Т. A. Бойцова, Л. E. Кондаурова, A. В. Соснин
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Expressing Obligation According to an Agreement, Plan or ContractThe Form: to be to (present) – was to (past) The Russian equivalent: согласно, в соответствии с … The lexical equivalent: ‘as (it was) previously arranged, agreed upon’ The Company is to deliver the goods in May. The meaning: ‘To be to’ has the meaning of obligation according to the previous agreement and occurs in affirmative and interrogative sentences in the Present and Past Indefinite tenses. It is followed by the Simple Infinitive. Set phrases with ‘to be to’: 1. What am I to do? (Как мне быть?) 2. What is to become of me? (Что со мной будет?) 3. Where am I to go? (Куда же мне деваться?) ‘To be to’ is also used to say that a certain action is strongly expected from somebody according to the rules, laws, regulations, instructions, social conventions etc. Every student is to be at the meeting. It is the Dean’s order. He will accept no excuses.‘To be + the Perfect Infinitive’ is used to speak of a planned action that was not carried out.I am going there at the end of July. I was to have gone in January – it was all arranged – but a new laboratory wasn't ready yet. (Which means ‘I did not go there in January’.) Ex.I. Make up sentences by analogy. 1. The equipment is to be marked in accordance with the terms of the Contract. 2. All these documents are to be presented to the bank. 3. We are to pay for the services in dollars. 4. According to the agreement, the goods were to be delivered to London on May 8th . 5. The briefing is to begin at 7 p.m. 6. The committee is to meet tomorrow. 7. We were to have gone to the conference together, but I happened to fall ill. 8. We were to have had a lecture on American Studies last Thursday, but it was cancelled at the last moment. Ex.II Here is a list of rules. Paraphrase them using ‘to be to’. Model: No smoking. – You are not to smoke. 1. No talking. 2. Do not touch anything. 3. Move to the rear of the bus. 4. Keep right. 5. Show the pass. Continue the list of rules. Transform them into the sentences with ‘to be to’. Ex. III Comment on the use of modals in the following text. Make up a similar situation. I am a member of a club. Tomorrow I will have to pay my annual subscription. Every time I go there I am to show my membership card. I have to do this because it is a rule. But of course, I haven’t got to show it when I leave the club. It is not necessary. On the other hand, I must not forget to pay for my lunch and I must not forget to leave a tip. That is very important. Ex.IV [02] Listen to the following dialogue and analyse the use of modal verbs. ORDERS Mike: Do you think I can borrow the car tonight, Mum? Mum: No, you can't. Your father and I will be using it. We’re going to the annual general meeting at the bridge club. Mike: But they aren't holding the meeting tonight. Mum: Aren't they? How do you know? Mike: I heard Dad telling Mr. Jones it had been postponed for a month. Mum: Well, he didn't mention it to me. If that's the case you can use the car, but you are not to cram it with too many of your friends again. There must have been eight or nine of you in it last week. You'll spoil the upholstery, and besides it's against the law. Mike: Well, Pete's car had broken down, so ours was the only one available. Anyway there are only seven of us this week. Mum: That car's only meant to take five people. You are not to go far in it, or you'll break the springs. Mike: We're only going to a party at Topsham. I'll drive slowly and gently. Mum: Another of those parties! You're to be home at midnight, or your father and I will be worried to death that you've had a crash. Mike: Mum, the party will hardly have started by midnight. Just go to sleep and forget about me. Mum: If you're late in, you are not to make a noise ... And you're not to drink any alcohol or the police will stop you and you'll lose your licence. Mike: For god's sake, Mum, you must think I'm 9 years old, not 19! Ex.V Answer the following questions on the dialogue. 1. Could Mike borrow the car that night? 2. What wasn't he to do? 3. How many of them were there in the car the previous week? 4. Why did all of them have to go in one car? 5. What might happen to the car? Ask questions of your own. Ex. VI Reproduce the dialogue following the speakers’ pronunciation and intonation. Ex.VII Use in a dialogue. You are to be here at 9. Please, tell Mr. Blair he is to meet the delegation at the airport tomorrow morning. Say how the money is to be spent. 1.4 Advisability, Recommendation |
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