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part of a company’s profit paid to shareholders, usually once or twice a year a separate part or portion into which the capital of a company is divided shares, stocks, debentures and bonds Exercise 14. Describe the way a company functions from the incorporation to the termination. Exercise 15. Make a presentation on one of the following topics: «Business organizations in the UK», «Business organizations in the USA», «Business organizations in Russia». UNIT 16. LABOUR LAW Vocabulary Exercise 1. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with the words given below. Translate the sentences into Russian. To employ Employment contract To be permanently/ temporarily Employment conditions employed Unemployment rate Full-time employee Fringe benefits Part-time employee Child benefit Blue-collar Unemployment benefit White-collar Invalidity benefit To recruit Sickness benefit To dismiss Maternity benefit To make smb redundant Social security Employer Insurance Employment opportunities Trade union
_____ the calibre of inspectors it wants on salaries starting at about £15,000.
anyone for not being a union member.
payments for thousands of people provoked a political storm last night.
10. The numbers of ________ foreigners are estimated to have increased five-fold last year. 11. Price Waterhouse has already ____ about 320 ______ since the start of the recession. 12. Regulations from Brussels deal with a vast range of topics such as ___, industrial safety, social security, immigration, taxation and others. 13. Since April 1986, the whole of the twenty-eight weeks of _______ has been the responsibility of employers. 14. ________ engineers and scientists and technicians are mainly engaged upon fixed contracts. 15. The ______ threatened strike action if its demands were not met. 16. The travel agent recommended that I take out travel ____. 17. Under common law, an _____ is by its nature a contract for personal services. 18. We employ five _______ receptionists. 19. The ____ last month was unchanged from the February level of 7.3 %. 20. With ________ included their income has been increased from £124.20 to £148.62 a week. Discussion Exercise 2. What issues does labour/ employment law cover? Exercise 3. Answer the questions.
Reading and Speaking Exercise 4. Read the text and answer the questions. There are fewer employment laws in Japan than in many Western countries. Few workers are given clear job descriptions or written contracts and it is unusual for an employee to take legal action against his employer. The main law about sexual discrimination simply asks employers to make efforts to reduce discrimination, without imposing clear duties or penalties. However, as in other aspects of Japanese society, it is not clear if the low level of legal activity necessarily means that employees have fewer rights. It certainly seems to be the case that workers have to work very long hours and often do not ask for overtime payment. Despite the current labor shortage, which has encouraged employers to hire women to do more responsible and better paid work than before, very few women enjoy equal employment opportunities. In addition, many jobs remain closed to workers of non-Japanese origin, even those who have lived all their lives in Japan. On the other hand, Japanese workers enjoy more security than many employees in western countries. Once hired, they are unlikely to be dismissed. Insurance benefits and recreational facilities are usually made available to them by their companies, and many workers are able to live in big cities only because their employers provide low-cost accommodation for them. One legal development in Japan which has yet to spread to western countries is law suits against the employers of workers who had died of karoushi—not a specific accident in the workplace or industrial-related disease, but general stress brought about by overwork. In 1992, the widow of a Mitsui Company employee was awarded ¥30 million in compensation after a court learned that her husband had been spending 103 days a year away from home on stressful business trips before his sudden death.
Exercise 5. Make a presentation on the topic UNIT 17. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY Discussion Exercise 1. Answer the following questions.
Exercise 2. What are the IP rights of the following corporation? Corporation HighUp produces sports equipment for hikers and mountaneers: rucksacks, tents, camp furniture, grills, special tools, compasses and electronic navigation systems. The company also publishes a popular magazine for hikers and mountaneers. They've recently launched the exclusive series of super tents and some high-tech tools. The company also runs a developing chain of hotels - HighUp Inn. Reading and Speaking Exercise 3. Read the text «IP in Cyberspace» and explain the meaning of the words which are given in bold. Intellectual Property in Cyberspace Many legal issues arise in cyberspace, but no other single area of law presents such a variety of interesting and diverse legal problems. This is true in no small part due to the fact that people all over the world are increasingly becoming connected via the global telecommunications networks. As Internet usage grows, new legal questions associated with the technology continue to surface, as do certain bitter and painful business realities. The sad but simple truth is that digital communications and the digitization of information of all types make the infringement of intellectual property rights, particularly copyrights and trademarks, easier than ever before. For support of this statement one need look no farther than the myriad of examples of copyright piracy that are plaguing the Internet. The music industry is facing significant problems that were thrust upon it by Napster and other music sharing web sites. Likewise, piracy of computer software has risen to an alarming level, and continues to affect even those large companies that are best equipped to mount a campaign against these counterfeiters. The stories about software piracy are certainly only increasing in number and the damage suffered by the industry is staggering. By way of example, the software industry estimates that if software piracy in the United States were eliminated, and reduced abroad, the industry as a whole would produce an additional 1 million jobs by 2005 and contribute $25 billion in tax revenues. In addition to the copyright and trademark issues present on the net, patent law is also becoming a concern. In 1998 the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit began allowing business method patents, a type of invention never before patentable. With the growth of the Internet and electronic commerce real world and dot com companies rushed to patent all kinds of business models and methods for conducting business via the Internet. These e-commerce patents are a little bit business method and a little bit software patent, and are causing great concern for entrepreneurs and small businesses who are finding themselves paying royalties for patents that may well be obvious. Moreover, the Internet has not spared trade secret law either. Perhaps less of a trade secret problem and more of a criminal problem, hackers are gaining access to the most sensitive secrets of US companies. Exercise 4. Answer the following questions to the text.
Exercise 5. Make a presentation on the topic «IP types». UNIT 18. HUMAN RIGHTS Vocabulary Exercise 2. Paraphrase the sentences given below using the words from the Vocabulary section.
Discussion Exercise 3. Discuss the following questions.
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