МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ, НАУКИ И МОЛОДЕЖИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КРЫМ
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КРЫМ
«СИМФЕРОПОЛЬСКИЙ ТЕХНИКУМ железнодорожного транспорта И ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ»
МЕТОДИЧЕСКая разработка для ВЫПОЛНЕНИя самостоятельных РАБОТ
по дисциплине ОГСЭ.03: «иностранный язык»
Для специальностей:
08.02.01 Строительство и эксплуатация зданий и сооружений;
08.02.10 Строительство железных дорог, путь и путевое хозяйство. 23.02.01 Организация перевозок и управление на транспорте (по видам).
23.02.04 Техническая эксплуатация подъемно-транспортных, строительных, дорожных машин и оборудования (по отраслям).
38.02.01 Экономика и бухгалтерский учет (по отраслям).
2016г.
Организация-разработчик: Государственное бюджетное профессиональное образовательное учреждение Республики Крым «Симферопольский техникум железнодорожного транспорта и промышленности».
Рассмотрено на заседании предметной (методической) комиссии общего гуманитарного и социально-экономического цикла
Протокол №_______ от _______
Председатель предметной (методической)
комиссии_______ __________________
Утверждено на заседании методического совета протокол №__ от ________
Зам.директора по НМР_______________
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ
Введение
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4
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Методические рекомендации по выполнению самостоятельных работ (внеаудиторного домашнего чтения), словарь, вопросы для самопроверки.
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6
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Перечень тем и текстов самостоятельных работ, словарь, вопросы для самопроверки.
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8
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Литература
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73
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Введение
Иностранный язык рассматривается как средство общения и приобретения опыта, в том числе профессионального. Иностранному языку отводится значительная роль в выполнении общеобразовательных задач, повышении образовательного и культурного уровня личности обучающегося и его дальнейшего развития.
Курс иностранного языка в среднем специальном учебном заведении должен завершить формирование основ владения иностранным языком, начатое в средней общеобразовательной школе, и заложить основы практического владения иностранным языком в своей профессии и в целом делового аспекта английского языка.
Целью обучения иностранному языку в среднем специальном учебном заведении является практическое овладение обучающимися английским языком, что предполагает у них по завершении курса обучения наличие ряда умений в различных видах речевой деятельности.
В области устной речи:
умение участвовать в несложной беседе на темы повседневной жизни, учебы, отдыха обучающихся и знание речевого этикета;
умение выражать свои мысли в устной форме по пройденной тематике с использованием активно усвоенных грамматических правил, а также по темам, относящимся к учебно-производственной деятельности обучающегося и его будущей специальности, в рамках определенной лексики;
понимать на слух речь, содержащую усвоенный языковый материал.
В зависимости от подготовки обучающихся в процессе обучения учебные речевые действия изменяются от элементарной беседы до беседы с элементами монологической речи и др.
В области чтения:
умение читать со словарем тексты страноведческого, общенаучного характера и тематики, связанные с профессией обучающегося;
умение читать без словаря тексты, содержащие диалоги по пройденной тематике.
В области письма:
уметь правильно писать слова и словосочетания, входящие в лексический минимум, определенный программой;
уметь с помощью словаря изложить в письменной форме содержание текста.
Виды учебного общения включают следующие задачи:
достичь уровня владения иностранным языком, предусмотренного программой средней общеобразовательной школы;
унифицировать полученные в школе умения и навыки чтения и устной речи в наиболее расширенном языковом материале.
Минимум речевого материала: содержание текста для чтения должно отражать учебные ситуации и тематику, относящиеся к описанию учебно-производственной деятельности обучающегося, страноведческой и бытовой тематике.
Минимум грамматического материала: артикль как признак существительного, формальные признаки существительного, множественное число существительных, притяжательный падеж существительных, местоимения, неопределенные местоимения some, any, nо и их производные, употребление степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий, числительные, глаголы в Present, Past, Future Indefinite; Present, Past, Future Continuous; Present, Past, Future Perfect.
Содержание и организация самостоятельной работы обучающегося включает в себя:
Развитие умения самостоятельно совершенствовать знания иностранного языка.
Расширение на практике речевого общения.
Развитие творческих способностей обучающихся.
Виды самостоятельной работы:
Учебные задания на занятиях.
Внеаудиторное (домашнее) чтение.
Текущий контроль за знаниями проводится после каждого цикла, семестра. В задачи контроля входят объективная характеристика речевого общения и самоконтроль (вопросы для самоконтроля). Семестровая оценка ставится по итогам текущей успеваемости, итоговой контрольной работы, выполнения самостоятельных работ (внеаудиторного домашнего чтения).
МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ ПО ВЫПОЛНЕНИЮ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ (ВНЕУАДИТОРНОГО ДОМАШНЕГО ЧТЕНИЯ).
Основные практические цели обучения иностранному языку состоят в том, чтобы совершенствовать и развивать умения и навыки устрой речи обучающихся, научить их читать адаптированную литературу, понимать иностранную речь, уметь пользоваться словарем.
Для улучшения усвоения знаний и овладения определенными умениями и навыками при изучении иностранного языка необходимо активизировать познавательную и мыслительную деятельность обучающихся. Важным средством активизации обучающихся в процессе обучения иностранному языку является правильно организованная самостоятельная работа дома, которая развивает мышление обучающихся, вырабатывают трудолюбие.
Самостоятельная работа обучающихся должна быть составной частью работы обучающихся над изучением языка дома.
Для лучшего усвоения всех аспектов иностранного языка необходимо соблюдать определенную последовательность в проведении самостоятельной работы над изучением учебного материала:
- работа над произношением и чтением;
- работа над грамматическим материалом;
- работа над лексикой;
- работа над развитием навыков устной речи;
- работа над чтением и переводом текста.
Необходимо помнить и знать, что правильное произношение и чтение имеют первостепенное значение для овладения языком. Знания и навыки, приобретенные на занятие, должны закрепиться в процессе самостоятельной работы.
Самостоятельная работа над грамматикой способствует закреплению знаний и более глубокому усвоению грамматического материала, пройденного ранее и систематически пройденных тем.
Для овладения иностранным языком обучающийся должен приобрести определенный запас слов и научиться им пользоваться. Работа над лексикой развивает сообразительность и способность точно выражать свою мысль. Она также включает в себя умение пользоваться словарем. Для этого обучающемуся необходимо самостоятельно разобраться в образовании слов, находить корень, приставку, суффикс и т.д.
При работе над чтением и переводом текста обучающийся в первую очередь должен обратить внимание на заголовок текста (он дает представление о содержании текста). Затем необходимо бегло прочитать весь текст, чтобы получить общее представление о его содержании. После этого текст читается в более медленном темпе, чтобы отделить понятное от непонятного и остановиться на трудных предложениях.
Особое место в работе по самостоятельному переводу незнакомого текста занимает умение пользоваться словарем. Если в тексте много незнакомых слов, необходимо взять словарь. Но если вы увидели много знакомых слов и словосочетаний, которые позволяют понять общий смысл, не нужно обращаться к словарю – лучше попытаться вспомнить значением незнакомых слов и уже потом посмотреть в словарь для проверки. Пользуясь словарем, обучающийся должен знать алфавит и значение всех сокращений в словаре, уметь отыскать слово в словаре. Обучающийся должен, отыскивая нужное слово в словаре, знать, что слова даются в их основных формах, то есть существительное – в единственном числе, глагол – в неопределенной форме. Выбирать необходимо наиболее подходящие по смыслу значение слова.
Систематическая самостоятельная работа развивает умение применять иностранный язык на практике, вырабатывает навыки говорения, чтения, развивает мышление, вырабатывает трудолюбие и дисциплину.
ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ ТЕМ И ТЕКСТОВ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНЫХ РАБОТ, СЛОВАРЬ, ВОПРОСЫ ДЛЯ САМОПРОВЕРКИ.
1 КУРС.
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1:
ТЕМА: «Театр. Мое отношение к театру».
Д.8 с.229-230 (Лычко Л.Я, Новоградская - Морская Н.А., Халецкая А.А. Для поступающих в высшие учебные заведения. 2001).
Словарь-минимум:
-to be busy with – быть занятым
-to be on- быть в репертуаре
- in advance- заранее
- spare ticket – лишний билет
- to be boring – быть скучным
- the first night – премьера
- audience- зрители
- cast- состав исполнителей
- seat- место
- stage – сцена
-row- ряд
-to anticipate – ожидать
- forthcoming –предстоящий
- the wings –занавес
- plot –сюжет
- jesture-жест
- storm of applause- буря аплодисментов
- to recollect- вспоминать
- to be worth doing smth –стоит что-либо делать.
Вопросы для самопроверки:
Do you often go to the theatre?
Do you prefer to watch a good play on TV or to go to the theatre?
When did you go to the theatre last?
Did you buy tickets in advance?
Where were your seats?
Did you like the ballet?
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2:
ТЕМА: «Посещение музеев».
Д.8 с. 221-222 (Лычко Л.Я, Новоградская - Морская Н.А., Халецкая А.А. Для поступающих в высшие учебные заведения. 2001).
Словарь-минимум:
-to arrange-устраивать
-B.C. (Before Christ)-до нашей эры
- A.D. (Anno Domini) –наша эра
- valuable articles –ценные предметы
- alloy-сплав
- unique –уникальный
- specimen-образец
- to engrave-гравировать
- head-dress-головной убор
- garment-предмет одежды
- solar signs-изображения солнца
- ancient tribes-древние племена
- burial-захоронение
- gospel –евангелие
- enamel-эмаль
- filigree-филигранная работа
- precious-драгоценный
- pearl-жемчуг
- craftsman-мастер, художник
Вопросы для самопроверки:
Do you often go to museums?
When did you go to a museum last?
When was the “Museum of Historical Valuables” founded?
What articles are exhibited in this museum?
Where is the museum situated?
Who built it?
What exposition opens the museum? What can you tell about it?
Where were the articles for this museum taken from?
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 3:
ТЕМА: «Третьяковская галерея».
The Tretyakov Gallery
Moscow is replete with art galleries and museums. Yet their is one gallery that remains a symbol of Russian art. It is the world-famous Tretyakov Gallery.
The founder of the gallery was the entrepreneur Pavel Tretyakov (1832—1898), who was from the merchant class. Beginning in 1856, Tretyakov had a hobby of collecting works by the Russian artists of his time. He was a famous patron of the arts who helped to support the “peredvizhniki” (a movement consisting of realistic painters in the second half of the 19th century). Toward this goal, he intended to purchase a collection from a St. Petersburg collector, Fyodor Pryanishnikov, and, having added his own collection, created a museum. The government bought Pryanishnikov’s gallery in 1867, but Tretyakov gradually acquired an excellent collection, exceeding all other collections in Russia in its volume and quality.
In 1892, Pavel Tretyakov donated his entire collection to Moscow. His brother Sergey Tretyakov (1834—1892) was also a collector, but only of Western European paintings.
The brothers’ collections were at the core of the Moscow Municipal Art Gallery, which opened on August 15, 1893. At first, it contained 1,287 paintings and 518 pieces of graphic art by Russian artists, as well as 75 paintings by Western European artists.
Later, the Western European paintings in the Tretyakov Gallery were transferred to the Hermitage and the A. S. Pushkin Museum of Fine Aits, and the Tretyakov Gallery began to specialize exclusively in Russian art.
After 1918, the Tretyakov collection grew many times with the inclusion of the collection of Ilya Ostroukhov (1858—1929), an artist, paintings of the Russian school from the Moscow Rumyantsev Museum, and many private collections.
Presently, the gallery is being improved by carefully planned purchases. Already more than 55 thousand works are kept there . There is the rich collection of ancient Russian icon painting of the 12th— 17th centuries including Andrei Rublyov’s famous “Trinity”, as well as significant works of painting and sculpture of the 18th — 19th centuries — paintings by Dmitriy Levitskiy, Fyodor Rokotov, Karl Bryullov, Orest Kiprenskiy, Alexander Ivanov (including his well-known canvas “The Appearance of Christ Before the People”), Ivan Kramskoy, and sculptures by Fedot Shubin.
The gallery has an excellent selection of the best works by the “peredvizhniki”: Ilya Repin (including “Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan”), Victor Vasnetsov, Ivan Shishkin, Vasiliy Surikov (“The Morning of the Strelets Execution”), Vasiliy Vereshchagin and others.
The blossoming of many areas of Russian art at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries is also well represented.
Suffice it to name such artists of the period as Mikhail Vrubel, Isaak Levitan, Nicholas Rerikh, Alexander Benua, Mikhail Nesterov, Konstantin Korovin, Mstislav Dobuzhinskiy, Konstantin Somov, Valentin Serov, Boris Kustodiev and Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin. After the relatively short period of the 1910s— 1920s, new movements in art — futurism, cubism, etc. — were quickly developed.
Such an artistic movement as socialist realism also produced a number of talented and original artists. This trend is represented by works of Alexander Deineka, Arkadiy Plastov, Yuri Pimenov, Dmitriy Nalbandyan, and others.
The main building of the gallery includes the renovated Tretyakov home and several buildings that were attached to it at various times. The main facade of the building was erected in 1902 according to plans by the artist Victor Vasnetsov.
In 1994, the Tretyakov Gallery opened after 10 years of 1 restoration. This was not just a facelift to the building; the interior and technical equipment were brought up to the highest standards of quality, which is as it should be, since it contains so many treasures of Russian art.
Словарь-минимум:
replete — наполненный
entrepreneur — предприниматель
patron— покровитель
to intend [in'tend] — намереваться
to purchase — покупать
to acquire— приобретать
to exceed [ik'si:d] — превышать, превосходить
volume— объем, количество
to donate [dou'neit] — передавать в дар
entire [in'taia] — полный, целый, весь
exclusively [iks'klu:sivli] — исключительно, только
inclusion— включение, присоединение
futurism— футуризм
cubism ['kjubizm] — кубизм
facade [fa'sa:d] — фасад
facelift ['feislift] — внешнее обновление, косметический ремонт (здания)
Вопросы для самопроверки:
What gallery in Moscow is a symbol of Russian art?
Who was the founder of the gallery?
What did he make his hobby?
Whom did he support?
What did P. Tretyakov intend to do?
Who bought Pryanishnikov’s gallery in 1867?
What did P. Tretyakov do with his collection in 1892?
His brother Sergey Tretyakov was a collector of Western European paintings, wasn’t he?
When was the Moscow Municipal Art Gallery opened?
What did it contain at first?
Where were the Western European paintings transferred?
The Tretyakov collection grew many times after 1918, didn’t it?
How is the gallery being improved now?
How many works are kept there now?
What collections are extremely rich and beautiful in the gallery?
Are new art movements of the 1910s—1920s represented in the gallery?
When was the main facade of the gallery erected? According to whose plans was it erected?
When was the Tretyakov Gallery opened after 10 years of restoration? What does its interior look like after the restoration?
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 4:
ТЕМА: «Эрмитаж».
The Hermitage
One of the world-wide known museums is the Hermitage. The word «Hermitage» means «a place of solitude». This name was given in the XVIII century by Catherine II to her private museum housed in a small building adjacent to the Winter Palace and accessible only to the chosen few.
In the course of time, the Hermitage grew into one of the greatest museums of the world. At the present, the collections take up five interconnected buildings. The museum retains its old name.
The accumulation of artifacts let to the formation of new departments devoted to the culture and art of the Peoples of the East, of the Prehistoric culture, and of the Russian culture. Three other departments are those of Western European art, classical antiquities and numismatics.
One of the rooms that impressed visitor the most is St. George Hall. The interior of the room is considered by experts to be a perfect example of the Classical Style. The room covers about 800 square metres, but does not seem enormous due to perfect proportions. It is decorated in the whitest marble and gilded bronze.
The Throne Hall was used for column assemblies. Members of the Tzar’s family, when coming of age, took their oaths here.
The Leonardo da Vinci Hall is one of the most gorgeous interiors. The hall is decorated in the style of 17 century French Baroque. The Hermitage possesses two, out of 12 or 14 works surviving from Leonardo.
The Rembrandt collection is one of the most treasured possessions of the museum. It members 24 canvases.
The Malachite Room reflects the style of 1889. The columns, pilasters, and floorlamps are veneered with thin plaques of rich green malachite. About two tons of malachite were used in decoration of the room.
Словарь-минимум:
solitude ['salitjuid] — уединение
adjacent [a'djeisant] — соседний, смежный
accessible [ask'sessbl] — доступный
artifact(s)— экспонат
to impress— впечатлять
perfect] — совершенный
marble— мрамор
oaths] — клятва, присяга
to possess— владеть
gorgeous — великолепный
jewelry - драгоценности, украшения
pilaster— пилястра
plaque [plak] — пластина, доска
Вопросы для самопроверки:
What does the word «Hermitage» mean?
How many departments are there in the Hermitage? What are they?
The interior of which room is the best example of the Classical Style?
What kinds of material are used for the decoration of St George’s Hall?-
Why was the Throne Hall so important?
How many works of Leonardo da Vinci does the Hermitage possess?
What is the most treasured possession of the Hermitage?
What material was used for the decoration of Malachite Room?
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 5:
ТЕМА: «Посещение кинотеатра».
Д.8 с. 235-236 (Лычко Л.Я, Новоградская - Морская Н.А., Халецкая А.А. Для поступающих в высшие учебные заведения. 2001).
Словарь-минимум:
-at the same time-одновременно
- in general- в целом
- unfortunately- к сожалению
- rarely-редко
- majority-большинство
- film director-режиссер
- to shoot a film –снимать фильм
- plot- сюжет
- to look like-быть похожим
- twins-близнецы
- lock-замок
- coincidence-совпадение
- cast- состав исполнителей
- to star-играть главную роль
- self-confident- самоуверенный
- jealous-ревнивый
-to perform-исполнять
- talkative-разговорчивый, болтливый
- unforgettable-незабываемый
-to pay attention to- уделять внимание
- script-сценарий
- sincerity- искренность
- soul-душа
- spectator-зритель
- slightly-слегка
- naive-наивный
- eternal-вечный
- fidelity-верность
-to enjoy-наслаждаться
- horror-ужас
- thriller-триллер
- overcrowded-переполненный
- to flood-наводнять
- to mention- упоминать
Вопросы для самопроверки:
Why do people prefer to watch films at home?
Do we always have a good Russian film on TV?
Which film director do you know?
Which Russian films do you like best of all?
When was the film “Irony of Fate” shot?
What idea is the plot based on?
What is the film about?
Who starred in that film?
What are some kinds of entertainment?
How did people entertain themselves when there was no TV, radio or cinema?
What are some kinds of films?
Did people use to go to the cinema often?
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 6:
ТЕМА: «Посещение магазина. Покупки».
Shopping
Some people are fond of shopping. Others consider it to be a waste of time.
Different people have different attitude to shopping. It is usually considered that all women love shopping, while all men hate it. In reality there are women who are indifferent to the process of purchasing things and there are men who find shopping to be the best entertainment.
Personally, I like shopping. To my mind, it is a wonderful leisure activity. I often go shopping just to pass the time, to get pleasure or to plan a later purchase. Besides, sometimes I make purchases online. It is very fast and convenient. You have access to the information about the particular product and you can look at it. What is more, you don't even have to leave your house. It helps you save much time and effort and encourages you to purchase more products.
However, some people hate shopping and consider it to be a terrible waste of time and money. It drives them crazy to look for the things they need and to wait in long lines to buy them. They prefer to purchase everything they need in the nearest supermarket. Sometimes they buy clothes in the sales without paying attention to their quality and price. Such people take the first thing that falls into their hands and don't try to look for something cheaper and better as they can't stand the process of exploring shop-windows and counters. But I think that department stores and supermarkets save plenty of time and make our lives easier.
To conclude, shopping is a part of people's daily lives. But it's up to you to decide how much time and money to spend on shopping.
Some people like supermarkets and shopping centers. However, others say that they have too many disadvantages.
Nowadays there are a lot of shops, supermarkets and shopping centers in every city. Some of us are fond of spending our free time there. But the increasing number of supermarkets and shopping centers worry a lot of people.
Personally, I am fond of supermarkets and shopping centers. A supermarket usually offers you a wide choice of goods and you can buy food, clothes, toys, books, disks and electrical goods under a single roof. Nowadays everything is done in order to make shopping more convenient. Many shops work 24 hours. So food and drinks are available at night. Some supermarkets offer extra services such as cafes, pharmacies, banks or children centers.
However, many people prefer small shops to big ones. There are usually crowds and long lines in supermarkets. So there is always noise and hustle there. Perhaps, there are too many supermarkets and shopping centers nowadays. They make us buy more and more goods. Quite a lot of people can't resist the temptation to buy things that they don't need when they see bright wraps and reduced prices. Shops attract the buyer with advertising, discounts and lottery. A lot of supermarkets use the so-called psychological prices: a little less than a round number, for example $ 9.99. Some people are addicted to shopping. They get great pleasure from buying things and they often make useless and unplanned purchases.
To sum up, I think that supermarkets and shopping centers are very useful. But when you go there, you should try to be economical and buy only the things you need. Otherwise, you risk spending too much money.
Some people enjoy buying different things, while others say that our lives would be better if we bought fewer goods.
To buy or not to buy? That is the question. Modern society is often called consumer society, because buying goods and services is considered to be very important. What people need depends on their age, character, way of life and other factors. But do we really need as much as we buy?
Personally, I am fond of shopping. I often buy things which I don't really need, but which make my life a little happier such as an MP3 player, designer jeans, beautiful postcards or a bar of chocolate. There is always a wide choice of different goods in every shop and supermarket and when I see beautifully shaped bottles and bright wraps, I can't resist the temptation to buy things.
However, some people say that if we bought only what we needed, there would be enough for everybody. If we buy fewer goods, we will become "conservers" because it will help save natural resources. Some products have too much packaging, creating more rubbish and causing pollution. Besides, if we don't buy so many things, we won't have to work so much. We will reduce our working day and we will have more spare time. It will give us an opportunity to go in for sports, to travel and what not.
To conclude, when we go shopping, we should think about what we really need to buy. It is also useful not to take much money with you and to make a list of goods you need, so that you will not be influenced by advertisements, discounts or promotions. Our lives may become happier and healthier if we buy less.
Some people think that excessive shopping is a hobby and the way to spend your free time. Others say that shopaholism is a disease with its specific symptoms.
Many people, especially women, consider shopping to be a leisure activity. They go shopping to pass the time and to get pleasure. However, love for shopping is all right until it turns into addiction.
To my mind, shopaholism is becoming a global problem, with the growth of advertizing and online trading. It can be compared with smoking, alcoholism or drug abuse. People who are addicted to shopping say that the act of buying gives them a high like a drug. Shopaholics often feel satisfaction when they are in the process of purchasing. Shopping gives them a sort of euphoria and excitement. It helps them forget about their sorrow. But there is usually a feeling of disappointment afterwards, followed by guilt. Shopaholics feel either regretful or depressed when they get home. Some people become so ashamed of their problem that they may commit suicide. Furthermore, shopaholism leads to emotional, social and financial problems. The consequences also include ruined relationships, health problems, extreme levels of debt or even theft.
Nevertheless, some people do not realize how destructive the nature of shopaholism is. They don't take any measures when their friends or relatives spend much time and money on buying useless things. But they must understand that shopaholism is not just love for shopping. I think that people who are addicted to shopping must receive treatment for shopaholism.
To conclude, shopaholism is a serious disorder which can lead to numerous problems. That's why it is essential to notice early signs of this addiction. If you catch the trouble early, the problem may be easy to fix.
Словарь-минимум:
- supermarket- супермаркет
- store-магазин
- various-разнообразный
- under one roof-под одной крышей
- to be composed of-состоять из…
- ready-weighed and packed-в расфасованном и упакованном виде
- fabrics-ткани
- escalator-эскалатор
- customer-покупатель
Вопросы для самопроверки:
What do we do when we want to buy something?
What kinds of shops are there in every town?
Where do you like to do shopping?
What departments is a department store composed of?
Where are the things for sale?
What can we buy in the knitwear department?
What can we buy in a food supermarket?
What methods of shopping are there?
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 7:
ТЕМА: «В библиотеке».
At Library.
Му School Library
Libraries make an important part of the world culture . There are infinite number of books in the world. We can not buy all the books we like and would like to read. When we have to write a report on some subject or to learn in details about some phenomenon there is no other way out for us but to use a library,
, There are a lot of reading-halls: special halls for scientific •reference work, for current periodicals, for music and art, for foreign languages, and others I visited it several times but most often I take books from there.
To enter the library one should have a reading card.
A lot of people go to libraries on weekends.
I like reading. What books do I like’?
I can not read one and the same sort of literature fora long time. 1 prefer to alternate short stories with the novels, love stories with books on history, poems with plays.
There is a not big library in my shook 1 must admit it is not bad at all. It is a big light room, very clean and cozy, on the first floor, There are a lot of bookcases and bookshelves there. You can find there books of adventure stories, historical novels, collection of short stories. Two very nice librarians can help you to find the book you need.
Pupils go to the library to read and take books, to look
through some new magazines and newspapers. Many teachers go
to the school library too.
Словарь-минимум:
infinite ['infinit] — бесчисленный
huge [hju:d3] — огромный
vast— обширный
enter— зайти
to alternate— чередовать
novel— роман
to admit [admit] — признать
adventure [ad'ventja] — приключение
magazine] — журнал
librarian— библиотекарь
foreign— иностранный
Вопросы для самопроверки:
1. Is there a library in your school?
2. Do you like to read books?
3. How often do you go to the library?
4. What kind of books do you like to read?
5. Why do a lot of people visit library on weekends?
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 8:
ТЕМА: «Газеты. Журналы».
Newspapers in Britain and the USA
Many British families buy a national or local newspaper every day. Some have it delivered to their home by a paper boy or paper girl; others buy it from a newsagent or a bookstall. Some people read a newspaper online. National dailies are published each morning except Sunday. Competition between them is fierce. Local daily papers, which are written for people in a particular city or region, are sometimes published in the morning but more often in the early evening.
The US has only one national newspaper, USA Today. The rest are local. A few newspapers from large cities, such as the New York Times and the Washington Post, are read all over the country. Many Americans subscribe to a newspaper which is delivered to their house. This costs less than buying it in a shop. Papers can also be bought in bookshops and supermarkets and most newspapers have online versions.
In Britain the newspaper industry is often called Fleet Street, the name of the street in central London where many newspapers used to have their offices. Britain has two kinds of national newspaper: the quality papers and the tabloids. The qualities were also called the broadsheets because they were printed on large pages, but are now often in tabloid size which is half the size of a broadsheet. They report national and international news and are serious in tone. They have editorials which comment on important issues and reflect the political views of the paper’s editor. They also contain financial and sports news, features, obituaries, listings of television and radio programmes, theatre and cinema shows, a crossword, comic strips, advertisements and the weather forecast.
The main quality dailies are The Times and the Daily Telegraph, which support the political right, The Guardian, which is on the political left, The Independent and The Financial Times. People choose a paper that reflects their own political opinion. Sunday papers include The Sunday Times, The Observer and The Independent on Sunday. The Sunday and Saturday editions of papers have more pages than the dailies, supplements on, for example, motoring and the arts, and a colour magazine.
The tabloids report news in less depth. They concentrate on human-interest stories, and often discuss the personal lives of famous people. People who disapprove of the tabloids call them the gutter press. The most popular are The Sun, The Mirror, The Express and The Daily Mail. The News of the World, a Sunday tabloid, sells more copies than any other newspaper in Britain.
Словарь-минимум:
- publication-издание
- public opinion-общественное мнение
- current events-текущие события
- handwritten-написанный от руки
- newssheet-листовка
- to post-вывешивать
- printed-печатный
- carved wooden block-резная деревянная доска
- to publish-издавать
- advantage-преимущество
- to cover-осветить
- newscast- обзор новостей
- preceeding week-прошлая неделя
- to provide-предоставлять
- daily-ежедневное издание
- circulation-тираж
- issue-выпуск
- weekday- будний день
- section-раздел
- guide to TV program-программа передач
- community-община
- wedding- свадьба
- magazine-журнал
- mass media- средства массовой информации
- article-статья
- pamphlet-брошюра
- publication-издание
- topic-тема
- to entertain- развлекать
- fiction-художественное произведение
- poetry-поэзия
- cover-обложка
- to focus- сосредотачиваться
- rapidly-быстро
- to be intended-предназначаться
- consumer magazines-массовые журналы
- collector-коллекционер
- coin-монета
- stamp-почтовая марка
- photography enthusiast-фотолюбитель
- current-текущий
- adventure-приключение
- fashion-мода
- child-raising-воспитание детей
- fashion trends-тенденции в моде
- circulation-тираж
Вопросы для самопроверки:
What are the names of the first newspapers?
What are the advantages of newspapers over the other mass media?
How many newspapers are there in the US?
What is printed in daily newspapers in the US?
What do weekly newspapers focus on?
What did magazines develop from?
What is the name of the first US magazine?
What kinds of information do magazine provide?
What is the difference in contents between a magazine and a newspaper?
What kind of magazines are there?
What do they deal with?
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 9:
ТЕМА: «Телевидение».
Television
Television nowadays has become one of the most important mass media. It informs, educates and entertains people. It influences the way people look at the world and makes them change their views. In other words, mass media, and especially television, mould public opinion.
Millions of people like to watch TV in their spare time. The TV set now is not just a piece of furniture. It is someone who is one of the families. There are two viewpoints on television. Some people think that television is doing a lot of harm. People begin to forget how to occupy their free time. It prevents them from communicating with each other, from visiting friends, or relatives. And indeed, people used to have hobbies, they used to go outside for amusements to the theatres, cinemas, sporting events. They used to read books and listen to music. Now all free time is given to television.
But there are a lot of people who consider TV to be helpful because it gives us a lot of information. We become better informed by watching documentaries, science programs and by learning the most important economic, social and political issues of the day. We can see famous people, great events that will pass into history. Television gives wonderful possibilities for education: you can take a TV course in history, economy, in learning foreign languages and in many other subjects.
Television brings the world in your living-rooms. We see people in our country and in other lands, and learn their customs, occupations, and problems. TV gives us opportunities to see the best actors and performances, to hear the latest news, to listen to political discussions. To crown it all, TV simply helps us to relax after a hard day's work, giving a great variety of entertaining and musical programs.
Still, it's not a good thing for children to be glued to the TV screen all day long. It's very harmful for their health and for developing personalities, because children prefer low-standard hits, horror films or banal serials. All this by no means contributes to what we call making a personality.
Словарь-минимум:
- moving pictures- движущееся изображение
- Greek-греческий
- Latin-латинский
- commercial station-коммерческая станция
- advertising time-рекламное эфирное время
- operating costs-издержки
- profit-прибыль
- public station-общественная станция
- to broadcast-передавать
- entertainment-развлечение
- to attract-привлекать
- viewer-зритель
- situational comedy-комедия ситуаций
- lawyer-адвокат
- comedian-актер-комик
- quiz-show-викторина
- cartoon-мультипликационный фильм
- talk show-ток-шоу
- issue- проблема, вопрос
- drug abuse-наркомания
- racial prejudice-расовые предрассудки
- host-ведущий
- to interview-брать интервью
- athlet-спортсмен
- summary-обзор
- advertising-реклама
- to urge-убеждать
- play-пьеса
- art- искусство
Вопросы для самопроверки:
What does the word television mean?
What kind of stations are there in the US?
Why do commercial stations broadcast mostly entertainment programs?
What programs are broadcasted on commercial TV?
What programs does public TV broadcast?
Which kind of TV – commercial or public – attracts more viewers?
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 10:
ТЕМА: «Средства массовой информации Великобритании».
The British Media
The British Media consists of the press and radio and TV broadcasting.
Now a couple of words about papers. First of all there is no subscription. You may buy any on sale. There are two main types of newspapers: the “popular” papers and the “quality” papers.
The popular papers are less in size, with many pictures, big headlines and short articles. They are easy to read. They are such papers as “Daily Express”, “Daily mail”, “Daily Mirror”, “Daily Star”, “The Sun” and others.
The “quality” papers are for more serious reader ship. These papers are bigger in size, with larger articles and more detailed information. The “quality” papers are — “The Times”, “Daily Telegraph”, “The Guardian”, “Financial Times”, “The Independent”.
In addition to daily papers we have just mentioned above there are Sunday papers. They have a higher circulation than the dailies. Sunday papers in Great Britain are such “quality” papers as “Observer”, “Sunday Times”, “Sunday Telegraph” and such“popular” papers as: “News of the World”, “Sunday Express”, “Sunday Mirror”, “Mail on Sunday”.As far as broadcasting and telecasting are concerned there are two radio and TV stations. The first one — well-known BBC — British Broadcasting Corporation, and the second — 1BA — Independent Broadcasting Authorities. The newspapers in Britain are proud of the fact that they are different from each other — each tries to have a definite profile.
Словарь-минимум:
subscription — подписка
on sale — в продаже
readership — читатели
circulation — тираж
Вопросы для самопроверки:
What does the British Media consist of?
2. What are two main types of newspapers in Britain?
3. Who are the “quality” papers for?
4. Which newspapers have a higher circulation than the dailies?
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 11:
ТЕМА: «Кино».
Д.8 с. 239-241 (Лычко Л.Я, Новоградская - Морская Н.А., Халецкая А.А. Для поступающих в высшие учебные заведения. 2001
Словарь-минимум:
- to spend one’s leisure time-проводить свое свободное время
- movie audience-киноаудитория, кинозрители
- predominantly-по преимуществу, главным образом
- video facilities-видео-салон
- to emerge-появляться, возникать
- cinema-going habit-привычка ходить в кино
- a settlement-поселок
- adventures-приключения
- grown-ups-взрослые
- not without pleasure-не без удовольствия
- to include-включать
- feature film-художественный фильм
- genre-жанр
- western-вестерн
- thriller-триллер
- performance-сеанс
- entertainment-развлечение
- cinema screens-киноэкран
- to dominate-превалировать, занимать ведущее место
- to be fond of-любить что-либо, нравиться кому-либо
- it’s a pity-жаль, к сожалению
- it’s an open secret- ни для кого не секрет, что…
- to give preference to smth.-отдавать предпочтение чему-либо
- amusing adventures-забавные приключения
- woman-reporter-женщина-репортер
- hunter-охотник
- to look down on smb.-смотреть свысока, презирать кого-либо
- to rescue smb. out of smth.- спасти кого-либо
-an essential feature-важная черта
- to fall in love with each other-влюбиться
Вопросы для самопроверки:
How do lots of people find going to the cinema?
Who makes up the movie audience?
Why have cinema attendances decline sharply?
Is the cinema-going habit still a strong one?
What genres of feature films are there?
How many performances have many cinemas a day?
What films have cinema screens in this country been dominated by?
Are you fond of going to the cinema?
In what time do we live now?
What do you give your preference to?
What is the essential feature of American films?
When was the cinema born?
What was the price of the ticket?
Who perfected the movie camera?
Why did a new film studio appear in Hollywood?
When was the sound added?
Could an actor choose a role in a film?
САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 12:
ТЕМА: «На почте».
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