Лексика на тему Путешествие - Travel
Путешествие
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Travel
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автобус
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bus
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аэропорт
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airport
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багаж
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baggage, luggage
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бензин
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gas, gasoline
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билет
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ticket
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валюта
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(foreign/hard) currency
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велосипед
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bicycle, bike
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взлетать/взлететь
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to take off, to leave the ground
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виза
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visa
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вокзал
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(railroad/train) station
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говорить по-русски
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to speak Russian
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город
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town; city
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гостиница
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hotel
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граница
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border, frontier
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ехать/поехать за границу
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to go abroad
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железная дорога
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railroad
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загорать/загореть
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to get (sun)burnt; to get a (sun)tan
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загорелый
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sunburnt; tanned, brown, bronzed
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иностранец
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foreigner
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иностранный
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foreign
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каникулы
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(school/university) vacation
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карта
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map
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корабль
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ship
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лёгкий
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light
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машина
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car, automobile
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мотоцикл
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motorcycle, motorbike
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направление
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direction
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номер
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(hotel) room
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отдыхать
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to be on vacation; to rest, to be resting
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открытка
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postcard
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отправляться/отправиться
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to set out, to leave, to depart
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отпуск
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vacation, leave
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палатка
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tent
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паспорт
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passport
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пляж
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beach
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поезд
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train
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поездка
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(short) journey; trip, excursion, outing, tour
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понимать/понять
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to understand
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порт
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port; harbor
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прибывать/прибыть
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to arrive
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приземляться/приземлиться
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to land, to touch down
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провожать/проводить
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to see off, to accompany
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путешествие
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journey, voyage
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путешествовать
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to travel
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рюкзак
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backpack
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садиться/сесть (на что)
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to get on, to board; to embark
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самолёт
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(air)plane
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скучать (по кому/чему)
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to miss, to long/yearn (for)
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спасательная куртка
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life-jacket
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страна
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country
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странный
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strange, odd
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сходить/сойти (с чего)
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to get off, to alight (from)
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такси
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taxi
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трамвай
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streetcar, trolley, tram
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туризм
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tourism
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чемодан
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suitcase
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экзотический
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exotic
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Задание: закончить диалог.
Agent: Good morning. Distant Dreams Travel.
Billy: Oh, hello. Do you sell airline tickets for New Zealand?
Agent: Yes.
Billy: Right. I’d like four tickets from London Heathrow to New Zealand.
Agent: What’s your exact destination?
Billy: Auckland.
Agent: And when do you want to go?
Billy: I’d like to go on Friday the fifth of next month.
Agent: Return or one-way?
Billy: I’d like return tickets, please. We want to come back one month later.
Agent: OK. I’ll just check on the computer. OK, do you want economy or business class?
Billy: Oh, business class is expensive. I prefer economy. How much is that?
Agent:
Billy: The cheaper one. Air New
Zealand, I think. What time does the flight leave London?
Agent:
Billy: Is it a direct flight?
Agent:
Billy: Fine. I’d like four tickets then, please.
Фразы для восполнения диалога:
- What flights to Boston have you got?
- There are two flights a week on Tuesday and on Friday.
- What time? - I want one single tourist class ticket for Tuesday.
- At 11.30 every Tuesday and at 8.30 every Friday.
- How much is the tourist class ticket to Boston? - A single ticket is 50 dollars and a return ticket is 110.
Чтение с полным охватом содержания.
Text «Tourists in London»
Hello! Welcome to London, the capital of Great Britain. My name is Jenny. I'm going to be your guide and I'll show you around the center of London and I'll tell you a few words about our traffic rules.
There is a lot of traffic in the streets of London. Most of London buses are the famous double deckers that have two buses; they run from London to the countryside. Brown buses belong to British railways.
Be careful when you cross the street in London, because in Britain the traffic keeps to the left, and not to the right as in European countries. When you want to cross the street, look first to the right and then to the left.
The traffic lights here are not like in Europe. The red light says "stop", the green light says "wait" and the yellow light says "cross". "Keep left" is the general rule in Great Britain. People cross the street at the black- and-white crossing, but if they are in a hurry they just run across at any place. Sometimes a policeman stops them. They call them "Bobby". He stands at street corners regulating the traffic.
Отметьте, какое утверждение верно, а какое -нет, исправьте неверные утверждения.
1. In the streets of London you must keep to the right.
2. Most of London buses are green "double- deckers".
3. The famous double-deckers have two platforms for passengers.
4. When you cross the street in Europe, look first to the right and then to the left.
5. In London the yellow light says "wait".
ПРАКТИЧЕСКАЯ РАБОТА №21
ТЕМА: Спортивные истории - прогнозирование содержания текста, аудирование. Курьезы в нашей жизни – рассказ о забавном эпизоде из жизни
Цели практической работы: способствовать развитию навыков употребления и понимания новых слов, формирование умения у обучающихся самостоятельно работать с текстом, тренировка употребления грамматических структур.
Грамматический материал:
Употребление глаголов в Past Simple, Past Continuous и Past Perfect
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Simple (Indefinite)
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утвердительные
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вопросы
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отрицания
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Present
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V1
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do
does
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V1
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do
does
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not
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V1
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Past
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V2
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did
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did
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Future
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will
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V1
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will
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will
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ключевые слова:
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Present Simple
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usually, always, often, every day, never
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Past Simple
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last week, yesterday, last month, days ago, the other day, long time ago
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Future Simple
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soon, tomorrow, next Monday, in the future
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примеры:
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Present Simple
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Every day I go to school.
He always goes there as he works as a teacher.
Where do you usually go on hollidays?
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Past Simple
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Yesterday we went to the cinema.
When I was young I usually lived in France.
What time did he get up this morning?
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Future Simple
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I'll visit my aunt tomorrow.
Will you read this book?
He won't do this as he is too lazy.
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пояснения:
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Времена группы Simple (Indefinite) по праву считаются самыми сложными из всех времён. Только представьте: в утвердительном предложении в настоящем и прошедшем времени мы не используем никаких вспомогательных глаголов, а в вопросе и отрицании они появляются из ниоткуда. Да ещё в настоящем нужно решать "do" или "does" использовать. Именно поэтому больше всего ошибок встречается в группе времён с обманчивым названием "Simple".
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Continuous
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утвердительные / вопросы / отрицания
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Present
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am
is
are
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Ving
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Past
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was
were
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Future
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will
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be
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ключевые слова:
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Present Continuous
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still, at the moment, at present, this minute
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Past Continuous
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at six o'clock yesterday, when my father came, while
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Future Continuous
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when she arrives, at 7 next Monday
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примеры:
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Present Continuous
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We are sitting at the moment.
What are you doing under the table?
She isn't working at the moment.
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Past Continuous
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We were playing tennis when the rain started.
He was doing test while I was reading a book.
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Future Continuous
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Will you be playing tennis when I come?
Tomorrow at six I'll be writing letters.
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пояснения:
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Я не зря сделал таблицы несколько неудобными на первый взгляд, постарался поместить все вспомогательные глаголы в одну колонку, "will" вынес отдельно от всего остального. Это всё было сделано только для того, чтобы дать вам понять, что у времён "Continuous" и "Perfect" вспомогательных глаголов, в сущности, только два: "to be" и "to have". Всевозможные "am","were" или "had" - это не более чем их формы. С осознанием этого понимать времена английских глаголов становиться на порядок легче.
При образовании вопросов и отрицаний ничего нового в этих временах не происходит, используется тот же вспомогательный, что был в утвердительном предложении, только может измениться порядок слов в предложении.
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Perfect
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утвердительные / вопросы / отрицания
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Present
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have
has
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V3
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Past
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had
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Future
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will
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have
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ключевые слова:
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Present Perfect
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since, for, ever, never, just, already
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Past Perfect
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when we arrived, yesterday at four, before
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Future Perfect
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by the time, tomorrow at eight.
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примеры:
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Present Perfect
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I have never seen her before.
We've just had lunch.
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Past Perfect
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I didn't know who she was. I'd never seen her before.
Had he already gone when you arrived?
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Future Perfect
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The film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.
Next year they will have been married for 25 years.
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пояснения:
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Как правило, при переводе на русский язык мы отбрасываем вспомогательные глаголы за ненадобностью. Однако попытки их переводить, могут быть очень полезны для понимания употребления времён групп "Continuous" и "Perfect". Давайте попробуем:
I'm sitting - "я есть сидящий". What are you looking for? - "Что есть ты ищущий?"
I've done the exercises - "Я имею сделанными упражнения". Have you ever been to the USA? - "Ты имел когда-нибудь побывать в США? (ты имеешь такой опыт?)"
Ну, как, помогает? Тренируйтесь и у вас всё получиться.
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Упражнения 1. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в Past Simple или Past Continuous.
1.I (to play) computer games yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games at five o'clock yesterday. 3. He (to play) computer games from two till three yesterday. 4. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. What Nick (to do) when you came to his place? 6. What you (to do) when I rang you up? 7. I (not to sleep) at nine o'clock yesterday. 8. What he (to do) yesterday? - He (to read) a book. 9. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? --He (to read) a book. 10. She (to sleep) when you came home? 11. My brother (not to play) tennis yesterday. He (to play) tennis the day before yesterday. 12. My sister (not to play) the piano at four o'clock yesterday. She (to play) the piano the whole evening. 13. When I came into the kitchen, mother (to cook). 14. She (to cook) the whole day yesterday. 15. We (to wash) the floor in our flat yesterday. 16. We (to wash) the floor in our flat from three till four yesterday. 17. You (to do) your homework yesterday? 18. You (to do) your homework from eight till ten yesterday? 19. Why she (to sleep) at seven o'clock yesterday? 20. He (to sit) at the table the whole evening yesterday.
Упражнения 2. Дополните предложения правильной формой Present Perfect
I know who your boss is. I (work) for him.
Look! Somebody already (broke) the tree.
Mary (go) to Moskow, but she’ll be back next Monday at the latest.
Andy is in hospital now. He (have) a bad crash.
Jane is crying. She (hurt) her knee.
Упражнения 3. Заполните пропуски sinse или for.
Mike left school when he was 16. … then he has had five cars. He usually keeps a car … a year. Then he gets bored with it and buys another one. As far as his dad, he has had the same car … ten years. Mike can’t understand that. He’s had this Ford Mondeo … 2002 and it’s still going well. He’ll probably keep it … a few month.
Упражнения 4. Поставьте правильную форму глагола в Present Perfect Simple или Present Perfect Continuous.
- Hi, Mark! I (not/see) you for ages.
- Hi. I (work) quite hard as usual. How about you?
- Great. I (look) around for a new flat, but I (not/find) one yet.
- What’s wrong with your old one?
- It’s OK. But I (just/get) a new job and it’s on the other side of town. By the way, you (finish) that book I gave you last month?
- I (not/have) time, I was very busy. I (start) it but I’ve only got as far as the first chapter.
- What you (do) since I last saw you?
- I (prepare) for exams, of course. I (take) maths I’ve still got physics and chemistry to go.
- How did the maths exam go?
- I think I (pass) it. We’ll see.
Спортивные истории.
Прочитатайте и озаглавьте текст по заданным вариантам. Определите главную мысль текста.
1 Вариант
Ice hockey is one of the most action-paced of sports, demanding skillful skating, expert stick-handling, and masterly puck control.
The game developed in the frozen expanses of North America, and a hundred years ago became the national winter sport of Canada. It also became very popular in the northern states of the United States, and later spread to Europe, Japan, and even to Australia.
The game probably arose from boys playing on the ice. The kids probably fashioned pucks from frozen "horse apples" and adapted tree branches as hockey sticks, and played on cleared stretches of frozen lakes and rivers, and backyard rinks.
Soon it was inevitable that teams began to play against each other and leagues were formed. The earliest mention of the team ice hockey game is a newspaper description of the game played at the Victoria Skating Rink in Montreal in 1875.
Originally the leagues and national competitions in Canada were amateur. In 1917 the first professional league was formed, the National Hockey League (or NHL), with four clubs — Montreal Canadians, Montreal Wanderers, Ottawa Senators, and Toronto Arenas.
Later clubs were formed in American cities, and the NHL spread to the United States. In 1972 a rival professional organisation was formed, the World Hockey Association (or WHA).
In 1893 Lord Stanley, the Governor-General of Canada, presented a silver trophy, the Stanley Cup to the winners and play-offs for the Stanley Cup began, which then became the symbol of professional hockey supremacy.
Canadian-style ice hockey spread rapidly in Europe between the two World Wars. In the northern countries it had to compete against bandy.
Hockey is a team game played on an ice surface, known as a rink. Six players — a goalkeeper, two defence-men, and three forwards — constitute a side.
The game is divided into three periods, each lasting twenty minutes of actual playing time with -10-minute intervals.
There are five face-off spots whereby the puck is dropped by the referee between the sticks of two players. After a goal is scored, the puck is brought back to center ice for another face-off.
The playing area (rink) is 188 to 200 feet long, and about 85 feet wide. The playing area is subdivided into three zones — defensive, neutral and attacking — by two blue lines (called off-side lines) teams defensive zone is that zone where the goal cage, which it is defending, is located. The zone at- the opposite end of the rink is known as the teams attacking zone.
The area between is known as the neutral zone and is divided at the centre by a red line. This line plays an important role in the game's body checking regulations.
Players are subject to a variety of penalties leading to their dismissal from the ice for two minutes or more, thus giving the other team a one-man advantage for the duration of the penalty or until a goal is scored.
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2 Вариант
We often hear a saying "Dont invent a bicycle" about something simple and known fora long time.
Really, the bicycle is old enough - more than a hundred years of age. Its first prototype appeared in 1791 in France. In 1800 a Russian peasant Artamonov made an iron bicycle and travelled on it from Nizhni Tagil to Moscow.
First bicycles looked odd: a large (about 1.5 m high) front wheel with a cranked axle.
The back wheel was usually smaller. Bicycles were made of iron and riding them was not comfortable because of shaking. They were even called "boneshakers".
In 1868 rubber tyres were invented, first solid, then pneumatic. New types of bicycles appeared eve ryyearbut only in 1885 people sawa model which looked like modern cycles. It had two almost equal wheels and a chain drive to the rearwheel. The frame of the cycle was diamond-shaped. This shape survived and became basic. The new machine looked more elegant than the old "spiders" which were soon abandoned. As time went by, new bicycles were invented -fortwo, three and even fifteen riders!
The first bicycle race was held in 1868 in Paris. But the sport became popular only several decades later because bicycles were expensive and only rich people could afford them. By the end of the 19th century many factories produced thousands of bicycles which became cheap, so many people could practise cycling and take part in various competitions. Cycling competitions are generally divided into road and track events. Both kinds are in the Olympic programme. Olympic road events include individual and team races.
Individual races' distances are different usually up to 200 kilometres. The winner is the first cyclist who passes over the finish line with his front wheel.
In the team road event the teams start the contest with 2-4 minutes interval, and that team wins whose members get the best sum ot timings.
Track events take place on special cycling tracks which look like elongated stadiums with a sloping runway made of concrete, wood or plastics.
Track events are very spectacular. The Olympic programme includes 1 km sprint races, 1 km heat ortime trial, individual pursuit and team pursuit over 4 km.
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3 Вариант
I am going to tell you about the history of football, one the most popular sport games all over the World. Football is a popular sport played all over the world. It is the national sport of most European and Latin-American countries and of many other nations.
Millions of people in more than 140 countries play football. Football is played in the Olympics. Games similar to football were played in China as early as 400 ВС. Egyptians played a kind of football too. They played games involving the kicking of a ball.
In about 200 AD the Romans played a game in which two teams tried to score by advancing a ball across a line on the field. The Romans passed the ball to one another but they never kicked it.
London children in about 1100 played a form of soccer in the streets. During the 1800's the people of England played a game similar to football. Many rules changed and each person interpreted the rules differently.
Now, the sport has grown to a global scale, including men's and women's teams and the World Cup and European Championship competitions, which is played every four years. Also there is League of Champions and FIFA Cup competitions which take place every year in Europe.
Football originated with kicking games played by people in ancient times. The modern version came from England. Football was not that popular kind of game until the mid-1900s.
It started as a game involving kicking and handing, but late} this branched off into two separate sports: rugby and football, which is what the Americans call soccer. Around the late nineteenth century, English football began spreading over Europe.
The United States was one of the last to implement football as a national sport. The Canadian Soccer Association was established in 1912 while the United States Soccer Federation was set up in 1913.
The first World Cup Championship was in Montevideo, Uruguay. Since then it has been played every four years except during World War II. The North American Soccer League (NASL) was formed in 1968. But it didn't gain popularity until the 1970's.
The rules of play for soccer are simple. The referee makes most of the decisions and attempts to encourage fair play. The game starts off with a kick off and the teams are allowed to pass, dribble, juggle, head, kick and shoot the ball to place it down the field, and (hopefully or eventually) into their opponent's goal.
If the ball is kicked off the field over the length of the field, the other team is given a throw-in, where the ball is thrown over the player's head, and back onto the field.
If the ball is kicked over the goal or across the width of the field, either a corner kick results, realizing by the offensive team, where the ball is placed on the corner of the field and kicked into play or the defensive team is awarded a kick, where the ball is placed on the corner of the goal box, and kicked back into play.
If a goal is scored, the ball is taken back to the centre of the field and the team, scored against, kicks off and keeps playing.
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