Учебное пособие по грамматике английского языка для студентов 1-го курса во направлений: 08. 03. 01 «Строительство», 38. 03. 01 «Экономика», 15. 03. 05 «Конструкторско-технологическое обеспечение машинострои
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| .London the capital of Great Britain. It lies in the south East of England on both banks of the river Thames. London is one of the largest cities in the world and the largest port and industrial town in England. London is more than twenty centuries old. The heart of the capital is the City. The territory of the City is only about one square mile, but it is the financial and business center of the country. The West End of London is famous for its beautiful monuments and palaces, fine parks, fashionable shops and big hotels. The East End is quite different from the West End. It is the district of factories, plants and the docks. The main branches of industry are machine building, shipbuilding, metal processing and others. There are many places of interest in London. One of them is Trafalgar square with the Nelson’s monument 185 feet high. Buckingham Palace is the royal residence. Westminster Abbey is one of the most beautiful buildings in London. Across the road from Westminster Abbey are the Houses of Parliament, the seat of the British government. The clock tower is over the Houses of Parliament. It contains ‘Big Ben’ – one of the largest clocks in the world. The Tower of London is one of the most interesting places in London. It was a fortress, a royal residence, a prison, now it is a museum. London is famous for its green parks. Hyde Park is the most popular of them. London is the center of the country’s cultural life. There are many picture galleries and museums there. The National Gallery houses a priceless collection of paintings. The famous British Museum is one of the best museums in the world.
The United States of America is the 4th largest country in the world after Russia, Canada and China. The country is washed by 3 oceans: The Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The longest of which is the Mississippi. The highest mountains are the Rocky Mountains, the Cordillera, the Appalachi, and the Sierra Nevada. The country is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals. The country population is over 250 mln., consists of all races and nations. The official language is English. The national symbol of the USA is the USA is the national flag “Stars and Stripes”, having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes. Officially the country comprises 50 states and 1 district – Columbia. The States differ in size, population. Each state has its own capital. The capital of the USA is Washington. There are also many large cities: New York, Los Angeles, Chicago, Philadelphia, San Francisco and others. The USA is a federal state, headed by the President. According to the USA Constitution the powers of the Government are divided into 3 branches; legislative, executive and judicial. The country has a multiparty system. The largest of the parties are the Republican (symbolized by a donkey) and the Democratic (symbolized by an elephant). 2. Ответить письменно на вопросы на английском языке.
The American flag is often called the “Stars and Stripes.” It has thirteen stripes and fifty stars, one for each state. There are many rules for the flag: for example, you should display it only during the day, and you should fold it in a special way. One of the most famous symbols of the U.S. is the Statue of Liberty. France gave the statue to the U.S. in 1884 as a symbol of friendship and freedom. It is in New York Harbor, and it was the first sight many immigrants saw when they arrived in the U.S. The eagle became the official national symbol of the U.S. in 1782. It carries an olive branch (a sign of piece) and arrows (signs of strength). You can see the eagle on the back of a dollar bill. “Uncle Sam” is a cartoon symbol of the U.S. Government. He has appeared in magazines, newspapers and on posters for the last 150 years. During the War of 1812 against England a man named Samuel Wilson sold meat to the U.S. government for its soldiers. Everyone called him Uncle Sam. The first Letters of Uncle Sam, “U.S.”, were the same as the first letters of the United States. After the war, cartoons of Uncle Sam as the U.S. government began to appear. Every state in the U.S. has its own flag, its own symbol and its own song too. These are not as well known as the national ones, but they are used in all state ceremonial events. 2 Ответить письменно на вопросы на английском языке.
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