Формирование и развитие интеллектуальных умений при обучении чтению на уроках иностранного языка
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Do Men Have A Future?
Male full time employment in Britain reached its highest level in 1990. Since then the figure has fallen by about ten per cent. Among women, on the other hand, employment figures have remained more or less steady. This means that men are bearing the brunt of the 1990s recession, since traditionally “male” jobs – especially in areas such as mining and production – have been the hardest hit.
Meanwhile, the majority of new jobs created are part-time ones, which traditionally go to women in a ratio of over five to one. Although more men than ever before are being forced to look for part-time work, as there is no other choice, the majority of part-time posts still go to women.
In Britain as in other developed countries, the workplace is changing. Jobs in production industries have fallen by more than a million in the last six years alone. The coal industry, the worst hit area, has seen employment fall by as much as three quarters. And for these out-of-work miners there is not much to suit their skills in the new industries: hotel and catering, retail distribution, banking and insurance, cleaning, medical and health services, education and welfare.
It is clear that better-paid jobs of the future will require specialized knowledge and experience, which only training and higher standards of literacy and numeracy can bring about. Education is truly the future of the country, and here the news is not so good for men.
Ten years ago the best exam results in schools were achieved by male pupils. Now the situation has turned around. In all subjects except maths, girls are doing better than boys by the age of seven. After that the gap becomes wider.
As a result, changes are taking place at the top end of the educational ladder. In 1984, three out of five university students were male. This year, for the first time, girls made up the majority of the new students. Soon most new graduates will be female. So why do women still earn less and have far fewer top jobs?
In Britain, woman’s salaries in equivalent jobs are as much as a fifth lower than men’s, and most bosses are still men. But today’s distribution of jobs (particularly top jobs) is a result of the educational situation of the 1950s and 1960s, when three quarters of university graduates were men. The situation may change by the year 2020 or 2030, when the idea of “jobs for the boys” could well change to “jobs for the girls.”
By that time, life could be getting very unpleasant for under-skilled, under-educated males. Without suitable training, they will have little hope of finding employment. Of course it is difficult to predict the future, and it is always possible that men will continue to hold the top position in public life. However, if men do manage to keep the top jobs, it could be only because women – who by then will have most of the university degrees and jobs – decide to let them. Приложение 3 Read the text and answer the multiple choice questions: LIVING BY THЕ SWORD When Cristina Sanchez told her parents that she wanted to be2come a bullfighter instead of a hairdresser, they weren’t too pleased. But when she was eighteen her parents realized that she was serious and sent her to a bullfighting school in Madrid, where she trained with professionals. Since last July, Sanchez has been the most successful novice in Spain and is very popular with the crowds. After brilliant performances in Latin America and Spain earlier this year, Sanchez has decided that she is ready to take the test to become a matador de toros. Out of the ring, Sanchez does not look like a matador. She is casually elegant, very feminine and wears her long blond hair loose. She seems to move much more like a dancer than an athlete, but in the ring she is all power. When she was fourteen, Sanchez’s father warned her that the 14world of bullfighting was hard enough for a man and even harder for a woman. It seems he is right. “It really is a tough world for a woman”, says Sanchez. “You start with the door shut in your face. A man has to prove himself only once, whereas I have had to do it ten times just to get my foot in the door.” In perhaps the world’s most masculine profession, it would seem 20strange if Sanchez had not met problems. But even though Spanish woman won the legal right to fight bulls on equal terms with men in 1974, there are still matadors like Jesulin de Ubrique who refuses to fight in the same ring as her. Sanchez lives with her family in Parla, south of Madrid. Her family is everything to her and is the main support in her life. “My sisters don’t like bullfighting, they don’t even watch it on TV, and my mother would be the happiest person in the world if I gave it up. But we get on well. Mum’s like my best friend.” When Sanchez is not fighting she has a tough fitness routine – running, working out in the gym and practicing with her father in the afternoon. By nine she is home for supper, and by eleven she is in bed. She doesn’t drink, smoke or socialize. “You have to give up a 32lot,” says Sanchez. “It’s difficult to meet people, but it doesn’t worry me – love does not arrive because you look for it.” Sanchez spends most of her year travelling: in summer to Spanish and French bullfights and in winter to Latin America. Her mother dislikes watching Sanchez fight, but goes to the ring when she can. If not, she waits at home next to the telephone. Her husband has had to ring three times to say that their daughter had been injured, twice lightly in the leg and once seriously in the stomach. After she has been wounded, the only thing Sanchez thinks about is how quickly she can get back to the ring. “It damages your confidence,” she says, “but it also makes you mature. It’s just unprofessional to be injured. You cannot let it happen.” Sanchez is managed by Simon Casas, who says, “At the moment there is no limit to where she can go. She has a champion’s mentality, as well as courage and technique.” 1. When Sanchez told her parents that she wanted to be a bullfighter they… A. felt a little pleased. B. thought she was too young. C. thought she had a good sense of humour. D. were initially opposed to the idea. 2. Sanchez thinks that… A. living in today’s world is difficult for a woman. B. bullfighting is a difficult career for women. C. it is almost impossible to succeed as a female bullfighter. D. women have to demonstrate their skills as much as male bullfighters do. 3. Sanchez’s mother… A. is everything to her family B. prefers to watch her daughter on TV C. supports her more than the rest of the family. D. would prefer Sanchez to leave the ring. 4. What does “it” in line 32 refer to? A. the fitness routine; B. not socializing; C. giving up; D. smoking. 5. Sanchez doesn’t socialize often because… A. she doesn’t like cigarettes and alcohol. B. her work takes up most of her time. C. she is worried about meeting people. D. it’s too difficult to look for friends. 6. What does Sanches think about after being injured? A. her next chance to fight bulls. B. her abilities. C. her development. D. her skills. Приложение 4 You are going to read a newspaper article about bodyguards. Seven paragraphs have been removed from the article. Choose from the paragraphs (A–H) the one which fits each gap (1–6). There is an example at the beginning (0). THE BODYGUARD BUSINESS At 5.30 in the morning a couple were sitting in a car having an innocent talk about tomato plants. Suddenly, two men jumped in front of the car, pointing guns at them.
No, this wasn’t the kidnapping of a famous film star or politician. It was the first morning of a week-long training course to learn how to become a bodyguard. Nowadays, becoming a bodyguard is big business. This is not because of a sudden rise in violent crime, but because having a bodyguard is the ultimate decoration for the rich and famous. Just as you or I would use jewellery, clothes or shoes to be fashionable, these people use bodyguards or – “minders” – to make themselves look good. Moreover, bodyguards trained in England are thought to be the most fashionable to have, rather like having an English butler. It is easy to imagine that bodyguards are always huge men built like Mr. Universe, but according to the founder of one training company, this is not the case.
Many important men who want protection for their wives don’t want a handsome young man around, and important women often feel more at ease with a bodyguard who is a woman as well. There are some stars who prefer a large bodyguard, but it has been suggested that they are chosen to match the celebrity’s huge ago rather than a result of the bodyguard’s ability to do the job.
Not many people would see a pretty woman with a famous rock star as a threat. Nor would anyone take any notice if she reached into her handbag for a lipstick – that is, until she pulled out a gun instead. Sharon Stone’s female bodyguard knocked four people to the ground in the space of one month after they had threatened her employer. It is hardly a job for someone who is not properly trained. But in England, less than one percent of bodyguard trainees are women.
One of the reasons for this is that the first weapon of a bodyguard is the brain, and the trainers often find that women are more willing to accept this message than men. The trainers try to stop would-be Rambos from becoming bodyguards as their idea of the job seems to be based on the Kevin Costner film, The Bodyguard.
But the reality of the job is far more boring. Hours can be spent waiting outside hotel rooms, or standing outdoors in the cold and rain. If the Rambo types applying for training expect sessions of karate or kick-boxing, they will be disappointed. They will find themselves being taught about being neat and tidy, how to speak to a diplomat and so on.
Those that do, however, can look forward to a career which can earn them between $300 and $1000 per day, depending on who the client is of course. Many of the trainees admit that it was the money which made them want to become bodyguards.
Information can include the personality and life-style of the person. For example, who is likely to threaten their lives or just bother them? The business of being a bodyguard in this day and age has gone beyond the abilities of the Rambo types. It now takes brains as well as muscle to succeed.
Приложение 5 Read the texts and match the numbers and the letters. What job would you apply for if you… 1. are a qualified scientist? 2. are looking for a teaching post? 3. are experienced in cooking Italian food? 4. want to manage a group of people? 5. have worked with teenagers and children? A. MCU CORP. is looking for a Lead Mechanical Engineer for a large project. Responsibilities will include management of mechanical team. Good communication skills are essential. Must be experienced with fixed and rotating equipment, compressors, pumps, and piping. Need twelve or more years’ experience as a Lead Mechanical Engineer. Send resume to MCU@mecanichs.com. B. Sherton Pharmaceuticals Company seeks lab technician for research department. Candidate must have at least five years experience in the pharmaceutical sector and in depth knowledge of all up-to-date laboratory equipment. Must have a BSc in Biochemistry. Great salary and full benefits offered. Fax resume to: 814-251-9865. C. NEWIS Language School seeks English teachers for full and part time positions. The teaching posts available are for the upper-intermediate and proficiency levels. All applicants must have a Bachelor of Education degree. Native speakers preferred. Call 623-854-7415 to arrange an interview. D. Antonio’s Restaurant seeks certified Italian chef with at least five years’ experience in Italian cuisine specializing in pastas and pizzas. Only a full time position is offered. Excellent working environment. Competitive salary and benefits package. Call Antonio on: 680-422-1653. E. PSY private practice seeks licensed psychologist. Experience with children and adolescents preferred. Cognitive-behaviour and problem-focused orientation desirable. Therapy and evaluations. No managed care. Supervision provided. Fax resume to: 908-526-3139. F. Housekeeper wanted, for family with two children in Lincoln area. Five days a week, four hours per day shift. The housekeeper’s responsibilities are: cleaning-up after children, cleaning kitchen/washing dishes, vacuuming, laundry, ironing, grocery, shopping, cooking two meals a week and occasional babysitting. Call Mrs. Smith on: 617-439-8140. Приложение 6 For questions 1-15, read the test below and decide which word A, B, C, or В best fits each gap. The first has been done as an example. When Brad Rollins left school, he wanted to become an airline (0) A, but since he had poor vision, he (1) …. to enroll at the School of Air Control in Chicago instead. Today, Brad is one of the thousands of people around the world who monitor the skies twenty four hours a day. Aircrafts are (2) …. by radar and appear on screens in front of the controllers as little white dots. Brad and his (3) …. watch where the aircraft are flying, while making sure that they maintain safe (4) …. between one another. This not only helps to (5) … air crashes in the sky, but also (6) …. the number of delays at airports. Another task of an air-traffic controller is to (7) …. pilots if their own navigational systems fail. Brad finds his job exciting but tough because of the huge (8)…. of stress involved. This is understandable as things can go wrong very quickly (9) … the air. A very important requirement made of air traffic controllers is the ability to stay perfectly (10) … in emergencies when they have to (11) …. quickly so that they can prevent disasters. Brad enjoys talking about the excitement of his (12) …. and the thrill he gets from it, (13) …. admits that the odd hours do affect his (14) … life. When he finds time to relax, though, he goes to his local pub for a (15) ….. of darts.
Приложение 7 Read the text and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0): |
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