just too delicious, and those linked to French President Jacques Chirac are, well, especially juicy. As one of his rivals once said, "Chirac can have his mouth full of jam, his fingers covered with it, the pot can be standing open in front of him, and when you ask if he's a jam eater he'll say: 'Me, eat jam?'" In other countries or cultures, that might not be acceptable behavior. But in France, there's a certain charm in cheating, and Chirac is nothing if not charming. In his re-election race against the rather humorless socialist Lionel Jospin, the reason most people give for voting for Chirac is that he's just more sympathique. It's not that evidence implicating him in several different scandals hasn't been reported. It has, extensively. But Chirac's foibles, it would seem, are ones his people find easy to understand. He epitomizes the culture from which corruption comes, and exemplifies the reasons it's so hard to eliminate. Even in grade schools, cheating is not considered a shame. And for grown-ups, as Alexis de Tocqueville wrote almost two centuries ago, while rules are stiff, in practice they're soft. So why should presidents be holier than thou? Wouldn't it seem churlish to attack Chirac for taking his family and friends on so many lovely trips when he was mayor of Paris? Не paid €500,000 in cash for the tickets, after all. (When queried, he says he was entitled to the money from a special discretionary account.) And so what if members of his party used to draw down salaries from the government for jobs they never did? Surely they're not alone in that. Yes, yes, there were kickbacks in the construction of schools and public housing, but didn't Chirac's Gaullist Party share the wealth with the socialists and communists? Maybe a few printing invoices were padded, but what's €14 million here or there in a political system that runs on sheaves of high-denomination bills? As a former staffer at Chirac's party treasury wrote last month: "To close the cupboards you had to push in the bundles with your feet." Nothing crystallized Chirac's rakish insouciance quite like revelations earlier this month about the food and be verage bills he rang up from 1987 to 1995 as mayor of Paris. He and his rather snooty wife, Bernadette, apparently thought nothing of putting their champagne tastes on the municipal budget. The records were supposed to have been destroyed when he left city hall for the presidential palace but, oops, they fell into the hands of his socialist opponents: €2.13 million worth of wining and dining over eight years, not including official dinners, lunches or cocktails. Accountants perused the numbers with all the delectation of a gourmand extracting that last little sturgeon egg from a jar of beluga. The satirical-investigative weekly Canard Enchaine went into paroxysms over the imagined menu. Could Jacques and Bernadette truly have been eating €150 worth of fruit a day? Even at the opulent caterers they frequented, that's a lot of bananas. And how about those high teas? €21,000 worth of camomile, jellies and other little munchies in 1994 alone? ("Me, eat jam?") On further examination, a lot of the bills appeared to be fake, duplicated or altered. A receipt for 5,000 francs (€762.25) worth of foie grass with truffles, for instance, seems to have had a "1" added to make it 15,000 (€2,286.75). The fact that 65 percent of the bills were paid in cash lent an especially fishy aroma to the affair. Whatever they were whipping up in that kitchen, on the books it look like slush. Nobody's saying exactly who might have fiddled the accounts. Someone in the pantry? "If for reasons of which I'm unaware there were cases of misappropriation of funds or of dysfunctionality in the [city-hall] services," said Chirac, "then it's up to the city of Paris to bring charges." But not against him. As long as Chirac is president, he's effectively got immunity and can't be interrogated by the court. Next month he may well be elected for another five-year term. If that happens, there will still be many French breaking out the champagne. But others will be locking up their cookie jars. DUTCH FARMER WORKS WONDERS IN MOSCOW REGION Johannes Panman, a 53-year-old Dutch farmer, has recently been the subject of much controversy in this country. Two years ago, fate landed him in the Dmitrov District of the Moscow Region where he obtained a 50-year lease on some potato fields, producing very high-quality potatoes which Russia usually buys abroad for hard currency. Locals, with their trademark thoroughness, started stealing the farmer's harvest, as shown in an NTV report in late Sep tember. We asked the author of this report to share some details about the long-suffering foreigner. By Lena KUKSINA NTV, special to Moscow News Johannes Penman’s working day in Russia starts at six in the morning and ends exactly at midnight. At daybreak, he can already be seen standing, commander-like, on the captain's bridge of an imported potato harvester biting into the soil of one of the potato fields that he has leased in the Dmitrov District. The Dutchman leaves the field when a mist starts drawing over the low ground near the river. For this, the farmer left his vast farm near Amsterdam. True, he has everything running smoothly there, with clock work precision, and he does not have to worry about it. Now he is drawn to enigmatic Russia. He is helped by Jan-Wiliem Backen, a 22-year-old assistant - the same straw-colored hair, faded in the sun, and the same expensive thin-rimmed glasses covered with a thick layer of dust. Jan is a graduate of an agricultural college; he worked as an intern with Panman and then joined him to go to snowy Russia. The vast, under-cultivated country appealed to their hearts. They hope to build on their potato success story and start a dairy operation, delivering milk to Moscow plants to produce yogurts - a recent passion in Russia. Sales do not worry the Dutchmen. They are more amazed at the fact that such a huge, fertile, and well-populated country imports 70 percent of its food from abroad. The Dutchmen genuinely expect to make some money on this paradox. Agricultural laws in their motherland are harsh: a farmer may not produce milk or potatoes beyond a specified quota. In Russia, however, no one cares. You can work all you like. They will even thank you for any additional kilograms that you produce and pay you for them. There is yet another circumstance that lured the Dutch men to Russia. The Dutch government gave Panman a loan for this operation. True, the crisis that hit Russia has frozen it indefinitely. Panman does not complain, but now he has to rely only on his own resources and hope that his potatoes find a good market in Moscow. How much he will now get for them is, of course, anybody's guess. Especially given that people are stealing from Panman. They are doing this in a big way. They come with their families, with sacks and spades. It's hardly surprising. The potatoes are very good, especially when baited - at least according to local residents who shamelessly plunder Pan man's fields it broad daylight. Meanwhile, Panman rushes about in his white Lada car, trying to chase the Russians away. But he has so much land - 200 hectares and only one Panman. It's clear who will emerge the winner in this battle for the harvest. However it would be wrong to say that Penman is going it completely alone. Local muzhiks are working for him. Nonetheless, it seems that you cannot really rely on them either. If you don't watch out, a potato harvester operator, who has smuggled in a bottle of vodka in his knapsack, will take a swig or two right in the morning, and your expensive piece of Dutch hardware is ruined. Vodka is the main pastime of the local men who work for Panman. When Panman catches a drink agricultural worker red-handed for the first time, he warns him that next time he will be fired. Even so, threats do not work. Since April the Dutchman has had to kick out four local muzhiks. There is no shortage of applicants for the vacancies: Panman pays well. Furthermore, he teaches his Dutch potato-growing technology to his employees free of charge. And this techno logy is really effective: the local state farm produces 18 tones of potatoes per hectare while Penman does 35 tones. As a token of gratitude, the local employees have learned a few of the most common Dutch words. As for Johannes and his wife, who was mercilessly brought to Russia from prosperous Holland, they are taking a crash course in Russian. Richt, the courageous Dutchman's wife, sees her husband at best three to four hours a day. Still, she hopes that this is only temporary and that in winter they will find the time to go cross-country skiing together. Life in Russia gives her many problems: the little house standing in the middle of a field has no hot water or running water or central heating - only electricity. The former stewardess has to boil water in a kettle to wash or to launder. Most of the time, she can forget about the shower and other creature comforts; she goes to Dmitrov once a week, checks in at the local hotel, and wallows in a hot bath. While in town, she also stocks up on food for the week - the Panmans are afraid to eat the local stuff. Richt does not regret having moved to Russia and is ready, in her own words, to follow her husband to the end of the earth. The latter - despite the crisis that has scared all foreigners - is ready to settle down in Russia for a long time. He has even begun to build a big two-story house next to his Swedish makeshift structure. The locals come to gape at it and feel really angry when the Dutchman fails to invite them to tea. Un-Christian-like, they say. |
Похожие:
 | Рекомендовано к изданию Редакционно-издательским советом бгти (филиал) огу в качестве учебного пособия для студентов, обучающихся... |  | Программа практики «Производственная юридическая практика» / сост. С. С. Обухова. – Бузулук: бгти (филиал) огу, 2012. – 43 с |
| Уставом гоу «Оренбургский государственный университет» (далее гоу огу), Положением об итоговой государственной аттестации студентов... | | ... |
| Филиал ноу впо "санкт-петербургский институт внешнеэкономических связей, экономики и права" в г. Дзержинске | | «Юриспруденция» / Сост к ю н., доцент Бурдин К. И. – Калининград: Калининградский филиал Московского финансово-юридического университета,... |
| М – 93 Методическое пособие / Отв редактор Г. А. Гончарова. – Саратов: огу «рцоко», 2011. – 106 с | | Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов направления подготовки «Юриспруденция» (квалификация бакалавр) удк 347. 73/76 |
| Программа предназначена для преподавателей, ведущих данную учебную дисциплину, учебных ассистентов и студентов по направлению подготовки... | | Программа предназначена для преподавателей, ведущих данную дисциплину, учебных ассистентов и студентов направления 030900. 62 «Юриспруденция»,... |