Т. A. Бойцова, Л. E. Кондаурова, A. В. Соснин
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| Ex. 22 Decide whether each pair of sentences has the same meaning. Write I for identical or nearly identical, S for similar or D for completely different. At the end there will be nine of I, two of S and three of D.
Ex. 23 Underline the correct words. 1. Look at those clouds. I think it can / might / must rain. 2. That’s impossible. It can’t be / mustn’t be / may not be true. 3. Well done! You may be / must be / might be very pleased. 4. Next Thursday is a possibility. I might be / can’t be / must be free in the afternoon. 5. I’m not sure. I must not be / may not be / won’t be able to get there in time. 6. That can’t be / mustn’t be / may not be David. He’s away at a conference. 7. Lisa isn’t at her office. She can be / must be / mustn’t be on her way here. 8. Lisa hasn’t arrived yet. She should be / can be / can’t be here soon. 9. There’s someone in reception. It can be / could be / mustn’t be the engineer. 10. Sorry, I can’t / may not / might come to your presentation. I’m busy that afternoon. 11. I’m not sure where Sue is. She could be / must be / can be at lunch. 12. I’ve looked everywhere for Sue. She could be / must be / can be at lunch. Ex. 24 Match each sentence 1-7 with a similar sentence a)-g).
Ex. 25 Complete the second sentence so it has a similar meaning to the first sentence using must, might, can or can’t. 1. Deliver by the end of the month? Yes, I think it’s possible to do that. Deliver by the end of the month? Yes, I think we _____ do that. 2. It’s possible that we will lose this client. We _____ lose this client. 3. I’m sure this isn’t the right road. This _____ be the right road. 4. I’m sure you work late most nights. You _____ work late most nights. 5. It’s possible that I’ll see you tomorrow, but I’m not sure. I _____ see you tomorrow. 6. It’s possible for the new printer to print 20 sheets per minute. The new printer _____ print 20 sheets per minute. 7. I’m afraid that I’m unable to go to the Trade Fair this year. I’m afraid that I _____ go to the Trade Fair this year. 8. I suppose you are Kate Perry. How do you do? You _____ be Kate Perry. How do you do? Ex. 26 Match each sentence 1-8 with its meaning a)-d).
Ex. 27 Underline the correct words. 1. I’m very busy. Would you mind to give / giving me a hand. 2. Would you / should you help me carry these boxes, please? 3. Do you like / Would you like some more soup? 4. May I / Would I ask you a personal question? 5. How about we talk / talking to another supplier? 6. Are you having problems? Will I / Shall I help you? 7. Are you having problems? Let me / I shall help you. 8. Would I / Could I borrow your copy of the FT? 9. I think you should / you can spend less time playing golf. 10. Excuse me, could you / may you tell me which street this is? 11. Do you think could I / I could open the window? 12. Do you mind if I open / opened the window? 13. Would you mind if I open / opened the window? 14. Would you sign / Please to sign your name here? Ex. 28 Match situations 1-6 with questions a)-f).
Now match situations 7-13 with replies g)-m). You can look back at the questions in the previous part to help you.
Ex. 29 Choose the correct variant. 1. He ..… be at home. He ….. be out. should, mustn’t can, shouldn’t must, can’t must, needn’t 2. It was the principle of the tiling. People ….. to keep their words. should have ought are able 3. Are you going to read the report? No, I ..… . I already know what it says. mustn’t shouldn’t needn’t can’t 4. We haven’t got much time. We ….. hurry. must needn’t can should 5. The phone is ringing. It ….. be Jack. must can would could 6. This price is wrong. It ….. be $3.50, not $4.00. must could should would 7. You ….. have left your purse in the shop. should ought to shall could 8. Take an umbrella. It ..… rain later. might should would can 9. It’s strange that they ..… be late. must should could would 10. ..… you speak any foreign language? may can might will 11. ..… you please be quiet? I’m trying to read. should shall would can 12. Jack ..… go to hospital yesterday. must should had to has to 13. I ….. to work tomorrow. must should could have 14. I’ll ….. go now. My friends are waiting. must have to need be able to 15. Jim gave me a letter to post. I ….. remember to post it. can may must needn’t Ex. 30 Choose the correct variant. 1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He ….. be exhausted after such a long flight. must had better can 2. The book is optional. My professor said we could read it if we needed extra credit. But we ….. read it if we don't want to. cannot don’t have to must not 3. Susan ….. hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly. couldn’t can’t might not 4. The television isn't working. It ….. damaged during the move. must be must must have been 5. Kate: ….. hold your breath for more than a minute? Jack: No, I can't. Can you Are you able to Might you 6. You ….. be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their name. shouldn’t can’t don’t have to 7. I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key. The answer in the book ….. be wrong! have to must should 8. You ….. do the job if you didn't speak Japanese fluently. won’t be able to can’t couldn’t 9. You ….. worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If you don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work. shouldn’t don’t have to can’t 10. You ….. be kidding! That can't be true. have to ought to must 11. You ….. leave the table once you have finished your meal and politely excused yourself. would may might 12. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It ….. a fortune. must be costing must have cost must cost 13. ….. we move into the living room? It's more comfortable in there and there's a beautiful view of the lake. Will Shall Must 14. If I had gone white water rafting with my friends, I ….. down the Colorado River right now. would float would be floating would have floated 15. At first, my boss didn't want to hire Sam. But, because I had previously worked with Sam, I told my boss that he ….. take another look at his resume and reconsider him for the position. has to ought to must 16. You ….. take along some cash. The restaurant may not accept credit cards. had better has to can 17. The machine ….. on by flipping this switch. could be turning can be turned may turn 18. I can't stand these people – I ….. get out of here. I'm going to take off for a while while you get rid of them. had better might have got to 19. You ….. forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time. mustn’t don’t have to couldn’t 20. Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head. ….. you think once in a while before you speak? Can’t Can not Don’t can 21. Terry and Frank said they would come over right after work, so they ….. be here by 6:00. can have to should 22. Yesterday, I cram all day for my French final. I didn't get to sleep until after midnight. had to must should 23. We ….. no longer suffer the injustice of oppression! Freedom shall be ours! would shall might 24. If I had gone to the University of Miami, I ….. participated in their Spanish immersion program. could have could could be 25. The lamp ….. be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out. must not might not could not Ex. 31 Choose the correct variant. 1. Hello, ..… I speak to Tom, please? shall will can would 2. She ….. help you tomorrow. could will be able to will can is able to 3. He must ….. to Saint-Petersburg before. be been have been has been 4. Jim gave me a letter to post. I ….. remember to post it. can may must needn’t 5. Lisa ..… get bored in her job. Her job is so boring. must should would can’t 6. ..… you like a cup of coffee? will could would should 7. It was the principle of the tiling. People ….. to keep their words. should have ought are able 8. I am so angry with them. I ..… kill them! can must could should 9. I was surprised that she ..… say such rude words. must would will should 10. He is terribly fat. He ..… eat too much. mustn’t can’t should would 11. It’s strange that they ..… be late. must should could would 12. I didn’t ..… to get up early, so I didn’t. must should need ought 13. Sue ….. be able to help them. might could should shall 14. ..… you help me carry this downstairs? may should must could 15. You ….. have left your purse in the shop. should ought to shall could Ex. 32 Choose the correct variant. 1. I ...... the responsibility of looking after my younger brothers when my parents went out. A) should get B) am used to getting C) would have got D) could be getting E) would get 2. Oh no! We have no gas. Murat ...... to fill the tank. A) could have forgotten B) should have forgotten C) must have forgotten D) is supposed to have forgotten E) would have forgotten 3. Televisions were on sale yesterday and we ...... one in very reasonable instalments. A) should buy B) couldn't have bought C) don't have to buy D) were able to buy E) had better buy 4. As they have had many lessons, Medya and Pervin ....... Italian without a problem. A) might have spoken B) have had to speak C) can speak D) will be spoken E) would be speaking 5. Esma and Zehra ......... their homework today because it is a holiday at the school due to heavy snow. A) don't need to do B) couldn't have done C) had already done D) ought not to do E) would rather have done 6. I ......... your laptop next week because I have a very important presentation. A) should be taken B) may have to take C) must have been taking D) could have taken E) am to have taken 7. I enjoyed the party. Still, I'd rather .......... to the theater. A) to be going B) go C) having gone D) had gone E) have gone 8. He ......... this crime. He was with me all the night. A) can't be committing B) must have committed C) had committed D) should not commit E) couldn't have committed 9. It is dangerous to be outside at this late hour. Somebody ......... you! A) might hurt B) is hurting C) could have hurt D) would be hurting E) should hurt 10. It is defined in the constitution that all citizens ........ their taxes. A) have had to pay B) should be paid C) have to pay D) must be paying E) needn't pay OBSERVE AND REMEMBER Modal Verbs: Summary Charts 1. ‘Must’, ‘should’, ‘ought to’, ‘could’, ‘might’, ‘would’ with the Indefinite Infinitive
2. ‘Must’, ‘may’, ‘might’ and ‘could’ with the Continuous Infinitive
3. ‘Must’, may’, ‘might’, ‘should’, ‘ought to’, ‘would’, ‘can’ and ‘could’ with the Perfect Infinitive
Note 1: ‘Might’ can express reproach for, or regret about an unfulfilled action: You might do it yourself. Вы могли бы сделать это сами (относится к настоящему или будущему времени). He might have sent me the invitation earlier. Он мог бы послать мне приглашение раньше (относится к прошедшему времени). Note2: Followed by the Perfect Infinitive, ‘should’ and ‘ought to’ also express reproach for, or regret about an unfulfilled action. In the negative form, these verbs denote reproach for, or regret about something that was done in the past: You should (ought to) have greeted Вам (бы) следовало поздороваться с ним him first (but you didn't). первым (упрек по поводу действия, которое не было совершено). You shouldn't (oughtn't to) have Вам не следовало здороваться с ним greeted him first (but you did). первым (упрек и сожаление по поводу совершенного действия). Note 3: Followed by the Perfect Infinitive, ‘can’t’ and ‘couldn’t’ express surprise at, or a strong doubt about a past action: He (can’t) couldn’t have made such Не может быть, чтобы он a mistake. (I think it's impossible.) совершил такую ошибку. Неужели он совершил… ? (удивление, сомнение) 4. ‘Can’, ‘may’, ‘must’, ‘need’.
The Forms of the Infinitive | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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