Семестр
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Вариант 1IV семестр I. Прочитайте и переведите текст (устно). Engineering is the science, skill, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge, in order to design and also build structures, machines, devices, systems, materials and processes. The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development has defined "engineering" as:”The creative application of scientific principles to design or develop structures, machines, apparatus, or manufacturing processes, or works utilizing them singly or in combination; or to construct or operate the same with full cognizance of their design; or to forecast their behavior under specific operating conditions; all as respects an intended function, economics of operation or safety to life and property”. One who practices engineering is called an engineer, and those licensed to do so may have more formal designations such as Professional Engineer, Chartered Engineer, Incorporated Engineer, Ingenieur or European Engineer. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized sub disciplines, each with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology. Engineering has existed since ancient times as humans devised fundamental inventions such as the pulley, lever, and wheel. Each of these inventions is consistent with the modern definition of engineering, exploiting basic mechanical principles to develop useful tools and objects. The term engineering itself has a much more recent etymology, deriving from the word engineer, which itself dates back to 1325, when an engine'er (literally, one who operates an engine) originally referred to "a constructor of military engines." The word "engine" itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving from the Latin ingenium , meaning "innate quality, especially mental power, hence a clever invention”. II. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на вопросы к тексту. 1. How is the term “engineering” defined in the text? a) the skill to create unusual things; b) the science, skill, and profession of acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge; c) the profession of formulating theories for their future application. 2. What can created with the help of engineering?
3. What is a sub discipline? a) The one, which includes a broad range of application. b) The one with a more specific emphasis on certain fields of application and particular areas of technology. c) The one with an emphasis on different fields of application and various areas of technology. III. Закончите предложения по содержанию прочитанного текста. 4. The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development has defined "engineering" as:____ a) The creative application of scientific principles b) The scientific application of creative principles c) The creation of scientific principles 5. The word "engine" itself is of even older origin, ultimately deriving from the Latin ingenium , meaning________.
6. Engineering has existed ________. a) for 100 years; b) since ancient times; c) since Middle Ages. IV. Подберите эквивалент к данному русскому слову или словосочетанию . 7 .приобретать
8. конструировать
10. блок (механизм)
11. применять
12. имущество
13. изобретение
V. Выберите соответствующее определение данным словам из текста .
14. build 15. devices 16. constructive 17. competence 18. put knowledge to use 19. predict 20. intellect 21. job conditions VI. Прочитайте предложения и укажите соответствует ли данное утверждение действительности: если соответствует напишите после предложения T- true, если не соответствует то F-false, при этом письменно подтвердите ваш ответ примером из текста. 22. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of more specialized sub disciplines. 23. Engineering is the creative application of scientific principles for many purposes. 24. The word "engine" is derived from the Greek word. VII. Выберите правильную видовременную форму глагола. 25. Engineering ______ knowledge to design and build devices, structures, machines.
26.The term "engineering" _______ by The American Engineers' Council for Professional Development.
27. One who practices engineering _______an engineer.
28. The word "engine" itself _______ of older origin.
29. The mentioned inventions __________with the modern definition of engineering.
VIII. Заполните пропуски предлогами (где необходимо). 30. Engineering is the science, skill, and profession ___ acquiring and applying scientific, economic, social, and practical knowledge.
31. Each sub discipline shows the specific emphasis ____ certain fields of application and particular areas of technology.
32. Engineer was the one who operates ___an engine. a) - b) in c) to IX. Заполните пропуски прилагательным или наречием в нужной форме. 33. The word "engine" is of even _____ origin, than the world “engineer”.
34. One of ________human invention is a wheel.
35. The broad discipline of engineering encompasses a range of_________ sub disciplines.
X. Переведите текст письменно. Electrical engineering can trace its origins in the experiments of Alessandro Volta in the 1800s, the experiments of Michael Faraday, Georg Ohm and others and the invention of the electric motor in 1872. The work of James Maxwell and Heinrich Hertz in the late 19th century gave rise to the field of electronics. The later inventions of the vacuum tube and the transistor further accelerated the development of electronics to such an extent that electrical and electronics engineers currently outnumber their colleagues of any other engineering specialty. The inventions of Thomas Savery and the Scottish engineer James Watt gave rise to modern mechanical engineering. The development of specialized machines and their maintenance tools during the industrial revolution led to the rapid growth of mechanical engineering both in its birthplace Britain and abroad. John Smeaton was the first self-proclaimed civil engineer, and often regarded as the "father" of civil engineering. He was an English civil engineer responsible for the design of bridges, canals, harbours and lighthouses. Контрольная работа №4 по английскому языку для студентов всех технических специальностей заочного отделения |
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