Сравнительный федерализм Учебник по спецкурсу Издание 2-е, переработанное и дополненное

131 См.: Swenden W. Belgian Federalism: Basic Institutional Features and Potential as a Model for the European Union. – L.: Royal Institute of the International Affairs, 2003. – P. 2.

132 Ibid..

133 .: Swenden W. Belgian Federalism: Basic Institutional Features and Potential as a Model for the European Union, P. 2-3

134 Maarten T. J. and Tombeur H. . Living Apart Together: The Belgian Intergovernmental Cooperation in the Domains of Environment and Economy // Public Policy and Federalism, P. 166.

135 Swenden W. Belgian Federalism: Basic Institutional Features and Potential as a Model for the European Union, P. 6-7.

136 См.: Walti S., Bullinger A.-B. Regional Policy and Energy Policy in the Light of Swiss Federation // Public Policy and Federalism, P. 83.

137 Watts R. West German Federalism: Comparative Perspectives // German Federalism Today. - N. Y.: St. Martins Press, 1991. - P. 27.

138 Филиппов В. Р. Критика этнического федерализма. – М., 2003. – С. 181.

139 Heinemann-Gruder A. Is Russia’s Federalism Sustainable? – P. 69.

140 Dieringer J. Federalism and Decentralization in East and Central Europe // Federalism and Decentralization: Perspective for the Transformation Process in Eastern and Central Europe. – Hamburg: Lit, 2002. – P. 39.

141 Jeff K. Federalism, Democracy & Asymmetry: Issues in Comparative Perspective // Federalism: Choices in Law, Institutions and Policy: A Comparative Approach with Focus on the Russian Federation – Leuven (Belgium):Garant Publishers, 1998, P. 131.

142 Основы теории и практики федерализма. - Лейвен (Бельгия): Институт Европейской политики Католического университета, 1999.- С. 21.

143 Daniels R. V. Democracy and Federalism in the Former Soviet Union and the Russian Federation // The Emergence of Regionalism in Post-Soviet Russia. – N. Y.: John Hopkins University Press, 1997. – P. 233.

144 .Stepan A. Toward a New Comparative Analysis of Democracy and Federalism: Demos Constraining and Demos Enabling Federations. - Paper presented at XVII World Congress of IPSA, Seoul, August 17-22, 1997.

145 См.: Calabrese S. Federalism and the Rehnquist Court: a Normative Defence // The Supreme Court’s Federalism: Real or Imagined? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2001, vol. 574, March. – P.28, 33-34.

146 .Zimmerman J. Contemporary American Federalism: the Growth of National Power. – London: Leicester University Press, 1992. - P. 7

147 .Lyons W., Scheb J., Richardson L. American Government. Politics and Political Culture, P. 83.

148 Howard D. Protecting Human Rights in a Federal System // Comparative Constitutional Federalism: Europe and America, P. 128.

149 Ibid., P. 129-130.

150 См.: Dinan J. State Government Influence in the National Policy Process: Lessons from the 104^th Congress // American Intergovernmental Relations: Foundation, Perspective and Issues. – Washington, D. C.: CQ Press, 2000. – P.134.

151 Hueglin Th. O. New Wine in Old Bottles? Federalism and nation States in the Twenty-First Century: A Conceptual Overview //Rethinking Federalism: Citizens, Markets, and Governments in a Changing World, P. 203.

152 Linder W. Swiss Democracy: Possible Solutions to Conflict in Multicultural Societies, P. 44.

153 Ibid., P. 160.

154 Galston W. and Tibbets G. Reinventing Federalism: The Clinton/ Gore Program for a New Partnership Among the Federal, State and Local and Tribal Governments // Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 1994, vol. 24, No. 3.

155 Gagnon A. The Political Uses of Federalism // Comparative Federalism and Federation. Competing Traditions and Future Directions, P. 34, 37. См. также: Lyons W., Scheb J., Richardson L. American Government. Politics and Political Culture, P.90-91; Zimmerman J. Contemporary American Federalism: The Growth of National Power, P. 6.

156 Fleiner Th. Switzerland: Constitution of the Federal State and the Cantons, P. 85.

157 Burgess M., Gagnon A. Conclusion: Competing Traditions and Future Directions // Comparative Federalism: Competing Traditions and Future Directions, P. 246.

158 Burgess M., Gagnon A. Conclusion: Competing Traditions and Future Directions // Comparative Federalism: Competing Traditions and Future Directions, P. 246.

159 .Stevenson G. Unfilled Union: Canadian Federalism and National Unity, 3 ed. Toronto, 1989, P. 16.

160 Lemco J. Political Stability in Federal Governments. – N. Y.: Praeger, 1991. - P.1.

161.Duchacek I. Comparative Federalism: the Territorial Dimension of Politics. – Lanham, 1987, P. 282.

162 Stepan A. Toward a New Comparative Analysis of Democracy and Federalism, P. 29.

163 .Linder W. Swiss Democracy: Possible Solution to Conflict in Multicultural Societies, P. 160.

164 .См.: Gunlicks A. German Federalism after Unification: the Legal/Constitutional Response // Publius: Journal of Federalism, 1994, vol. 24, No. 2, P. 83-84; Domestic Politics of German Unification. - Boulder (Col.): Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1993, P. 138.

165 См. об этом: Wachendorfer-Schmidt U. Collaborative Federalism in Germany: Keeping the System in the Eye of the Storm // Federalism and Political Performance, P. 81.

166 Stepan A. Toward a New Comparative Analysis of Democracy and Federalism, P. 31, 32, 33.

167 .King P. Federalism and Federation. - London: Croom Helm, 1982, P. 88.

168 См. об этом: Lyons W., Scheb J., Richardson L. American Government. Politics and Political Culture, P. 91-92; Rydon J. The Australian Tradition of Federalism and Federation // Comparative Federalism and Federation. Competing Traditions and Future Directions, P. 240-241.

169 См.: Brown-John L. Rediscovering Federal Roots // Federal-Type Solutions and European Integration. – Laham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1995. - P. 15.

170 Великая Н., Шишкин В. Российский федерализм: проблемы и перспективы развития // Свободная мысль – XXI, 2002, № 10, С. 14.

171 Умнова И. А. Конституционные основы современного российского федерализма. – М.: Изд-во «Дело»,1998. – С. 145.

172 Постановление Конституционного Суда российской Федерации от 14 июля 1997 г. № 12-П «По делу о толковании содержащегося в части 4 статьи 66 Конституции Российской Федерации положения о вхождении автономного округа в состав края, области» // Вестник Конституционного Суда Российской Федерации, 1997, № 5.

173 Лысенко В. Разделение власти и опыт Российской Федерации // Асимметричность Федерации. – М., 1997. – С.13.

174 Введенский В.Г., Горохов А. Ю. Россия: испытание федерализмом. Теория и практика отечественного и зарубежного опыта. – М.: Серебряные нити, 2002. - С. 21.

175 См: Gunlicks A. B. Land Constitutions in Germany // Publius: the Journal of Federalism, 1998, Volume 28, No. 4, P. 108-109.

176 Soderlund P. J. The significance of structural power resources in the Russian bilateral treaty process 1994-1998 // Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 2003, Vol. 36, Issue 3, P. 312.

177 Ross C. Putin’s federal reforms and the consolidation of federalism in Russia: one step forward, two steps back! // Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 2003, Vol. 36, Issue 1, P.33.

178 von Beyme K. Federalism in Russia // Federalism and Political Performance. – L.: Routledge, 2000. - P.31-32

179 Ross C. Federalism and Democratization in Russia // Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 2000, Volume 33, Issue 4, P. 412

180 Heinemann-Gruder A. Is Russia’s Federalism Sustainable? // Perspective on European Politics and Society, 2002, vol. 3, No. 1, P. 78.

181 McFaul . Lessons from Russia’s Protracted Transition from Communist Rule // Political Science Quarterly, 1999,Vol. 114, Issue 1, P. 78.

182 Ross C. Putin's Federal Reforms and the Consolidation of Federalism in Russia: One Step Forward? Two Steps Back // Communist and Post-Communist Studies, 2003, vol. 36, No. 1, P. 31.

183 Tompson W. Putin’s Challenge: Politics of Structural Reform in Russia // Europe-Asia Studies, 2002, Vol. 54, No. 6, P. 936.

184 Konitzer A and Wegren S. Federalism and Political Recentralization in the Russian Federation: United Russia as Party of Power // Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 2006, Vol.36, No. 4, рр. 503.

185 Состояние и перспективы российского федерализма в массовом сознании и экспертных оценках. Итоговый аналитический доклад. – ЦИРКОН, 2011, С. 73..

186 Slider D. Russian Federalism: Can It Rebuilt from Ruins ? // Russian Analytical Digest, 2008, No.43, Р. 2-3.

.

187 Игнатов В. Г. Асимметрия социально-экономического развития регионов Российской Федерации и основные направления ее ослабления // Terra Economics (Экономический вестник Ростовского государственного университета), 2009, Том 7, № 2, 132-137.

188 Стародубровская И. В., Глазычев В. Л Реальный федерализм, местное самоуправление, межбюджетная политика // Доклады Центра социально-консервативной политики, 03.2011, С. 19..

189 Примаков Е. М. Мировой экономический кризис и Россия // Вестник Московского университета, Серия 12, Политические науки, 2009, № 5, 3-17 («На мировом рынке наукоемкой продукции 37% принадлежит США, Китаю – около 7%, а нам – 0,5%. У нас только 10% предприятий занимаются инновациями. Затраты на гражданские научно-исследовательские и опытно-конструкторские работы в процентах к ВВП в России в 2 раза меньше, чем в Чехии, в 3 раза ниже, чем в Германии, в 4 раза ниже, чем в Южной Корее и Японии», с. 9). См. также: Пляйс Я. Тотальная системная модернизация – абсолютный императив для России //Власть, 2009, № 8, с. 5

190 Гудков Л. Инерция пассивной адаптации // Pro et Contra, 2011, том 15, № 1-2, с. 20-42 (Например, удельный вес промышленных квалифицированных рабочих в структуре взрослого населения сократилась с 32 процентов вначале 1990-х годов до 19 процентов в первой половине 2000-х (с.20) Показательно также, что среди ста ведущих университетов мира нет ни одного российского университета.

191 Стародубровская И. В., Глазычев В. Л Реальный федерализм, местное самоуправление, межбюджетная политика // Доклады Центра социально-консервативной политики, 03.2011, С. 19..

192 Blochliger H. Tax assignment and tax autonomy in OECD countries // Fiscal Federalism and Political Decentralization. – Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Ltd., 2008, р. 58.

193 Graglia L. Lopez, Morrison, and Raich: Federalism in the Rehnquist Court // Harvard Journal of Law and Public Policy, 2008, Vol. 31, No. 2: Так, в США «Американский федерализм остается американским идеалом, который поддерживается каждым в принципе, но не защищается практически никем, когда он представляет препятствие общенациональному действию по продвижению какого-нибудь одобряемого интереса» (Р. 788). См. также: Petersen Th., Scheller H. and Wintermann O. Public Attitudes towards German Federalism: A Point of Departure for a Reform of German (Fiscal) Federalism? Differences between Public Opinion and the Political Debate // German Politics, 2008, Vol. 17, No. 4, рр. 559-586.

194. См.: Карапетян Л. М. Федеративное устройство Российского государства. – М.: Издательство НОРМА, 2001.- С. 7.

195 Основы теории и практики федерализма. – Лейвен (Бельгия): Институт Европейской политики Католического университета, 1999. - С. 49.

196 См.: Heinemann-Gruder A. Is Russia’s Federalism Sustainable // Perspective on European Politics and Society, 2002, Vol. 3, No. 1, P. 69.

197 Swenden W. Belgian Federalism: Basic Institutional Features and Potential as a Model for the European Union. – L.: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2003. – P.13

198 Эбзеев Б. С. Предисловие // Карапетян Л. М. Федеративное устройство Российского государства. – М.: Издательство НОРМА, 2001.– С. VII.

199 Armingeon K. Swiss Federalism in Comparative Perspective // Federalism and Political Performance. – L.: Routledge, 2000. – P.120

200 Delmartino F. Aspects of Pluralism in Regional Development: A Conceptual Framework // Regional Pluralism and Good Governance: Problems and Solutions in ASEAN and EU-countries. – Bad Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft, 1999 – P. 10.

201 См.: Boase J. P. Faces of Asymmetry: German and Canadian Federalism // Evaluating Federal Systems. – Dordrecht: Martines Nijhoff Publishers, 1994, P. 91.

202 .Elazar D. Exploring Federalism Tuscaloosa: The University of Alabama Press, 1987, P. 64.

203 Rethinking Federalism: Citizens, Markets, and Governments in a Changing World. – Vancouver:: UBC Press, 1995. - P. 9.

204 Heinemann-Gruder A. Taming the Beast: Asymmetry, Federal Integration and the Heterogeneous State in Russia // paper prepared for the AASCPS/ANZSA 1998 International conference on Communist and Post-Communist Societies, Melbourne/ Australia, 7-10 July, 1998. - P. 3.

205 Основы теории и практики федерализма. - Лейвен (Бельгия): Изд-во Garant Publishers, 1999. - С. 113.

206 Салмин А. Российская Федерация и федерация в России // Мировая экономика и международные отношения, 2002, № 2, С. 54.

207 См., например: Heinemann-Gruder A. Is Russia’s Federalism is Sustainable? P. 71.

208 См.: Regional Pluralism and Good Governance: Problems and Solutions in ASEAN and EU-countries, P. 157.

209 См.: Sturm R. Germany – United But Not Uniform. Revival of Regional Pluralism // Regional Pluralism and Good Governance: Problems and Solutions in ASEAN and SU-countries, P. 149.

210 Lehmbruch G. German federalism, the subsidiarity principle, and the European Union. Paper presented to the Conference on cooperative federalism, globalization and democracy. – Brasilia, 2000. – P. 6.

211 Federalism and Political Performance. – L.: Routledge, 2000. - P. XIV.

212 Основы теории и практики федерализма, С. 154-156.

213 Там же, С. 152.

214 Федерализм: теория, институты, отношения, С. 68.

215 Tarlton Ch. Symmetry and Asymmetry as Elements of Federalism: a Theoretical Speculation // Journal of Politics, 1965, vol. 27, No. 4, p.868.

216 Taylor Ch. Reconciling the Solicitudes : Essays on Canadian Federalism and Nationalism. – Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1993,- P. 150.

217 Карапетян Л. М. Федеративное устройство Российского государства, С. 106.

218 Бухвальд Е. От псевдосимметрии к асимметричной Федерации: экономические аспекты российской модели федерализма // Асимметричность Федерации. – М., 1997, С. 128.

219 Smiley D. Language Policies in the Canadian Political Community // Etre Contemporain. - Sillery: Les Press de Universite du Quebec, 1992, p. 284.

220 См.: Иванов В. Н. Российский федерализм: что дальше? // Социологические исследования, 1998, № 1, С. 82, 86; Михайлов Р. Ведущие российские политические организации о проблеме асимметричности Российской Федерации // Асимметричность Федерации, С. 37, 60. См. также: Пляйс Я. На перекрестках модернизации российского государства // Власть, 2002, № 11, С. 31.

221 Чиркин В. Е. Современное федеративное государство. – М.: 1997. – С. 26.

222 См.: Великая Н., Шишкин В. Российский федерализм: проблемы и перспективы развития // Свободная мысль, 2002, № 10, С. 17.

223 Мендрас М. Асимметрия или многообразие // Асимметричность Федерации, С. 8.

224 Салмин А. Российская Федерация и федерация в России // Мировая экономика и международные отношения, 2002, № 3, С. 29.

225 Карапетян Л. М. Федеративное устройство Российского государства, С. 31-32.

226 Frenkel M. Federal Theory, 1986, P. 148.

227 Boase J. Faces of Asymmetry: German and Canadian Federalism, Р. 91.

228 Heinemann-Gruder A. Is Russia’s Federalism Sustainable? , P. 69.

229 См.: Fry E. North American Federalism, NAFTA, and Foreign Economic Relations // Evaluating Federal Systems, P. 397.

230 Boase J. Faces of Asymmetry: German and Canadian Federalism, Р. 97.

231 Schultze R.-O. German Federalism at the Crossroads // Federations. What’s new in federalism worldwide, Vol. 3, No. 3 / August 2003.

232 См.: Peterson P. E. The Price of Federalism. - Washington, D. C.: The Brookings Institution, 1995, P.91

233 См.: Абдулатипов З. Г., Болтенкова Л. Ф. Опыты федерализма, С. 230.

234 Mullins A. and Saunders C. “Different Strokes for Different Folks ?”: Some Thoughts on Symmetry and Difference in Federal Systems // Evaluating Federal Systems. - Dordrecht: Martines Nijhoff Publishers, 1994, p. 55.

235 Solnick St. Is the Center Too Weak or Too Strong in the Russian Federation // Building the Russian State: Institutional Crisis and the Quest for Democratic Governance. – Boulder (Colorado): Westview, 2000. – P. 139.

236 Taylor Ch. Reconciling the Solicitudes: Essays on Canadian Federalism and Nationalism, Р. 180.

237 См.: Mullins A. and Saunders C. “Differnebt Strokes for Different Folks?”: Some Thoughts on Symmetry and Difference in Federal Systems // Evaluating Federal Systems, P. 47.

238 См.: Gunlicks A. German Federalism after Unification: the Legal/Constitutional Response. // Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 1994, vol. 24, No. 2, P. 83-84; Domestic Politics of German Unification. - Boulder (Col.): Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1993, P. 138.

239 См.: Boase J. Faces of Asymmetry: German and Canadian Federalism, P. 104-105.

240 См.: Современный буржуазный федерализм. – М.: наука, 1978. - С. 221, 222, 223.

241 См.: Schmitt N. The Foreign Policy of Spanish Autonomous Communities Compared to that of Swiss Cantons // Evaluating Federal Systems, P.365.

242 См.: Peeters P. Federalism: a comparative perspective - Belgium transforms from a unitary to a federal state // Evaluating Federal Systems, P. 199-200.

243 См.: Mikesell J. Vertical Fiscal Balance and Horizontal Fiscal Diversity in the U.S. Federal System: What Might Common Shared Taxes Do ? // The American Review of Public Administration, 1994, vol. 24, No.4, p. 342.

244 Agranoff R. Asymmetrical and Symmetrical Federalism in Spain: An Examination of Intergovernmental Policy // Evaluating Federal Systems, P. 84.

245 Основы теории и практики федерализма, С. 33.

246 Дульщиков Ю. С. Федерализм и региональная политика // Федерализм в России и Бельгии. Материалы Бельгийско-российского научного коллоквиума. – Лейвен (Бельгия) Институт европейской политики Католического университета, 1996. – С. 80.

247 . См.: Mullins A. and Saunders C. “Different Strokes for Different Folks?”. Some Thoughts on Symmetry and Difference in Federal Systems // Evaluating Federal Systems, P. 46.

248 Boase J. P. Faces of Asymmetry: German and Canadian Federalism, P.103

249 См.: Rebick F. The Charlottetown Accord: A Faulty Framework and Wrong-headed Compromise. // The Charlottetown Accord, the Referendum, and the Future of Canada. - Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993, p. 104.

250 Gagnon A. Manufacturing Antagonisms: The Move towards Uniform Federalism in Canada. // Evaluating Federal Systems, p. 135.

251 См.: Milne D. Whither Canadian Federalism? Alternative Constitutional Futures. // Comparative Federalism and Federation: Competing Traditions and Future Directions.- Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993, p. 208-210.

252 Lemko J. Political Stability in Federal Governments, P. 87.

253 Heinemann-Gruder A. Is Russia’s Federalism Sustainable? // Perspective on European Politics and Society, 2002, vol. 3, No. 1, P. 75.

254 См.: Farber G. Structural Revision of the German Lander – Administrative costs and Ambiguous Fiscal Equalization Effects // Paper for Presentation at the XVIIIth World Congress of the International Political Science Association (IPSA), 2000, P. 4, 5.

255 Centre-Periphery Relations in Russia. The Case of the Northwestern Region. – Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2001. – P. 7).

256 Elazar D. Exploring Federalism. - Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1987, P. 45.

257 King P. Federalism and Federation. - L.: Croom Helm, 1982, P. 33.

258 Calleo D. America’s Federal Nation-State: a Crisis of Post-Imperial Viability? // Political Studies, 1994, vol. 42, Special Issue, P. 33.

259 См.: King P. Federalism and Federation, P. 55.

260 McDowell B. D. The Interstate Commerce Clause of the US Constitution: a 200-year Case Study for European Integration // Federal-Type Solutions and European Integration. - Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, 1995, P. 140-141.

261 Watts R.L. Characteristics of Canadian Federalism and Their Implications for European Integration // Federal-Type Solutions and European Integration, P. 262.

262 King P. Federalism and Federation, P. 121.

263 См.: Laslovich M. The American Tradition: Federalism in the United States // Comparative Federalism and Federation. Competing Traditions and Future Directions. - Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1993, P. 188-189; Elazar D. Opening the Third Century of American Federalism: Issues and Prospects // The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 1990, vol. 509, May, P. 26

264См.: Walker D. B. The Rebirth of Federalism: Slouching toward Washington. - Chatham, N. J.: Chatham House Publishers, 1995, P. 4.

265 Linder W. Swiss Democracy: Possible Solutions to Conflict in Multicultural Societies. - N. Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1994, P. 42.

266McKay D. Designing Europe: Comparative Lessons from the Federal Experience. – Oxford: University Press, 2001. – P. 3.

267 См.: Gagnon F –G. The Political Uses of Federalism // Comparative Federalism and Federation. Competing traditions and Future Directions, P. 19

268 См.: Elazar D. Exploring Federalism, P. 202-203.

269 Galston W., Tibbetts Reinventing Federalism: The Clinton/Gore Program for a New partnership among the Federal, State and Local and Tribal Governments // Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 1994, vol. 24, No. 3, P.24.

270 См.: Brown G. Canadian Federal-Provincial Overlap and Presumed Government Inefficiency // Publius: Journal of Federalism, 1994, vol. 24, No. 1, P. 26.

271 Hueglin Th. and Fenna A. Comparative Federalism: A Systematic Inquiry. – Quebec City: Broadview, 2006. P.28.

272 См., например: Rodin J. Rethinking Russian Federalism: The Politics of Intergovernmental Relations and Federal Reform at the Turn of the Millennium. – Stockholm: Stockholm University, 2006, P. 128-129. Все предметы совместного ведения, перечисленные в ст. 72 Конституции Российской Федерации, автор безосновательно зачисляет в разряд конкурентных. Между тем и в английском языке проводится различие между понятиями «совместные» (joint) и «конкурентные» (concurrent) полномочия.

273 A Global Dialogue on Federalism. Volume 2. Distribution of powers and Responsibilities in Federal Countries. – Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006. – P. 12-13, 14..

274 Macintyre C. and Williams J. Australia: A Quiet Revolution in the Balance of Power // Dialogues on Distribution of Powers and Responsibilities in Federal Countries, - Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2005. – P. 3.

275 См.: Twomey A. Australia’s Commonwealth government ends blame game // Federations, June-July 2008, P. 23.

276 Peters P. Multinational Federations: Reflections on the Belgian federal state // Multinational Federations. Ed. By M, Burgess and J. Pinder. – L.: Routledge, 2007. – P. 37.

277 Peters P. Multinational Federations: Reflections on the Belgian federal state P. 32

278 Подробнее об этом см.: Lecours A. Moreno’s Multiple Ethnoterritorial Concurrence Model: A Reformulation // Regional and Federal Studies, 2004, Vol.14, No. 1; Swenden W. Belgian Federalism. Basic Institutional Features and Potential as a Model for the European Union. – L.: Royal Institute of International Affairs, 2003.

279 Lecours A. Moreno’s Multiple Ethnoterritorial Concurrence Model: A Reformulation // Regional and Federal Studies, 2004, Vol.14, No. 1; P.76.

280 A Global Dialogue on Federalism. Volume 2. Distribution of powers and Responsibilities in Federal Countries. – Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006. – P. 58, 62.

281 Jans T., Stouthuysen P. Federal Regions and External Relations: The Belgian Case // The International Spectator, 2007, Vol. 42, No. 2, P. 213.

282 A Global Dialogue on Federalism. Volume 2. Distribution of powers and Responsibilities in Federal Countries. – Montreal & Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006. – P. 42.

283 См.: Maarten T. J.., Tombeur N. Living Apart Together: The Belgian Intergovernmental Cooperation in the Domains of Environment and Economy // Public policy and Federalism. – Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Ltd., 2000. – P.155-157.

284 См.: Jans T., Stouthuysen P. Federal Regions and External Relations: The Belgian Case // The International Spectator, 2007, Vol. 42, No. 2, P. 213.

285 A Global Dialogue on Federalism. Volume 2. Distribution of Powers and Responsibilities in Federal Countries. – Montreal &Kingston: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2006. – P. 39.

286 Подробнее о достижениях и слабостях бельгийского федерализма см.: Swenden W. Belgian Federalism. Basic Institutional Features and Potential as a Model for the European Union, 13-17.

287 См. об этом: A Global Dialogue on Federalism. Volume 2 Distribution of Powers and Responsibilities in Federal Countries, P. 50-54/

288 См. : Watts R. L. Comparing Federal Systems in the 1990s. –Kingston, Ontario: Queen’s University Press, 1996. – P .27.

289 Erk J. Explaining Federalism: State, society and congruence in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany and Switzerland. – L.: Routledge, 2008. – Р. 55.

290 См. об этом подробнее: Pelletier R. Managing Diversity in Multi-ethnic Federations: The Case of Canada. – Paper presented at the XVIIth World Congress of the International Political Science Association, 17-21 August, 1997,Seoul, Korea. – P. 4-6.

291 Erk J. Explaining Federalism: State, society and congruence in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany and Switzerland. – L.: Routledge, 2008. – Р. 44.

292 Williams C. A Requiem for Canada? // Federalism: Multiethnic Challenge, P. 31.

293 Lecours A. Moreno’s Multiple Ethnoterritorial Concurrence Model: A Reformulation // Regional and Federal Studies, 2004, Vol.14, No. 1, P 75.

294 См.: Bolleyer N. Federal Dynamics in Canada, the United States, and Switzerland: How Substates’ Internal Organization Affects Intergovernmental Relations // Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 2006, Vol. 36, No.4, P. 485

295 См.: A Global Dialogue on Federalism. Volume 2 Distribution of powers and Responsibilities in Federal Countries, P. 96-97.

296 Bowman A. O’M. American Federalism on the Horizon // Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 2002, Vol.32,. No.2, P.10

297 Zimmerman J. Contemporary American Federalism: The growth of national powers. – L.: Leicester University Press, 1992. – P. 37

298 См.: Dinan J. U. S. state capitols take on policy making // Federations, 2006, Vol. 5, No. 3, P. 27-29.

299 См. анализ: Zimmerman J. Congressional Preemptions During the George W. Bush Administration // Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 2007, vol. 37, No. 3, P. 432-452.

300 См. об этом: Bowman A. O’M. American Federalism on the Horizon // Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 2002, Vol. 32, No. 2, P. 13.

301 Федералист. Политические эссе Александра Гамильтона, Джеймс Мэдисона и Джона Джея. – М.: Изд-во «Весь Мир», 2000. – С. 313-314.

302 Zick T. Are the States Sovereign? // Washington University Law Quarterly, 2005, Vol. 83, No. 1, P. 308-309.

303 Шульце Р.-О. Германский федерализм на перепутье // Федерации. Выпуск 3, № 3 / август 2003, С. 14.

304 Moore C., Jacoby W. and Gunlick A. Introduction: German Federalism in Transition? // German Politics, 2008, Vol. 17, No. 4, P. 393.

305 См.: Столяров М. В. Россия в пути. Новая федерация и Западная Европа. Сравнительное исследование по проблемам федерализма и регионализма в Российской Федерации и странах Западной Европы. – Казань: Фэн, 1998. – С. 277

306 См.: Moore C., Jacoby W. and Gunlick A. Introduction: German Federalism in Transition? // German Politics, 2008, Vol. 17, No. 4, P. 398.

307 Hrbek R. The Reform of German Federalism: Part I // European Constitutional Law Review, 2007, No. 3, P.235.

308 См.: Основной закон Федеративной Республики Германии // Конституции зарубежных стран. – М.: Изд-во «Юрлитинформ», 2003. – С. 138, 146, , 153, 158.

309 Hueglin Th. O., Fenna A. Comparative Federalism: A Systematic Inquiry. – Peterborough: Broadview Press, 2006. – P. 163.

310 Kramer J. Judicial Federalism in Germany // Judge made Federalism? The Role of Courts in Federal Systems, - Baden-Baden: Nomos, 2009. – P. 98.

311 Васильев В. И. Германский федерализм: проблемы развития, С. 356.

312 Moore C., Jacoby W. and Gunlick A. Introduction: German Federalism in Transition? // German Politics, 2008, Vol. 17, No. 4, P. 395.

313 A Global Dialogue on Federalism. Volume 2 Distribution of Powers and Responsibilities in Federal Countries, P. 127.

314 См.: Hrbek R. The Reform of German Federalism: Part I // European Constitutional Law Review, 2007, No. 3, P.237-238.

315 Mannle U. The Revival of German Federalism: Two Examples // Reforming Governance. Lessons from the United States of America and Federal Republic of Germany, P. 161.

316 Ibid., , P. 166.

317Klatt H. Centralizing Trends in the Federal Republic: the Record of the Kohl Chancellorship // German Federalism Today. – N. Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 1991. – 126-127.

318 См.: Thaysen U. The Bundesrat, the Lander and German Federalism. - Washington, D. C.: The American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, 1994, P. 15.

319 Watts R. Contemporary Views on Federalism // Evaluating Federal Systems. – Dordrecht: Martines Nijhoff Publishers, 1994.- P. 17.

320 Leonardy U. The Working Relationships Between Bund and Lander in the Federal Republic of Germany // German Federalism Today, P. 42.

321 Jeffrey Ch. Cycles of Conflict: Fiscal Equalization in Germany // Regional and Federal Studies, 2003, Vol. 13, No. 4, P. 23.

322 Burkhart S. Reforming Federalism in Germany: Incremental Changes instead of Big Deal // Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 2009, vol. 39, No. 2, P. 360.

323 Linder W. and Steffen I. Switzerland: Cooperative Federalism or Nationwide Standards? // Dialogues on Legislative, Executive, and Judicial Governance in Federal Countries. – Forum of Federations, 2006. – P. 32.

324 См. об этом: A Global Dialogue on Federalism. Volume 2. Distribution of Powers and Responsibilities in Federal Countries, P. 278.

325 Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации, 2006, № 1, ст. 10.

326 Конституционное право Российской Федерации. Сборник судебных решений. – СПб: «Паритет», 1997. – С. 63.

327 Watts R. L. Comparing Federal Systems in the 1990s, P. 31.

328 Собрание законодательства Российской Федерации, 2006, № 1, ст. 10.