Т. A. Бойцова, Л. E. Кондаурова, A. В. Соснин

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Название	Т. A. Бойцова, Л. E. Кондаурова, A. В. Соснин
страница	9/14
Тип	Учебно-методическое пособие

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CAN AND ITS EQUIVALENTS

Ex. 1 Use can or be able to. Sometimes it is possible to use either; sometimes only be able to

is possible.

Examples: George has traveled a lot. He can (or is able to) speak four languages.
I haven't been able to sleep very well lately.

Tom _____ drive, but he doesn't have a car.
I can't understand Martin. I've never _____ understand him.
I used to _____ stand on my head, but I can't do it now.
Ask Ann about your problem. She should _____ help you.

Ex. 2 Underline the correct words.

1. Do you can / Can you come to the meeting next week?

2. I can come / I can to come to the meeting next week.

3. I won’t can’t / be able to come to the meeting next week.

4. Sorry that I didn’t could / I couldn’t come to the meeting last week.

5. Sorry that I wasn’t able to / I wasn’t able come to the meeting last week.

6. What we can do / can we do?

7. I hope to can / to be able to fly directly to Dusseldorf.

8. I managed to / I could speak to Mr Reiner yesterday.

9. The hotel was OK, but I managed to / I could hear a lot of noise from the street.

10. I managed to / I could take a boat trip on Lake Leman when I was in Geneva.
Ex. 3 Complete the sentence with could.
Example: I can't sing now, but I could sing very well when I was a child.

He can't play tennis very well now, but he _____ fairly well when he was younger.
She can't run very fast now, but when she was in school she _____ faster than anyone else.
I can't swim very far these days, but ten years ago I _____ from one side of the lake to the other.

Ex. 4 Complete the sentences with can or be able to in the appropriate form.

1. The new credit card _____ be used in more than 5,000 cash machines around the country.

2. I _____ sneak away from the party without anyone noticing.

3. Once I’d got into the middle of the maze, I _(not)_ find my way out.

4. I _(not)_ carry these bags any further. I’ll have to have a rest.

5. We drove all the way to Sutton to see Tim and Sue, but when we got there, we _(not)_

remember their house number.

6. When my car broke down on the motorway, I ______ get help from a passing police officer.

7. The national park _____ only be visited with a special permit.

8. _____ play backgammon?

9. Owen miskicked the ball and the goalkeeper _____ push it around the post.

10. _____ you spell ‘onomatopoeia’?
Ex. 5 Choose the correct answer. In some sentences both the variants are possible.

1. On a clear day you _____ see five countries from the top of this hill.

a) could b) can

2. The children _____ stay up late on Fridays and Saturdays because they didn’t have to go to

school the next day.

a) could b) were allowed to

3. If the car park was full, people _____ park their cars on the nearby sports field.

a) could b) were allowed to

4. The new dam _____ result in the loss of water for villages further down the river.

a) can b) could

5. Global warming _____ mean rising sea levels worldwide.

a) can b) could

6. Visitors to the house _____ walk in the gardens as long as they kept to the paths.

a) could b) were allowed to

7. We generally take our cat on holiday with us because it _____ be difficult to find someone to

look after it.

a) can b) could

8. I hadn’t seen my brother for years and I _____ hardly wait for his train to arrive.

a) can b) could

9. Although there are a lot of international students at the university, there _____ be many from

Peru.

a) can’t b) couldn’t

10. The prisoner _____ speak to the reporters briefly before being led away.

a) could b) was allowed to

11. My grandfather has difficulty walking and _____ walk up stairs any more.

a) can’t b) couldn’t

12. Take your umbrella with you. It said there _____ heavy rain today.

a) can b) could
Ex. 6 Answer the questions with was/were able.

Example: - Did you persuade them?

- Yes. it was difficult, but we were able to persuade them.

1. - Did they find your house?

- Yes. It took them a long time, but they _____ .

2. - Did you win the match?

- Yes. It wasn't easy, but I _____ .

3. - Did the thief escape?

- Yes. The police officer chased the thief, but he _____ .
Ex. 7 Complete each sentence with could, was/were able to, or couldn't.

Examples: My grandfather was very clever. He could (or was able to) speak five

languages.

I looked everywhere for the book, but I couldn’t find it.

The fire spread quickly, but everyone was able to escape.

He had hurt his leg, so he _____ walk very well.
She wasn't at home when I called, but I _____ contact her at her office.
I looked very carefully, and I _____ see a figure in the distance.
They didn't have any tomatoes in the first store I went to, but I ____ get some in the next store.
My grandmother loved music. She _____ play the piano very well.
The boy fell into the river, but fortunately we ______ rescue him.

Ex. 8 Make suggestions. Use could.

Example: Where should we go for our vacation? (Mexico) We could go to Mexico

What should we have for dinner tonight? (fish)
When should we go and see Tom? (on Friday)
What should I give Ann for her birthday? (a book)

Ex. 9 Read the situation and write what you would say. Use the words given in parentheses (...).

Example: You've got a $ 20 bill, and you need some change. You ask somebody to help

you. (Can you...?) Can you change a $ 20 bill.

You want to borrow your friend's camera. What do you say to him/her? (Could I ... ?)

........................................................................................................................................

You have a car and you want to give somebody a lift. What do you say? (Can I ... ?)

...........................................................................................................................................

You have to go to the airport, but you don't know how to get there. You ask a passerby.

(Could you ...?)

You are telephoning the owner of an apartment that was advertised in a newspaper. You are

interested in the apartment, and you want to stop by and see it today. (Do you think I .... ?)

...........................................................................................................................................

You are at a meeting with your boss. You want to smoke a cigarette. What do you ask first?

(May I ... ?)

You want to leave work early because you have some important things to do. What do you

ask your boss? (Do you think I ... ?)

You want to invite someone to come and stay with you for the weekend. (Would you like...?)

...........................................................................................................................................

The person in the next room has some music on very loud. How do you ask him politely to

turn it down? (Do you think you ... ?)
Ex. 10 Decide how to say what you want to say.

Examples: You have to carry some heavy boxes upstairs. Ask someone to help you.

Do you think you could give me a hand with these boxes?

A friend has just come to see you in your apartment. Offer him some coffee or

tea. Can I get you some coffee or tea?

You want your friend to show you how to change the film in your camera. What do you say to him/her?

....................................................................................................................................................

You're on a train. The woman next to you has finished reading her newspaper. Now you want to look at it. What do you say? ....................................................................................................................................................
You need a match to light your cigarette. You don't have any, but the man sitting next to you has some. What do you ask him? ....................................................................................................................................................
There is a concert tonight and you are going with some friends. You think Mary would enjoy it too. Invite her.

....................................................................................................................................................

You're in the post office. You want three airmail stamps. What do you say?

...................................................................................................................................................

You are sitting on a crowded bus. There is an old lady standing. Offer her your seat. ....................................................................................................................................................
You are having a party next Saturday. Invite your friend Tim. ....................................................................................................................................................

Ex. 11 Complete the sentences with can, can’t, could, couldn’t or be able to.

1. I’m afraid I _____ help you at the moment.

2. I don’t think I’ll _____ come to the meeting.

3. The negotiations broke down because we _____ agree on the price.

4. I _____ see you were having problems, so I didn’t interrupt.

5. If you _____ make a firm order today, we should _____ ship by Friday.

6. I find Portuguese very difficult. I _____ understand it, but I _____ speak it.

7. Sorry, I ______ see you next week, but I might _____ make the week after.

8. A: Will you _____ go to the training seminar?

B: No, I _____. – I’m very busy.

9. I’m sorry I _____ come to your talk yesterday. I had to sort out a problem.

10. I _____ ski really well when I was in my twenties, but now I’m out of practice.
Ex. 12 Use could have. Answer the questions in the way shown.

Example: - Did you go to the movies?

- No. We could have gone to the movies but we decided not to.

- Did you go to the concert last night? - No. We
- Did John take the exam? - No. He
- Did you buy a new car? - No. I

Ex. 13 Write sentences with could or could have.

Examples: She doesn't want to stay with Linda. But she could stay with Linda.

She didn't want to stay with Linda. But she could have stayed with Linda.

He didn't want to help us. But he
He doesn't want to help us. But
They don't want to lend us any money. But
She didn't want to have anything to eat

Ex. 14 First read this information about Ken:

Ken doesn't know any Spanish. Ken doesn't know anything about machines.

Ken is very rich and generous. Ken can't drive.

Ken was sick on Friday night. Ken was free on Monday afternoon.

A lot of people wanted Ken to do different things last week, but they couldn't contact him. So he didn't do any of these things. Say whether he could have done or couldn't have done these things (if he had known).

Example: His aunt wanted him to drive her to the station.

He couldn’t have driven her to the station (because he can’t drive).

Ann wanted him to come to a party on Friday night.
He......................................................................because.............................................................
Jim wanted him to play tennis on Monday afternoon.

He..................................................................... because.............................................................

Sue wanted him to translate a Spanish newspaper article into English.
...........................................................................because.............................................................
Jack wanted Ken to lend him $20.

............................................................................because............................................................

Ken's mother wanted him to fix her washing machine.
............................................................................because............................................................

MUST AND ITS EQUIVALENTS
Ex. 1 Complete these sentences with must or have to (in its correct form). Sometimes it is

possible to use either; sometimes only have to is possible.

Examples: Well, it's 10:00. I must (or have to) go now.

Ann wasn't feeling well last night. She had to leave the party early.

You really_____ work harder if you want to pass that exam.
Some children _____ wear uniforms when they go to school.
Last night Don suddenly became ill. We _____ call the doctor.
Ann has _____ wear glasses since she was eight years old.
I'm afraid I can't come tomorrow. I _____ work late.
I'm sorry I couldn't come yesterday. I _____ work late.
Tom may _____ go away next week.
We couldn't repair the car ourselves. We _____ take it to a garage.
When you come to Houston again, you _____ come and see us.

Ex. 2 Make questions with have to.

Example: "Tom had to go to the police station."

"Why did he have to go to the police station?"

"Linda has to leave tomorrow." "What time exactly .............................................................."
"We had to answer a lot of questions on the exam." "How many questions..........................."
"George had to pay a parking fine." "How much ...................................................................."
"I have to get up early tomorrow." "Why ................................................................................"

Ex. 3 Make negative sentences with have to.

Example: "Did they change planes?"

"No, it was a direct flight, so they didn’t have to change planes."

1. "Did you pay to get into the concert?"

"No, we had free tickets, so we "

2. "Does Jack shave?" "No, he has a beard, so "

3. "Did you get up early this morning?"

"No, it's my day off, so "

4. "Do you work?"

"No, I'm extremely rich, so....................................................................................... "

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Т. A. Бойцова, Л. E. Кондаурова, A. В. Соснин

CAN AND ITS EQUIVALENTS

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