Т. A. Бойцова, Л. E. Кондаурова, A. В. Соснин


НазваниеТ. A. Бойцова, Л. E. Кондаурова, A. В. Соснин
страница4/14
ТипУчебно-методическое пособие
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   ...   14
D E G R E E S OF C E R T A I N T Y


2.1 M u s t

Expressing Supposition Implying Strong Probability
The form: must + Bare Infinitive (simple, continuous, perfect and perfect

continuous)

The Russian equivalents: должно быть, очевидно, явно

The lexical equivalents: modal words ‘evidently’, ‘surely’, ‘obviously’,

no doubt’, ‘apparently’, ‘certainly

He's a bank manager, so he must be well-paid.

She doesn’t answer the phone, she must be having lunch.

She hasn’t arrived yet. She must have missed the train.

You look tired. You must have been driving for a long time.

The meaning:

In the meaning of supposition implying strong probability, ‘must’ only occurs in affirmative sentences. To express negation, use negative prefixes, pronouns, adverbs, the verb ‘to fail’ or words with the opposite meaning. Do not use ‘must’ in the meaning of supposition with reference to the future. Use ‘to be likely’,’to be sure’ or ‘probably’ instead: He is likely/sure to come tonight.

In the meaning of supposition, ‘must’ may be followed by different forms of the Infinitive. If reference is made to the present, use the Indefinite Infinitive of stative verbs and the Continuous Infinitive of dynamic verbs:

He must know it all. – Он, должно быть / вероятно, все знает.

Nobody answers the doorbell. He must be sleeping – На звонок никто не отвечает. Он, должно быть / вероятно, спит.

If ‘must’ is followed by the Indefinite Infinitive of a dynamic verb, it expresses obligation: You must do the cleaning. – Вы должны здесь убраться.

If ‘must’ is followed by the Perfect Infinitive, it expresses strong supposition that refers to the past. They must have forgotten their promise – Они, должно быть / вероятно, забыли свое обещание.
To make a supposition about a lasting action that started some time ago, use ‘must’ + the Perfect Continuous Infinitive: You are soaking. You must have been waiting for hours in this awful rain – Вы совершенно промокли. Вы, должно быть / вероятно, очень долго прождали под этим ужасным дождем.


Ex.I Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the Infinitive.

1. She must (to play) in the garden тщц.

2. Judging by your story you must (to be) a risky person.

3. Look! They're still here. They must (to sit) here for over an hour.

4. Ann must (to start) her business in a small way.

5. The bell must (to go) already.

6. You must (to joke). He’s been running this business for years.

7. He must (to forget) your address.

8. She must (to know) your sister. They studied together at the University.

9. The work must (to be carried out) in secret for quite a long time.

10. Oh, Tom, think she must (to suffer).

Ex.II Answer the following questions using ‘must’ to express

supposition. Mind the form of the Infinitive.

1. Why do you think the flight was cancelled?

2. What do you think your mother has been doing all this time?

3. Why do you think the teacher is upset?

4. Where do you think Helen is now?

5. What makes you think they have much money?

6. Why do you think they were in a hurry?

7. Look at this charming lady. Can you tell her age?

8. What do you think I was doing all day long yesterday?

9. Why do you think they are so unhappy?

10. Whom do you think I met just now?

Ask questions by analogy.
Ex.III Paraphrase the following sentences.

1. It looks as if you were ill. Your eyes are red.

2. Evidently, he was afraid to tell the truth.

3. There is a crowd of people over there. No doubt something has happened.

4. Obviously, he couldn't give the right answer. The teacher was displeased.

5. Evidently, she isn’t patient with clients. They dislike her.

6. Obviously, he is very observant. Whenever I feel sad he always notices it.

7. I am sure it is pleasant to spend summer in such a picturesque place.

8. You have been absent very long. Surely, you feel hungry.

9. Most probably, he went broke.

10. No doubt they have taken the wrong turn.
Ex.IV Translate into English.

  1. Вы прекрасно выглядите. Должно быть, вы хорошо отдохнули.

  2. По все вероятности, он еще не вернулся.

  3. Очевидно, он не успел на поезд, так как вышел очень поздно.

  4. Почему бы нам не зайти в кафе? Вы, должно быть, очень голодны.

  5. Сегодня чудесная погода. Должно быть, они загорают.

  6. Она уже месяц не выходит из дома. Очевидно, все это время она чувствовала себя плохо.

  7. Он объездил весь мир и, должно быть, знает несколько иностранных языков.

  8. Очевидно, он еще не записался на курсы (to sign up for).

  9. Должно быть, нам придется пропустить тренировку (a training session).

  10. Они сейчас, несомненно, наслаждаются прекрасной погодой.



Ex.V Say what conclusions may be drawn from the following facts. Use

the verb must to express certainty.

1. They have been travelling all day.

2. Alex passed the exam. He didn't study much for it.

3. I haven't seen Ann for ages.

4. The cup didn't break when I dropped it.

5. When I woke up this morning the TV-set was switched on.

6. Jane is putting on her hat and coat.

7. I can't find my paper anywhere.

8. How strange! The shop is closed.

9. Look! There are a lot of people at the bus stop.

10. I feel giddy.
Ex.VI Make the following sentences opposite in meaning. Make all

the other necessary changes.

1. They must have done it the right way.

2. He must have come in time.

3. You must have admitted the truth.

4. She must have controlled her feelings.

5. Everybody must have noticed her leave the room.

6. He must have seen me. He nodded his head.

7. Jane must be very particular about her clothes. She always looks smart.

8. Steve must have kept his promise. He is a man to count on.

9. New employees like her. She must be very patient with them.

10. They are getting on fairly well. He must be an obedient person.
Ex.VII Translate into English expressing strong supposition in negative

sentences.

  1. Должно быть, он опять не смог убедить ее вернуться.

  2. Вероятно, вы не пытались заставить себя работать систематически.

  3. Очевидно, не все гости пришли в назначенный час.

  4. Скорее всего, вы не захотели помочь ему догнать группу.

  5. Должно быть, операция была неудачной. Он до сих пор в больнице.

  6. Вероятно, билетов в кассе не было, и ему пришлось покупать их с рук. (from the sharks)

  7. Очевидно, ремонтировать телевизор не было смысла. Иначе бы он не купил новый.

  8. Скорее всего, мы не успеем на электричку. Остается 15 минут.

  9. Мы, скорее всего, останемся без денег: банк закрывается.



2.2 M a y / M i g h t

Expressing Slight (Uncertain) Supposition
The form: may / might + bare infinitive (simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous)

The Russian equivalent: возможно, может быть

The lexical equivalents: modal words ‘perhaps’, ‘maybe’, ‘possibly
The meaning:

In the meaning of slight supposition, ‘may’ occurs in affirmative and negative sentences. ‘Might’ doesn't change the general meaning of the sentence, but it intensifies the uncertainty of supposition.
Followed by the Perfect Infinitive, ‘might’ is used in reported speech or in past-time contexts:

She said that the train might not have arrived yet.

In the meaning of slight supposition, ‘may’ / ‘might’ can be used with reference to the past, present and future:

1. He may have overslept the lecture. Возможно, лекцию он проспал.

2. He may still be waiting for us. Он, возможно, нас все еще ждет.

3. She may come any minute. Она может прийти в любую минуту.

In the meaning of slight supposition, ‘may’ / ‘might’ can be followed by different forms of the Infinitive. If reference is made to the present, use the Continuous Infinitive of dynamic verbs (see sentence 2 above) and the Indefinite Infinitive of stative verbs (He may be still alive). If followed by the Indefinite Infinitive of a dynamic verb, ‘may’ means permission (You may come in).
Ex.I Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the Infinitive.

1. He may (to be) a good student but he is not easy to deal with.

2. You’d better wait a bit. He may still (to do) his homework.

3. Don't argue with her. She may (to be) right.

4. Betty hasn't decided yet but she may (to enter) the Technical University.

5. I am not sure, but he may (not to hear) the news.

6. I haven't made up my mind yet. But I may (to buy) some shares.

7. Don’t scold her – the task may (to be) too difficult for her, that's why

she made rather many mistakes.

8. I’m afraid our prices might (to go up) from January 1st.

9. He thought they might (to be) still at work.

10. I don't know for sure, but I’m afraid the delivery may (to be) late.
Ex.II Answer the following questions using ‘may’ to express

supposition. Mind the form of the Infinitive.

1. Do you think it'll rain today?

2. Do you think Julia is studying now?

3. Do you think Tony has passed his exam?

4. Do you think we'll be late for the presentation?

5. Do you know when Tom is going to see us?

6. Do you think she's caught up with the group?

7. Do you think he needs to burn up calories?

8. Do you think we’ll have a piece of luck?

9. Do you think he had to change trains?

10. Do you think they dined out in a top restaurant?

Ask questions by analogy.
Ex.III Paraphrase the following sentences.

1. I don't remember whom I gave the book. Maybe I gave it to Michael.

2. For all I know, she is possibly at home.

3. Perhaps she will not come at all. I'd better stay with the child.

4. What are you doing this weekend? – Perhaps I'll go to my aunt's."

5. Maybe she was upset. She didn't say a word.

6. I don't know for sure but perhaps they have known each other since

childhood.

7. Perhaps he will be able to make a valuable contribution to our project.

8. Maybe you've left the book at home.

9. Try this salad – perhaps you'll like it.

10. What a mess! – Possibly she left in a hurry.
Ex.IV

А.Translate into English using modal verbs expressing supposition.

1. Я давно не встречался с ним. Возможно, он куда-то уехал.

2. Никто не мог понять, почему он так растерялся. Как знать, может,

он не ожидал увидеть нас там.

3. Может быть, мы поедем на море в этом году.

4. Сходите в конференц-зал. Возможно, он делает там презентацию

новых продуктов.

5. Она, может быть, и пообещала прийти, но она может и передумать.

6. Как знать, возможно, он задержится на работе.

7. Возможно, они сейчас как раз обедают.

8. Не уверена, но, может быть, он уже отслужил в армии.

9. Возможно, им что-то помешало сделать ремонт сразу после переезда.

10. Кто знает, может, этот проект увенчается успехом.

B. Translate the sentences into English using modal verbs

expressing supposition.

1. Он выглядит очень счастливым: его работу, очевидно, одобрили.

2. Должно быть, очень приятно путешествовать по югу весной.

3. Его зовут Кларк. Возможно, вы слышали о нем.

4. Женщина в синем костюме, стоящая у окна, кажется мне знакомой.

Должно быть, я где-то ее встречала.

5. Напрасно я сказал ему это. Вероятно, он обиделся на меня.

6. Все обязательно будет в порядке: ваша дочь непременно

достигнет успеха.

7. Почему вы сделали эту ошибку? Очевидно, вы были невнимательны

во время объяснения.

8. Лена расстроена. Скорее всего, она опять не сдала экзамен.

  1. Возможно, вы не поняли, что расписание изменили.

  2. Вы, вероятно, не предупредили их о нашем приходе.



Ex.V Say what conclusions may be drawn from the following facts. Use

may’ or ‘might’ to express slight supposition.

1. The weather is getting worse.

2. Nell is in low spirits.

3. Mum is late.

4. Doris hasn't come today.

5. Don went to bed as soon as he came home.

6. The Dean's office is closed.

7. They are unable to make a fortune.

8. In the beginning Britain was slow to use credit.

9. Monica refused to lend me money.

10. He has lost his job.
Ex. VI  [04] Listen to the following dialogue paying attention to the

modals ‘must’, ‘have to’, ‘may’ and ‘can’ followed

by the Passive Infinitive.

John: This room is in a mess. Before you go, it must be cleaned.

George: What has to be done?

John: The floor must be swept, the ash-trays must be emptied, the orange-peel

must be picked up. All these papers must be put away. The shelves must

be dusted, and the books must be arranged in alphabetical order. And

don’t forget: don’t leave the window open, don’t lock the door, don’t

move any papers, don’t make a mess.

George: We’ll need a broom.

John: Go and buy one.

George: I haven’t any money.

John: Don’t argue. Do as I say. Get a move on. I’m going to the pictures.

George: If the police arrive I may be arrested. I may be taken away, I may be

questioned, I may be put in prison.

John: Why?

George: Because I didn’t go to their charity concert.

John: Nonsense! Go on with your work. It must be finished by six o’clock.

George: It can’t be done.

John: Why not?

George: No broom.

John: Find one.

George: I’ve looked everywhere.

John: Well, beg, borrow or steal one. The room can’t be left this way. Go

and ask Mary.

George: Ask her yourself. I’m going on strike. Get me a broom or I don’t

clean the room.
Ex.VII Reproduce the dialogue following the speakers’ intonation.
Ex. VIII Make up a dialogue by analogy using the pattern

‘modal verb + the Passive Infinitive’.

2.3 C a n / C o u l d

Expressing Supposition Implying Disbelief, Doubt, Surprise

in Negative and Interrogative Sentences
The form: can / could / can't / couldn't + bare Infinitive (simple, continuous,

perfect and perfect continuous)

The Russian equivalent: неужели, не может быть, невероятно

The lexical equivalent: modal words – impossible, unlikely, improbable,

incredible, doubtful, is it possible?

I don’t believe it, I greatly doubt

"No, no, no!" cried she."Don't say it! It isn't true! It can't be true!"

In this meaning, ‘can’ and ‘could’ only occcur in interrogative and negative

sentences:

1. Can it be true? 2. It can’t be true.

Could’ doesn’t change the meaning. It makes the statement milder and less categorical.

Couldn't’ must be used if the finite verb in the principal clause is in the past: He said that Mary couldn't have done it.
In the meaning of supposition, ‘can’ / ‘could’ may be followed by different forms of the Infinitive. If reference is made to the present, use the Indefinite Infinitive of stative verbs and the Continuous Infinitive of dynamic verbs:

Can he be over forty?

Can Peter be telling lies?

If ‘can’ is followed by the Simple Infinitive of a dynamic verb, it expresses ability: Can you play the piano?

Sentences of the kind ‘Неужели он не сказал им об этом?’ are rendered into English with the help of ‘Can it be true that...?’ or the verb ‘to fail’.

Can it be true that he hasn't told them about it?

Can he have failed to come?

Ex.I Use the correct form of the Infinitive.

1. Something must have happened. He can't (to be) late.

2. Can he (to use) the car in your absence?

3. He can't (to fail) to notice you.

4. Can he (to jog) still?

5. He is over eighty. He can't (to read) without glasses.

6. Can he (be) a student?

7. Can it (to be) so late now?

8. You could not (to see) her at the party. She was at home working at

her English.

9. I don't believe her. She cannot (to forget) to bring the book. She simply

didn't want to.

10. Can they (to do) the flat so often?
Ex.II Answer the following questions expressing surprise, disbelief or

doubt. Give your reasons.

1. Are they married?

2. Have they quarrelled?

3. Did Olga know about the plan?

4. Is she serious?

5. Do you really think they have travelled much?

6. Is he English?

7. Was this house built in 1890?

8. Do you believe he is an efficient manager?

9. Has he made a good financist?

10. Are they still working?

Ask questions by analogy.
Ex.III Paraphrase the following sentences.

1. It is impossible that he should prefer music to reading.

2. Is it possible that he has given up football?

3. I don't believe that he missed the train.

4. Is it possible that Mum hasn't come yet?

5. It's unbelievable that Ann is still writing her paper.

6. It is impossible that he is brilliant with numbers.

7. I don't believe he’s grown into a handsone man. He used to be so plump.

8. It is impossible that he enjoys taking risks.

9. Can it be true that once money-lending for profit was considered to be a

crime?

10. Is it possible that he made no attempt to escape?
Ex.IV Translate into English.

1. Неужели вы забыли билеты дома?

2. Не может быть, чтобы она не приготовила ему какой-нибудь подарок.

3. Неужели они так и не помирились.

4. Неужели это правда, что он все время бездельничает и не помогает

родителям?

5. Неужели ты все это время смотрел телевизор?

6. Не может быть, чтобы продавец вас обманул.

7. Неужели вы перепутали адрес?

8. Неужели она провалилась на вступительных экзаменах.

9. Не может быть, чтобы ей было так много лет. Она выглядит не старше

тридцати.

10. Неужели вы так и не узнали, в какой больнице она находится?
Ex.V Express surprise, disbelief, doubt. Give your reasons.

1. The door is locked on the inside.

2. They didn't get Mary on the phone.

3. It looks like raining.

4. They say the project is a complete failure.

5. Ray refused to take part in the conference.

6. I hear they treat her unkindly.

7. This film was made by a very good director.

8. Boris left five minutes ago.

9. She is going to Italy this summer.

10. The service is always quick and the bill is modest at our cafeteria.

Ex.VI Translate from Russian into English using the required modal.

  1. Не может быть, чтобы он забыл о нашей встрече.

  2. Не может быть, чтобы сейчас было только 5 часов. Ваши часы, должно быть, остановились.

  3. Никак не может быть, чтобы у нее был большой опыт преподавания французского языка. Она окончила институт только в прошлом году.

  4. Не может быть, чтобы он работал в это время.

  5. Неужели эта книга стоит так дорого?

  6. Неужели он не извинился перед ней?

  7. Не может быть, чтобы книга не произвела на нее впечатления.

  8. Вряд ли он виноват.

  9. Не может быть, чтобы он провалился на экзамене.

10. Не может быть, чтобы он хотел обидеть вас.

11. Я не верю, что в прошлом году он читал книги в оригинале.

Он знал еще слишком мало слов.

12. Я не верю, чтоб они ходили в кино вчера. Мы договорились

посмотреть этот фильм вместе на будущей неделе.

13. Не может быть, чтобы они не пришли к единому мнению.

14. Очень сомневаюсь, что вы бы не захотели принять такой подарок.

15. Неужели вы никогда не слышали о Лувре?

16. Не может быть, чтобы он не заехал за ней.

17. Разве мог кто-нибудь подумать, что ты ни с кем не посоветуешься,

до того как уволиться с работы?

18. Не может быть, чтобы они все заранее не предусмотрели.

19. Вряд ли ты не услышала будильник. Скажи, что тебе хотелось

еще поспать.

20. Очень сомневаюсь, что он не распускал о тебе сплетни.

(spread stories)

Ex.VII Paraphrase the following sentences.

1. Is it possible that you didn't help Mother to do the flat?

2. It is impossible that Ann didn't keep her word.

3. I don't believe that he didn't accept the offer.

4. It's hardly likely that he doesn't want to join us.

5. It is unbelievable that you don't like sport.

6. Is it possible that Charlie didn't want to divorce his wife?

7. It’s very doubtful that you don't feel like going to France.

8. Is it possible that your sister can't improve the situation?

9. I don't believe you've never paid any taxes.

10. It's impossible that you don't know anything about your fellow students.
Ex.VIII Continue the following list of sentences. Make up a dialogue with

some of them.

Who could have thought / expected / supposed etc. that she would

- go to work to Ireland?!

- get a fantastic contract with "Vogue"?!

- have turned down this offer?!

- have refused to participate in the pilot project?

- have started a career in advertising?
    1. 2.4 The Modal Word-Combination ‘To be Liable to Do Sth’


The modal word-combination ‘to be liable to do it’ needs special attention drawn to it. It has strong modality and several shades of meaning. Its lexico-grammatical equivalents are:

  1. to be able to do sth (possibility)

The expert is liable to evaluate all the facts.

  1. to be likely to do sth (supposition)

He is liable to shout when he gets angry.

Be careful! The car is liable to overheat.

3. to be obliged, bound, authorized to do sth

The office manager is not liable to sign contracts.

4.to be legally responsible for sth

Who is liable for your family debts?
Ex. I Analyse the following sentences and rephrase them using ‘to be

liable to do smth

  1. Ken is a competent business manager. He is able to handle any tricky

situations.

  1. My business partners are likely to get things done well.

  2. The jury is very likely to believe he was in the apartment at the time of the crime.

  3. Is your PR-specialist likely to approve of the slogan?

  4. He declared thst he was not responsible for his wife’s debts.

  5. He is bound to succeed.

  6. People who walk on the grass are legally punished with a fine of ₤5.

  7. Diana tends to lose her temper in difficult situations.

  8. The general manager is reasonable enough to assign an efficient accountant to the project.

  9. Peter File is sure to get control over the money.


Part III

M O D A L S E X P R E S S I N G P O S S I B I L I T Y
3.1 C a n, B e A b l e T o

Expressing Mental and Physical Ability
Form: can – could – to be (un)able to

Meaning:

Can’ expresses physical or mental ability, possibility

Russian equivalents: мочь, уметь, быть способным что-то сделать

Can’ is used in all types of sentences. ‘To be able’ is used when

reference is made to the future.

She can speak English quite well but she can't write it at all.

I hope she will soon be able to write, too.
Ex.I Make up sentences by analogy.

1. I can speak English now, but I could not when I first went to school.

2. Ted could ride a bike when he was seven years old.

3. Dave wanted to get up and run but he could not do it.

4. When I was younger I could run fast.

5. Helen can walk to the University.
Ex.II Tell your fellow students what you will be able to do.

Model: I can see you later...(when you return).

I'll be able to see you when you return.

1. Monica can cook well ... (when she has had more practice).

2. She can’t believe you... (unless you tell her the truth).

3. Diana can speak fluent English... (after she has had some intensive

language training).

4. The people from the village can’t reach the house... (until it stops

raining).

5. You can study economics... (if you enter that college).

6. Dave can play the violin... (when his arm is better).

7. They can work at the... (when they graduate from the University).

8. We can go on an excursion...(if we have spare time on Sunday).

9. We can join you... (if you see to the tickets).

10. I can watch TV... (until Mum goes to bed).

Ex.III Use ‘either... or, neither...or, both… and, not only… but’ to

describe a possible or impossible alternative.

Model: Either Ann or Carol could manage money.

Neither Bob nor Steve will be able to fix barbecue.

Who could... ? Who will be able to... ?

1 ... apply for this job?

2 ... help move heavy furniture?

3 ... advise you about University studies.

4 ... entertain a Spanish visitor?

5 ... drive you to the airport?

6 ... teach you to ride?

7 ... entertain an Arabic-speaking guest?

8 ... play in a basketball match?

9 ... paint a picture?

10 ... challenge the accuracy of this statement?

11 ... consult you on the usage of English articles?
Ex.IV Translate into English.

  1. Мои родители не умеют говорить на французском языке. А я умел

говорить на нем уже в 8 лет.

  1. Я не могу пить этот кофе. Он слишком крепкий.

  2. Еще несколько лет назад я не одобряла кредитные карты, а сейчас пользуюсь ими с удовольствием.

  3. Где здесь можно снять квартиру?

  4. Вы полагаете, это поможет увеличить объемы продаж?

  5. К сожалению, мы не сможем потратить столько денег на ремонт.

  6. В прошлом году мы не смогли заработать много денег на своей продукции, а в этом получим большую прибыль.

  7. Умел ли твой отец играть в теннис, когда был молодым?

  8. Выполнив это задание, вы сможете перейти к следующему.

  9. Он, безусловно, сможет позаботиться о своих сестрах, но как он может заменить им родителей?



Ex.V Compare the following using can’ and ‘can't’.

1. Men and women.

2. Extroverts and introverts.

3. Adults and children.

4. Managers and subordinates.

5. Office and factory workers.

Suggest your own ideas for comparison.

Ex.VI Plan and describe what you can do:

1. Next week-end.

2. Tonight.

3. Tomorrow.

4. On the coming vacation.

5. At the lecture.

6. During the break.

7. During the intermission at the theatre.

8. While waiting for the train to pull in.

9. While staying in London.

10. While waiting for the bus.
Ex.VII Use in a dialogue.

1. He can teach you to drive a car.

2. Susan has hurt her leg. She won't be able to go on the excursion.

3. When at school, I couldn't read books in the original.

4. Do you think we will be able to reduce production costs next quarter

by introducing new production methods and optimising the use of

available resources?

5. We she be able to use a computer after attending an in-job training course?

  1. Are you able to succeed in your field?


Ex. VIII  [05] Listen to the following dialogue and analyse the use of

can’ and ‘must

Mary: Hello, is that you, John?

John: Yes; is that you, Mary?

Mary: Yes, can you hear me?

John: No, I can’t. The line’s very bad. Can you hear me?

Mary: Yes, just. Can you speak louder?

John: Is that better?

Mary: Yes, that’s fine. Can you come over today?

John: Sorry, I can’t.

Mary: When can you come?

John: I can’t come today, but I can come tomorrow.

Mary: Can you bring George?

John: I can, but I don’t want to.

Mary: If you don’t we can’t play tennis. Is there anyone else?

John: I can ask Bill. Can you ask Jane?

Mary: Yes, if you like. Then we can play doubles.

John: Do you still want George?

Mary: Yes, he’s essential.

John: Why?

Mary: We must have someone to pick up the balls!

John: I mustn’t tell him that, or he won’t come.

Mary: He must come early. He mustn’t be late. And you must speak to him

about his behaviour. He mustn’t swear. He mustn’t spit. He mustn’t

kick the dog.

John: And I must make him wash behind his ears. He must learn to live like

a civilized human being. Is there anything else I must bring?

Mary: Yes, you mustn’t forget to bring a towel. After tennis we can go

swimming in the pool. We can’t swim in the river because it’s too

shallow. Can George swim?

John: Yes, he can, like a rock.

Mary: Good. We can throw him into the deep end.
Ex. IX Reproduce the dialogue following the speakers’ intonation.
Ex. X Make up a dialogue by analogy using the same grammar patterns.

3.2 M a y

Expressing Possibility of a General Kind
1   2   3   4   5   6   7   8   9   ...   14

Похожие:

Т. A. Бойцова, Л. E. Кондаурова, A. В. Соснин iconИменем Российской Федерации постановление от 18 июля 2013 г. N 19-п...
Д. Зорькина, судей К. В. Арановского, А. И. Бойцова, Н. С. Бондаря, Г. А. Гаджиева, Ю. М. Данилова, Л. М. Жарковой, Г. А. Жилина,...

Т. A. Бойцова, Л. E. Кондаурова, A. В. Соснин iconРабочая программа по истории ступень обучения 6 класс основное общее образование
М. А. Бойцова, Н. Г. Петровой «История Средних веков». М. Русское слово, 2012 и авторской программы курсов Е. В. Пчёлова М.: Русское...

Вы можете разместить ссылку на наш сайт:


Все бланки и формы на filling-form.ru




При копировании материала укажите ссылку © 2019
контакты
filling-form.ru

Поиск