Task I
Fill in the words:
an apprenticeship courses range a university contribute GCSE secondary vocational two prefer opportunities continue A-level exams get back option particular a student loan
Finishing _____________school is an important time in the life of each teenager. You should think over your _________after the exams. British teenagers take _________at the age of 16. Then they have several options. They can go to a school sixth form and ________their education. It is comfortable because you learn in familiar place with teachers that you know and have a lot of friends. But some teenagers ________going to a sixth form college because it offers a wider _____of subjects and options for students. School sixth form and sixth form college take ______years. They prepare students for____________. You need them to enter___________. Some teenagers can’t afford to continue their education because their families need them to ________to the family income. They can go to _________courses that teaches skills you need to do a _________job. Another way is to go to a company that offers________________. Some companies give an opportunity to do flexible or evening____________. So you can develop and get a promotion. Time off from education may make you think what you really want to study. If you want to ________to studying, you can get ___________that you pay back later. There are a lot of ways and ______________after finishing school. But it is up for you to decide and to choose.
Task II
Прочитайте текст об экстремальных видах спорта. Установите соответствие между вопросами A-D и пронумерованными абзацами текста 1-3. Используйте каждую букву только один раз. В задании есть один лишний вопрос.
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A. Extreme sports become increasingly popular because of punk culture and fashion.
B. Many sports demonstrate daring tricks and are connected with special culture.
C. Snowboarding was introduces into Olympics due to X Games.
D. A winter extreme sport requires a specially designed board.
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1. Developed in the 1960s, snowboarding is believed to have originated in the US, where several inventors explored the idea of surfing on the snow. The sport quickly developed, and the early boards were replaced by designs that are specialized to meet the demands of different competitions. The basic design is a board to which the rider’s feet are attached with bindings. The size and shape of a board varies according to its use and the size of the snowboarder.
2. The term extreme sports is generally attributed to the X Games, a made-for-television sports festival created by the cable network ESPN in 1995. The success of the X Games raised the profile of these sports. The extreme sports of mountain biking and snowboarding debuted at the Summer and Winter Olympic Games in 1996 and 1998, respectively.
3. The primary extreme sports - skateboarding, in-line roller-skating, and BMX, for example - often use half-pipes and urban landscapes to perform a wide range of tricks. The sports also share a unique subculture that separates them from traditional team sports. This youth-oriented culture embraces punk music and fashion and emphasizes individual creativity.
Task III
Fill in the gaps in the text with the correct form of the words.
Self-care
We live in the era of 1________________ advances in “self-care”.
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IMPORTANCE
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What you need is new information. There is so much you can learn to have a 2________________ life. Then you can fulfill your needs in health easily and routinely as part of your normal way of life.
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HEALTH
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It is more and more obvious that 3________________ kinds of treatment and cures in the world cannot bring lasting health if you are not willing to live an existence without diseases.
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DIFFER
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Years of physical damage – smoking, drinking, overeating, the wrong food, lack of rest or exercise – can only interfere with good health. Emotional instability is also incompatible with good health. And when the result is ill health, drugs are only 4________________ aids.
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ADDITION
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To repair the damage of disease, or more to the point, to prevent it, you must live more 5________________
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CARE
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It is possible that you know this already. But you must also know how to use that instinctive 6________________
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KNOW
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Task IV
Have you ever thought about your future career? What are you going to be?
What opportunities are there for a Russian teenager after finishing the 9th Form?
Do you go in for sport? How can sport help a person? What negative points are there?
What is your attitude to extreme sport?
Проверочная работа № 3.
1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английский слов и выражений:
1. quantity a. жёсткий(жёсткость)
2. alloy b. углерод
3. carbon c. растяжение
4. substance d. поломка
5. tough(ness) e. количество
6. hard(ness) f. ковкость
7. ductility g. разрыв
8. malleability h. прочность
9. tension i. вязкость
10. compression j. сплав
11. rupture k. твёрдый(твёрдость)
12. strength l. сжатие
13. braking m. вещество
2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:
Metal, industry, industrial, absolutely, laboratory, steel, elastic, mechanical, result, atom, atomic, structure, special, temperature.
3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:
Metals.
1. Mankind has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities but only now they are employed in really great quantities.
2. Today we know more than seventy metals, the majority of which are used in industry.
3. Of all the metals iron is the most important one. Absolutely pure iron is never prepared except for laboratory purposes. The irons and steels in use today are really alloys of iron, carbon and other substances. They can be made elastic, tough, hard, or comparatively soft.
4. Mechanical properties of metals are the result of their atomic structure. They include hardness, ductility and malleability which are of special importance in engineering.
5. Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.
Malleability is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed by compression without rupture.
6. These properties are similar to each but not the same. Most metals increase these properties at temperatures.
7. The strength of a metal is the property of resistance to external loads and stress.
8. These mechanical properties are of great importance in industrial purposes because all parts and units made of iron and steel must meet up-to-date demands.
4. Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 3, 4, 5, 7.
5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:
Вопросы
1. What is the most important metal?
2. What mechanical properties of metal do you know?
3. What is strength?
4. What is ductility?
5. What is malleability?
Ответы
a. The capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.
b. Iron.
c. The capacity of a metal to be deformed by compression without rupture.
d. The property of a metal to resist to external loads.
e. Hardness, ductility and malleability.
6. Закончите предложения, выбрав соответствующий вариант окончания:
1. The most important metal in use today is… a) carbon;
b) iron;
c) some other metals.
2. Ductility is the capacity of a metal… a) to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking;
3. Malleability is the capacity of a metal… b) to be permanently deformed by compression without rupture;
4. The strength of a metal is the property… c) to resist to external loads and stress.
Задание 1
This is a workshop. Two students are here. They are Sveta and Oleg. They are electricians. A tool board is in the middle of the workshop. Many tools are on the tool board. They are chisels, screwdrivers, a pair of pliers, a set of spanners, ets.
A safety-notice is above the tool board. A bench is on the left and a shelf is on the right. There are many nails, nuts and screws on the shelf. They are large and small. A hammer is not on the shelf, it is on the bench. A switch is between the bench and the shelf. Sveta is to the right of the bench. Oleg is on the other side of the workshop just opposite the tool board.
1. What is it?
2. Where is the tool board?
3. Where are the tools?
4. What are they?
5. What is there above the tool board?
Задание 2. Прочитайте текст профессиональной направленности и переведите его на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы, данные к тексту.
Scientists consider that the oldest tools that are known to the mankind are 2600000 years old. They were used by people in manual operations and that is why they were called hand tools. By the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, people had already made simple hand tools for cutting and shaping different materials. But in the 18th century there appeared machine tools that made mass production a reality in the 19th century. A machine tool is a power-driven machine that is used to perform different operations with metal or other material. Basic machine tools use mechanical power to bend, cut, and drill metal into desired shapes. More advanced machine tools use such power sources as electrical or chemical, heat, magnetism and ultrasound.
1. How old are the oldest tools?
2. Where were they used by people?
3. Why were they called so?
4. When did the first machine tools appear?
5. What is a machine tool?
Задание 3. Прочитайте текст профессиональной направленности и переведите его на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы, данные к тексту.
This is a workshop. It is not very large but it’s very light and cozy. There is a tool board, a bench and a table. The bench is below the tool board and the table is to the right of the bench. Therе is a hammer on the bench. There are spanners on the table. There is a box with nuts and nails too. They are of different size. There is a pair of pliers on the tool board. There is a cable on the floor between the table and the bench. The floor in the workshop is made of concrete. There are bricks under the table. Students have practical work in the workshop. It’s useful for their future profession. It’s necessary to follow safety rules in the workshop.
1. What is there in the workshop?
2. What is there in the box?
3. Where is the box?
4. What is there under the table?
5. Why do students have practical work there?
Задание 4. Прочитайте текст профессиональной направленности и переведите его на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы, данные к тексту.
Welding can be dangerous. Any of these accidents might happen to you: you could be blinded by sparks; you could get an electric shock, your face, body, arms, legs or feet could be burnt; there could be a fire in the workshop. That’s why it’s absolutely necessary to wear protective clothing. A mask or helmet must be worn in electric arc welding. In gas welding goggles can be used. Clothes must be kept dry and clean. Thick, heavy boots must be worn. They must be made of some insulating material such as rubber. Gloves, apron and a cap must be worn. Overalls must have long sleeves and no pockets or cuffs. The floor in the workshop is made of concrete. There must be a metal container on the floor for the sparks.
1. Why is welding dangerous?
2. What is necessary to do to protect yourself?
3. Why must you keep clothes dry?
4. What material must boots be made of?
5. Why do you need a metal container on the floor?
Задание 5. Прочитайте текст профессиональной направленности и переведите его на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы, данные к тексту.
Nowadays machine tools play an important role in the manufacture of almost all metal products. Machinists use them in making automobiles, radios, refrigerators, television sets and so on. Every mechanical workshop is equipped with machine tools. They are the main source for the manufacture of component parts of all machines and mechanical devices. There are about 500 kinds of machine tools. Some perform a single operation, such as drilling. Others, called machining centers, carry out several kinds of tasks.
1. Why are machine tools very important nowadays?
2. Where are they used?
3. How many kinds of machine tools are there?
4. What operations do they perform?
5. Why are machining centers called so?
Задание 6. Прочитайте текст профессиональной направленности и переведите его на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы, данные к тексту.
Every mechanical workshop is equipped with machine tools. They are the main source for the manufacture of component parts of all machines and mechanical devices. There are about 500 kinds of machine tools. Some perform a single operation, such as drilling. Others, called machining centers, carry out several kinds of tasks. These numerous machine tool types fall into two categories. The first group is called “metal-cutting”, the second – “metal-forming”. The machine tools of this group remove some material from the work piece and they are much stronger than the work piece itself. The examples of metal-cutting machines are lathes and drill presses.
1. What is mechanical shop equipped with?
2. How many kinds of machine tools are there?
3. What operations do they perform?
4. Why are machining centers called so?
5. What machine tools can be called metal-cutting?
Задание 7. Прочитайте текст профессиональной направленности и переведите его на русский язык. Ответьте на вопросы, данные к тексту.
Steel is known as an alloy of iron and about 2% or less carbon. Pure iron is soft, ductile and malleable, useful only as an ornamental material. However, the addition of carbon hardens it greatly and changes its properties. Steels for special applications may contain other alloying elements beside carbon. This modifies and improves the physical properties of the base steel. For example, small percentages of nickel, chromium, manganese and vanadium may be used for strengthening steels for construction work. Heat treatment and mechanical working at cold or hot temperatures may also give steel alloys superior qualities, such as strength, hardness, toughness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, electrical resistivity and workability.
1. What is steel?
2. How does the addition of carbon modify steel?
3. What may steel for special applications contain?
4. Where is it used?
5. What qualities may heat treatment and mechanical working give steel alloys? |
