Pattern: I read the book.
I have read the book.
(I’ve read the book.)
1. He saw this film.
2. She wrote a new book.
3. He answered my question.
4. Mr. Smith spoke to me about it.
5. I heard about the play.
6. She made two mistakes in her dictation.
7. They went to the theater tonight.
8. We read a play by Shakespeare.
9. You left your book at home.
10. John gave us the tickets.
Exercise 60. Transform the sentences into general questions
Pattern: Jane has seen this film.
(Jane’s seen this film.)
Has Jane seen this film?
1. Mother has told me to answer the letter.
2. I’ve enjoyed the performance.
3. This painter has lived in Paris for a long time.
4. Granny has prepared the dinner.
5. He’s written a letter to his parents.
6. They’ve seen this film.
7. You’ve written this exercise.
8. She’s finished her work.
9. You’ve received some letters from him this week.
Exercise 61. Give negative answer
Has mother told you to answer this question?
Pattern: No, she hasn’t.
1. Have you enjoyed the performance?
2. Has this painter lived in Paris for a long time?
3. Has granny prepared the dinner?
4. Has he written a letter to his parents?
5. Have they seen this film?
6. Has the manager signed this document?
7. Have you written the exercise?
Exercise 62. Put questions to the underlined words
1. They’ve never been to any foreign countries. (2)
2. We’ve already seen this new film. (3)
3. His friend has translated two English books into Russian. (3)
4. They’ve never lived here. (2)
5. They’ve sent us several telegrams lately. (4)
Exercise 63. Use the Present Perfect and the Past Simple
1. «You (to see) the new picture by Picasso?» «Yes.» «How you (to like) it?» «I like it very much.»
2. «You ever (to be) to Leningrad?» «Yes, I (to go) there last winter.»
3. «Is Father at home?» «No, he (not to come) yet.»
4. I just (to finish) work and (to read) a book.
5. «Where is you son?» «He (not to come) home from school yet.» «I think he still (to play) football.»
6. «When your children (to come) back to town?» «They (not to come) back yet.»
7. You (to do) the translation already? You only (to begin) it 20 minutes ago.
8. «You (to finish) the work yet? Can I have a look at it?» «Certainly. I (to finish) it an hour ago.»
9. «I just (to have) breakfast, and (to read) the paper.» «I (to answer).» «You (to get up) so late?», – he (to say) and (to ask) me to come to his place at once.
10. «When you (to come) to Moscow?» «A week ago.»
Exercise 64.
1. Вы написали письмо своему другу?
2. Отдыхали ли вы когда-нибудь весной?
3. Мы ещё не видели картин этого художника.
4. Я уже видела этот фильм.
5. Что-то случилось с этим мальчиком?
6. Что вы приготовили на сегодня?
7. На какие вопросы вы уже ответили?
8. Они решили много важных проблем.
9. У нас было много трудностей, но мы преодолели их.
10. Мы уже перевели этот текст.
Exercise 65. Translate the sentences according to the signal
1. Я написал письмо (today) (yesterday).
2. Я видел его (last month) (just).
3. Вы проделали большую работу (this week, last week).
4. Ваш друг был в Лондоне (this year, last year).
5. Были ли вы в Ленинграде (this month, last month)?
Exercise 66. Translate the sentences into Russian
1. He’d already consulted the doctor by that time.
2. You’d called on my people before I asked you to.
3. By that time you had already written the letter.
4. We’d repeated everything by the first of May.
5. A big crowd had gathered by that time.
Exercise 67. Do like this
Pattern: Mary learned French.
She came to France.
Mary had learned French before she came to France.
1. She studied Spanish. She came to Madrid.
2. We got to the theatre. The performance began.
3. We got home. It began to rain.
4. We finished our homework. We switched on the TV.
5. We discussed the film. My brother came home.
6. I translated the article. There came a knock at the door.
7. I finished my work. You asked me about it.
Exercise 68. Use the Past Indefinite or the Past Perfect
1. I (to translate) two pages yesterday.
2. By the end of the week they (to translate) the first part of the book.
3. When they (to enter) the theatre the play (to begin).
4. Though he (to learn) the language only for a year he (to show) good knowledge.
5. When you (to receive) a letter from her last?
6. When I (to phone) them they (not to be) ready yet.
7. We (to find) nobody in the house when we (to come) but we (to have) a feeling that somebody (to be) there before.
8. When John (to come) home the family (to have) their dinner, so he (to go) to the kitchen and (to make) himself a cup of tea.
9. The lady (to open) the door only after I (to tell) who (to be) and what (to want).
10. He (to live) in Paris for a long time and (to know) a lot about the city.
Exercise 69. Use Present Perfect or Past Perfect
1. She (to learn) English for five years before entering the institute.
2. You (to learn) English before?
3. I (not to read) any books by this author.
4. What a pleasure it was to see him again. We (not to meet) since childhood.
5. What (to happen)? You look pale.
6. How long they (to be) engaged before they married?
7. We (to write) two compositions this month.
8. Try not to be absent from class. You (to miss) too many classes.
9. The police (to look) for the criminal for two years before they caught him.
Exercise 70. Translate into English
1. Мы уже закончили свою работу, когда пришел мой отец.
2. Так как я пропустил лекцию, я попросил его объяснить мне это правило.
3. Она выучила стихотворение к трем часам.
4. Мы не перевели статью к пяти часам.
5. Дети ещё не легли спать, когда пришли родители.
6. Не успел он приехать, как получил телеграмму.
7. Я вспомнил номер телефона, когда вышел из дома.
Exercise 71. Explain the usage of the Future Perfect Tens. Translate into Russian
1. I’ll have read the book by this time tomorrow.
2. She’ll have given the final answer before he returns.
3. We shall have left Moscow by 5 o’clock tomorrow.
4. I shall have returned the book to the library by 2 p. m. tomorrow.
5. By the end of this term we shall have learnt many new words.
6. If you come at 3 o’clock I shall have copied this articles.
7. You’ll have translated this article by 5 o’clock.
Exercise 72. Translate the following sentences
1. Диана не может подойти к телефону, потому что она моет голову.
2. Я не хочу идти в зоопарк сегодня, потому что идет дождь. То же было вчера. Я не хотел идти в зоопарк, потому что шел дождь.
3. Сколько занятий вы пропустили с начала семестра?
4. Я позвоню вам после того, как получу письмо.
5. Я почувствовала себя лучше после того, как я приняла лекарство.
6. Вы переведете все предложения, прежде чем зазвонит звонок.
7. К тому времени, когда вы приедете, он даст окончательный ответ.
8. Джек вдруг осознал, что учитель задает ему вопрос. Но он не мог ответить, потому что не слушал.
9. Я ещё не написала ей письмо, но я напишу до его прихода.
Часть 2. MODAL VERBS
Exercise 73. Make the following sentences interrogative
He can finish the work today.
Pattern: Can he finish the work today?
1. My brother can speak English.
2. She can do everything you do.
3. We can hear her singing in the next room.
4. The travelers can see the house behind the trees.
5. Mary can wear her mother’s shoes.
6. You can reach the station in half an hour.
7. The teacher can show us how to do it.
8. We can get this book at the library.
9. Nobody can help us.
Exercise 74. Make the following sentences negative
He can translate it himself.
Pattern: He can’t translate it himself.
1. We can understand German.
2. I can imagine her teaching children.
3. The students can be there by five.
4. Helen can hear the speaker.
5. He can do me a favour.
6. He can write to me.
Exercise 75. Use the sentences in past
Pattern: Can – could
Can’t – couldn’t
1. She can translate these English texts.
2. I can finish the work in time.
3. The teacher can’t give you this book.
4. Cab you see this picture at the exhibition?
5. Nobody can do it better.
6. I can’t believe my eyes.
7. They can easily get to the University in half an hour.
8. We can watch them playing football.
9. I cannot understand what it means.
Exercise 76. Refer the sentences to the future
I can play the piano very well.
Pattern: I shall be able to play the piano very well.
(I’ll be able)
1. Everybody can do this work.
2. He can write to me.
3. We can see the performance to-night.
4. I can’t buy this book. I haven’t got enough money about me.
5. Which of you students can take part in the concert?
6. Can you go to the Sough in the summer?
7. I am sure he can make a good report.
8. When can they go somewhere for a holiday?
Exercise 77. Add question-tags to the following sentences
1. I can help you.
2. She can read French.
3. It necessary, my brother could speak English.
4. She could play tennis in her youth.
5. Now they can hear us.
6. I couldn’t see this picture last year.
7. Your sister can’t speak English.
8. I couldn’t change the time of the meeting.
Exercise 78. Translate into Russian
a) Can it be true?
Pattern: Неужели это правда?
b) I can’t have lost the ticket.
Не может быть, чтобы я потерял билет.
1. Can it bee Peter?
2. Can he know English well?
3. He can’t have read this book in two days.
4. They can’t have arrived. I received the telegram only yesterday.
5. Can she have deceived me? I can’t believe it.
6. Can she still be speaking to the dean?
7. She can’t have left the letter unanswered.
Exercise 79. Translate the following sentences into English
1. Вы можете помочь мне?
2. Чем я могу быть вам полезен?
3. Вы сможете принять участие в предстоящих соревнованиях?
4. Я знал, что он сможет сделать эту работу.
5. Я не мог пойти домой, так как шел дождь.
6. Кто из ваших студентов сможет работать переводчиком?
7. Он не мог пригласить так много людей.
8. Один из моих друзей может играть в шахматы.
9. Моя сестра умела говорить по-английски ещё когда была ребенком.
10. Они ничего не могут обещать.
Exercise 80. Make sentences asking permission
(to go out?)
Pattern: May I go out?
1. To come in.
2. To pour out the tea.
3. To go with us.
4. To have a cigarette.
5. To have another helping.
6. To ask you to do me a favour.
Exercise 81. Change the following sentences so as to deny permission
You may go out now.
Pattern: You mustn’t go out now.
1. You may smoke here.
2. He may see his sister now.
3. She may switch on the radio.
4. He may look through his composition.
5. Children may come in.
Exercise 82. Use «to be allowed to» instead of «may»
He may be present at the lesson.
Pattern: He is allowed to be present at the lesson.
1. He may be present at lesson.
2. We may have out meeting in this room.
3. I may see a sister.
4. He may leave the office half an hour earlier today.
5. We may pick the fruit off that tree.
6. I may point out the finest pictures to you.
7. They may stay here.
Exercise 83. Translate the second part of each sentence
He said что мы может идти.
Pattern: He said that we might go.
1. The teacher said что мы может перевести этот текст завтра.
2. My father said что мне можно читать эту книгу.
3. He said что мальчик может поговорить с ними.
4. Helen asked можно ли ей повидать их сегодня.
5. I asked the teacher можно ли мне войти.
6. He knew что ему можно принять участие в экскурсии.
Exercise 84. Make the following sentences negative and interrogative
1. He must go there at once.
2. You must wait for them.
3. You must read this book.
4. They must prepare their lessons now.
5. We must let him know about it.
6. I must help them.
Exercise 85. Refer the following sentences to the past, using the verb «to have to»
He must do it today.
Pattern: He had to do it yesterday.
1. He must learn all the new words from the text.
2. They must translate the article.
3. Must he spend the summer here?
4. Must you speak to him?
5. He mustn’t go anywhere.
6. Must they visit him?
7. We must break the news to Eliza.
Exercise 86. Refer the sentences to the past, using the verb «to be to»
He must be there at 5 o’clock.
Pattern: He was to be there at 5 o’clock.
1. You must learn the poem by Monday.
2. He must wait for me near the metro station.
3. They must visit him. He is ill.
4. The students must come to the meeting.
5. We must take the children to the station.
6. Must we show the place to her?
7. Who must make the report?
8. Now look here. I must be off.
Exercise 87. Refer the following sentences to the future
1. He must send them telegram.
2. I must go shopping.
3. It looks like rain. He must put on a raincoat.
4. I don’t think they must leave the question open.
5. Must we leave it to him?
6. I am sorry but I must get rid of it.
Exercise 88. Translate into English
1. Вы должны пойти в библиотеку сейчас.
2. В этом семестре студенты должны прочесть 300 страниц в оригинале.
3. Вы должны поторопиться.
4. Шел дождь и ей пришлось взять зонтик.
5. Секретарь сказала, что группа должна быть в зале в 2 часа.
6. Доклад должен быть тщательно подготовлен.
7. Ребенок не должен никуда идти.
8. Я думаю, они должны оставить вопрос открытым.
Exercise 89. Change the sentences into the present Indefinite Passive
a) Pattern: People always admire such pictures.
Such pictures are always admire.
1. Mary help mother.
2. The teacher answers questions.
3. One uses milk for making butter and cheese.
4. One praises a student when he works hard.
5. Tom opens the door.
6. We translate the text into English.
b) The students write the dictation.
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